Chicago, 1901-02; assoc. embryol. and comp. anat., 1903; instr. embryol., 1904-07; asst. prof. zool., 1907; assoc. prof., 1911. F.A. A.; Soc. Nat.; Soc. Zool.; Chicago Acad. Nervous system of cestodes; insect metamorphoses; development of colors and color pattern in insects; effect of temperature, moisture, etc., upon organic variations; production of new characters, races and species (experimental); evolution in chrysomelid beetles.-Experimental investigation of evolution, especially the role of external conditions in variation; heredity and bionomic processes; tropical biology. Desert biology.

Towne, Charles Arnette, lawyer; born in Oakland County, Mich., Nov. 21, 1858; son of Charles J. and Laura A. F. Towne; educated, public schools of Oakland County, Mich., and University of Michigan, Ph.B., 1881; LL.D., University of Alabama, 1905; married, 1887, Maude Irene Wildey. Became chief clerk of Department of Public Instruction, Lansing, Mich., 1881, and later in Treasury Department State of Michigan; studied law and was admitted to bar of Michigan, 1885, and practiced at Marquette, Mich., 1885-89, Chicago, 1889-90, and then located at Duluth, Minn.; elected to congress on Republican ticket, 1894, and at once became prominent as an advocate of bimetallism; was delegate to the national Republican convention at St. Louis, 1896, but left the convention upon the adoption of the single goldstandard platform, becoming one of the organizers of the Silver Republican party; was nominated for congress by the Democrats and Populists, 1896, but deefated; became chairman Silver Republican National Committee, 1897; nominated by the People's party and by Silver Republicans, 1900, for vice-president of U.S., but declined both nominations and affiliated with the Democratic party, making speeches for Bryan and Stevenson in the campaign of that year; appointed by Gov. Lind of Minnesota, as U.S. senator, and in senate made strong opposition to the Philippine policy of the administration. After some experience in Texas in the production and refining of oil, he took up his permanent residence in New York City in 1901; elected to the fifty-ninth congress in 1904 from the fourteenth New York district. He is a member of the law firm of Towne & Spellman, 115 Broadway. Towner, Horace Mann, congressman, was born Oct. 23, 1855, in Belvidere, Ill. In 1877-90 he practiced law in Corning, Iowa, and in 1890-1911 was district judge. He was elected to the sixtysecond and sixty-third congresses as a Republican, and resides in Corning, Ia.

Townsend, Charles Elroy. United States senator from Michigan, was born in Concord, Jackson County, Mich., Aug. 15, 1856. He was elected to the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first and sixty-second congresses; was nominated United States senator at the primaries on Sept. 7, 1910, receiving a majority of 41,000 over Senator Burrows, and elected by the Michigan legislature Jan. 18, 1911.

Townsend, Charles Henry Tyler, educator, entomologist and scientist, of Casilla 1237, Lima, Peru, was born Dec. 5, 1863, in Oberlin, O. He was educated at Oberlin College, and received the

degrees of M.D. and B.S. from the George Washington University. He has been curator of the Museum of the Institute of Jamaica; entomologist to the New Mexico College Experiment Station, and in 1909-12 was government entomologist of Peru. Since 1912 he has been government entomologist and director of entomological stations of Peru.

Townsend, Charles Orrin, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Plant pathology. Born, Washtenaw Co., Mich., Jan. 16, 1863. B.P., Mich. State Nor. Sch., 1891; B.S., Michigan, 1888, M.S., 1891; Leipzig, 1895-97, Ph.D., 1897. Prof. nat. science, St. John's (Md.), 1888-91; Wesleyan (Ga.), 1891-95; instr. bot., Barnard, Columbia, 1897-98; prof. bot., Md. Agr. Col., and state plant pathologist, 1898-1901; plant pathologist in charge sugar-beet investigations, U.S. Dept. Agr., 1901-; consulting agriculturist, U.S. Sugar and Land Co., Garden City, Kan., 1910-; pathologist in charge of sugar beet investigations, U.S. Dept. Agr., 1914-. F.A.A., Bot. Soc., Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci., Wash. Biol. Soc.; Wash. Bot. Soc., Am. Genetic Assn. Physiology and pathology of plants; the influence of nuclei on the formation of the cell-wall; diseases of the sugar-beet; the development of a beet seed ball containing a single seed.-Treatment of beet seed balls to improve germination; selection of sugar-beets to increase tonnage, sugar content, alkali resistance, etc.

