...courts to expound and define their true meaning and operation." Indeed, Hamilton went on to say that "[t]he complete independence of the courts of justice...is peculiarly essential in a limited Constitution." He concluded that "[a] constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges, as a fundamental...

...being overpowered, awed or influenced by its coordinate branches; and that as nothing can contribute so much to its firmness and independence as permanency...citadel of the public justice and the public security." Id. He concluded fid. 1 : If, then, the courts of justice are to be considered as bulwarks of a limited...

...being overpowered, awed or influenced by its coordinate branches; and that as nothing can contribute so much to its firmness and independence, as permanency...constitution I understand one which contains certain specif1ed exceptions to the legislative authority; such for instance as that it shall pass no bills...

...he asserts, "can contribute so much to its firmness and independence, as permanency in office," and "this quality may therefore be justly regarded as an indispensable ingredient in its constitution." An independent judiciary is especially important "in a limited constitution," Hamilton contends. By...

...constitution where legislative invasions of it had been instigated by the major voice of the community. The complete independence of the courts of justice...is peculiarly essential in a limited constitution: it guards the constitution against legislative infractions of the constitution not only when the encroachments...

...overpowered, awed, or influenced by its co-ordinate branches; and that as nothing can contribute so much to its firmness and independence as permanency in office, this quality may therefore * The celebrated Montesquieu, speaking of them, says: "Of the three powers above mentioned, the JUDICIARY...

...overpowered, awed, or influenced by its co-ordinate branches," rendering "permanency in off1ce ... an indispensable ingredient in its constitution, and,...citadel of the public justice and the public security" (465-56). In emphasizing the inherent weakness of the judiciary, Publius is simply pointing up the...

...quality therefore may be justly regarded as an indispensable ingredient in it's constitution ; and in great measure as the citadel of the public justice and the public security*. Nor was it imagined that there was more than one opinion, upon this subject, in the United States,...

...again in The Federalist No. 78, 'nothing can contribute so much to [the Judicial appointees court's] firmness and independence as PERMANENCY IN OFFICE;...an indispensable ingredient in its constitution.' The Supreme Court and all inferior constitutional courts created under the authority given in Article...

..."protect the community from abuse of the public trust and misconduct in office" 47 and who believed that " '[t]he complete independence of the courts of justice is peculiarly essential in a limited Constitution.'"48 Nixon argued that article III of the impeachment resolution did not allege either...