Townsend. Edward W., congressman, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, March 10, 1855. He is the author of a number of novels, plays, books of short stories and a text-book on the Constitution of the United States; was his party's candidate for representative in the sixty-first congress, receiving about 6,000 more votes than the head of his ticket; was elected to the sixty-second congress, and re-elected to the sixty-third congress for the term of 1913-15, and resides in Montclair, N.J.

Townsend, J. Fred, traffic manager McKeesport Connecting Rd., Benwood & Wheeling Connecting Ry. and Lake Terminal Rd. Office: Pittsburgh, Pa. Born in 1860 at Cleveland, Ohio. Entered railway service 1879, since which he has been consecutively to 1889, freight clerk Cleveland, Tuscarawas Valley & Wheeling Ry., one year freight clerk and chief clerk Empire Line, one year same positions with Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Ry. and in general freight office Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Rd.; 1889 to March, 1893, general traffic agent same road; March 20, 1893, to Feb. 1, 1897, assistant general freight agent Wheeling & Lake Erie Rd.; Feb. 1, 1897, to Aug. 13, 1899, assistant general freight and passenger agent, and Aug. 13 to Nov. 1, 1899, general freight and passenger agent same road; Nov. 1, 1899, to date, traffic manager McKeesport Connecting Rd., Benwood & Wheeling Connecting Ry. and Lake Terminal Rd.; is also traffic manager National Tube Co. and The Shelby Steel Tube Co.

Traber, Herman L., general freight and passenger agent Missouri, Oklahoma & Gulf Ry. Office, Muskogee, Okla. Born April 27, 1880, at Kansas City, Mo. Graduated from Central high school at Kansas City, Mo., class of 1898. Entered railway service Aug. 16, 1898, since which he has been consecutively to March 15,

1905, in various capacities Kansas City, Ft. Scott & Memphis and St. Louis & San Francisco Rds.; March 15, 1905, to Jan. 1, 1908, contracting agent St. Louis & San Francisco Rd. at Kansas City; Jan. 1, 1908, to Jan. 1, 1909, chief clerk joint commercial office same road and Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Ry.; Jan. 1, 1909, to Jan. 1, 1911, contracting agent St. Louis & San Francisco Rd.; Jan. 1, 1911, to March 15, 1912, commercial agent Missouri, Oklahoma & Gulf Ry.; March 15, 1912, to date, general freight and passenger agent same road at Muskogee, Okla.

Tracy, Evarts, architect of 244 Fifth Ave., New York City; born New York City, May 23, 1868; son of J. Evarts and Martha S. (Greene) Tracy; graduate Yale University, B.A., 1890, Ecole Nationale et Special des Beaux Arts, Paris, 1894; married, Plainfield, N.J., June 23, 1904, Caroline F. Streuli. Has traveled extensively in Europe, also in America, including British possessions and South America; member architectural firm of Tracy, Swartwout, architects of public buildings, clubs, banks, hotels, courthouses, etc. Representative work, Yale Club, Home Club, Hotel Webster, New York; National Metropolitan Bank, Washington, D.C.; Connecticut Savings Bank, New Haven, Conn.; Somerset County Court House, Somerville, N.J.; Minneapolis Club, Minneapolis, Minn.; U.S. Postoffice & Courthouse, Denver, Colo.; Missouri State Capitol; The Players, N.Y.; West Indian Club, London, Eng. Republican. Member Beaux Arts Society Architects, Architectural League of New York, American Institute Architects. Recreations: All outdoor sports, including fishing and shooting.

Tracy, Ira Otis, physician, Long Island State Hospital, Brooklyn. Born in Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N.Y., Sept. 17, 1858. Educated at St. Lawrence University, Canton, N.Y.; Medical Department University of Michigan; and College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New York (M.D., 1882). Brooklyn Law School (LL.B., 1906). First assistant physician, Long Island State Hospital, Brooklyn, N.Y. Member of American Medical Association; N.Y. State Medical Society; N.Y. Academy of Medicine; Medical Society of the county of Kings; N.Y. Society of Medical Jurisprudence; L.I. Historical Society; Kings County Historical Society; Sons of the Revolution; and life member of the American Historical Association; N.Y. Historical Society; N.Y. State Historical Association; Order of the Founders and Patriots of America; N.Y. Genealogical and Biographical Society; American Museum of Natural History; American Geographical Society; Brooklyn Masonic Veterans Association.

Tracy, Samuel Mills, Biloxi, Miss. Agriculture. Born Hartford, Vt., April 30, 1847. B.S., Michigan Agricultural College, 1868; M.S., 1873. Professor botany, Missouri, 1877-87; director Miss. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1887-97; special agent forage crop investigations, U.S. Dept. Agr., 1897. F.A.A.; Bot. Soc.; Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci., (Pres., 1909-11); La. Soc. Nat.; Davenport Acad. Fellow N.O. Academy of Science, Botany of the southern United States; agriculture. Introduction of new crops.

Trammel, P., governor of the State of Florida. He is governor of Florida for the term of 1913-17; and resides in Tallahasse, Fla.

Transue, Judson L., banker of Williamson, N.Y., was born Aug. 3, 1865, in Wyalusing, Pa. He attended the Genesse Wesleyan Seminary in Lima, O. He attended school at Syracuse, N.Y., and studied law at Rochester, N.Y. He is vice-president and cashier of the State Bank of Williamson.

Trask, Katrina (Mrs. Spencer Trask), author, reformer, was born, Brooklyn, N.Y.; daughter George L. and Christina (Cole) Nichols; educated in private schools and by private tutors; married, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1874, Spencer Trask. Has throughout life engaged in much humanitarian and altruistic work, and has written several poems and articles published in leading magazines, tending to uplifting of humanity and freedom of thought and religion; active in literary and social circles. Active Democrat, though not a suffragist, and influential in politics, working personally for good citizenship and good government. Author: Free Not Bound; Mors et Victoria; Night and Morning; King Alfred's Jewel; In the Vanguard. Residence: Yaddo, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.

Travis, Lee M., lawyer, born, New York, June 20, 1874; son of Gould J. and Ella (Ford) Travis. A.B., Univ. of Oregon, 1897; LL.B., Univ. of Mich., Ann Arbor, 1900. Married, Lillian R. Baker, July 4, 1903, at Tillamook, Ore. Dir., Meadow Valley Land and Investment Co.; secy. and treas., Oregon-Idaho Orchard Co.; Oregon Commissioner, S.F. Fair, in 1915. Served Co. C, 2d Ore. Vol. Inf., in Span.-Am. War, in 1898. Ore. delegate; Denver Democratic Convention, 1908; represented State of Oregon on Notification Committee, Lincoln, 1908. Member Acacia Fraternity, past master, Eugene Lodge, No. 11, A.F. & A.M.; Knights Templar and Shriner, Elk, Eagle, W.O.W. Chairman Lane County Democratic Central Committee. Residence 248 W. 7th. Office: 12 East 8th, Eugene, Ore.

Treacy, Rev. James Power, born in Tipperary, Ireland, May, 1869. Educated at St. Vincent's College, Castleknock, County Dublin; also at the Royal University, Dublin; from which he received the gold medal (scientia et religione); in 1888, he went to Rome to the Canadian College for a special course in Philosophy; remained there until 1893; studied under Lorenzelli and Sbarretti, and obtained the degree of Ph.D. in the Academy of St. Thomas, 1889; studied theology under the late Cardinal Satolli and was ordained in 1892; took the degree of S.T.D. in 1893; 1894-1913 was pastor of St. Patrick's Church, Dixie. In 1913 was appointed parish priest of St. Cecilia's Church, Toronto; rector of St. Patrick's Church, Dixie, Ontario, Canada; served as one of the official secretaries to the first Plenary Council of Canada, 1909; also theologian at Council; contributed editorial articles. to the Catholic Register, Toronto, from 1894 to 1905, and to other religious and secular papers in Canada. Editor of the Question Box on Catholic Register, Toronto, and has written for various magazines in the United States and Canada. In 1895, Father

Treacy accompanied the late Archbishop Walsh of Toronto, to Europe, and traveled extensively in Great Britain, Ireland and the continent. In 1907 he returned to Rome, had a private audience with Pope Pius X, also with Cardinal Merry Del Val and Cardinal Satolli, visited Naples, Vesuvius, Loretto, London, France and his family home in Ireland. Address: St. Cecilia's Rectory, 161 Annette St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Treadway, Allen Towner, United States congressman from the first district of Massachusetts, was born Sept. 16, 1867, in Stockbridge, Mass. He is a hotel proprietor; and has been a member of the state senate. He was elected to the sixty-third congress for the term of 1913-15; and resides in Stockbridge, Mass.

Treadwell, George Curtis, former mil. sec., Albany, N.Y., was born Albany, N.Y., Aug. 24, 1872; s. Major George Hooker and Elizabeth (Schnebley) Treadwell; g.-g.s. John Treadwell, the last of the Puritan govs. of Conn.; grad. Harts Sch., Farmington, Conn., 1887; Sedgwick Inst., Great Barrington, Mass., 1890; Yale Univ., Sheffield Sci. Sch., Ph.B.,1893; married. Sec. and dir. George C. Treadwell Fur Co., 1887-1894, Geo. C. Treadwell Co., 18901894; sec., treas. and dir. Economic Power and Construction Co., 1896-1906. Citizens' Economic Power Co., 1905-1906; pres. Plymouth Seam Face Granite Co., of Boston, since 1913. Two trips to England and Continent, 1899-1901. Private 3d Signal Corps, N.G.N.Y., 1893-1897; col. mil. sec. State of N.Y., on Gov. Black's staff during Spanish-American War, 1897-1899; col. mil. sec. and a.d.c. to Gov. Roosevelt, 1890-1901; appt. Jan. 1, 1907, mil. sec. to Gov. Hughes, with original rank; re-apptd. by Gov. Hughes Jan. 1, 1909. Mil. sec. to Gov. White, Oct. 6, 1910. Republican; Presby 'n. Mem. Art Students' League, Albany, N.Y., Albany Inst., Yale Alumni Ass'n. of Eastern N.Y. (former sec. and treas.), Veteran Ass'n. 3d Signal Corps, N.G.N.Y., mil. Service Inst'n. of U.S. Hist. and Art Soc., class agent, Yale Alumni Fund Ass'n., Sons of Revolution; Soc. Colonial Wars, Mil. Order Loyal Legion; Order Founders and Patriots, Lewis O. Morris Post, 121, G.A.R. Recreations: Polo, riding, rowing, instrumental music, singing. Clubs: Yale (N.Y. City), University (Albany).

Treman, Robert Henry, banker, merchant, of Ithaca, N.Y., was born, Ithaca, N.Y., March 31, 1858; son of Elias and Elizabeth (Lovejoy) Treman; educated Ithaca Acad.; grad. Cornell Univ., B.M.E., 1878; married, Detroit, Mich., June 24, 1885, Laura Hosie; children: Robert Elias, born April 24, 1888; Allan Hosie, born Aug. 10, 1899. Pres. Tompkins Co. Nat. Bank, Treman, King & Co., Inc. (jobbers of hardware); dir. Ithaca Savings Bank, Ithaca Trust Co., Ithaca Security Co., Cayuga Lake Cement Co. Pres. N.Y. State Assn. of Hardware, jobbers, 1910-1911-1912-1913; N.Y. State Bankers' Assn., 1913-14; vice-pres. N.Y. State Bankers' Assn., 1912-13. Chosen by vote of the bankers of New York State a Class A director in the Federal Reserve Bank at New York City. Trustee Cornell Univ., Old Ladies' Home, Ithaca. Independent Democrat; Presbyterian. Member Chi Phi (college)