After the armistice the reader The "red peril," hitherto given an insig- In the reader, the idea of a The "red peril" in 1924 had
was interested in learning how nificant place when compared with the Bolshevist menace was cre- yet to destroy civilization.
serious and extensive was the danger of German domination, began to ated. He assumed interven- Intervention was only tem-
"red peril." He wanted to assume a new importance in the news. tion necessary to deal with porary, was discredited, and
know if intervention was nec- Bolshevism was pictured as a menace to this menace which threatened served to complicate rather
essary.
the world. The necessity for continued to spread westward, destroy- than solve the Russian situa-

intervention to destroy this menace was ing civilization.

urged. Soviet Russia had replaced Germany as the enemy against whom allied troops in Russia must fight.

tion.

Chief Concern of Reader

KOLCHAK, DENIKIN, YUDENITCH

38

The white generals Kolchak, In the spring, summer and autumn of The white generals were win-The campaigns of Kolchak,
Denikin, and Yudenitch, repre- 1919, Kolchak, Denikin, Yudenitch were ning over the Bolshevists. Denikin and Yudenitch were
sented factions in different greeted as "dictator-saviors of Russia." Their régimes tended to be failures. They did not repre-
parts of Russia opposed to the When they were moving forward "ex-democratic rather than auto-sent the Russian people.
Soviet government. They car- travagant claims" were made of their cratic, were given popular sup-
ried on campaigns against the success. The significance of their re- port, and represented the true
Bolshevists and were given treat was minimized and prophecies voice of the Russian people.
the support and assistance of made of better times to come. The
the Allies. The reader was weakness of the Bolsheviki, the proba-
anxious to know if they were bility of their overthrow was continu-
winning their campaigns, if ally prophesied. Pains were taken to
they really represented the show that Kolchak and Denikin had
Russian people, if intervention popular support, but comparatively little
in their behalf was justifiable. was said in regard to the extent of the
support given the Soviet government.

Allied assistance was asked for While these campaigns were taking The reader gained the impres- December 2, 1919, Polish
the Bolsheviki.
Poland as a protection against place, warnings were appearing in the sion from the general trend of armies had advanced
reader Times of a Russian invasion of Poland, the news that Soviet Russia than 180 miles into Russian
ance was really needed.
wanted to know if this assist- ostensibly looked upon by the Allies as was the aggressor against Po- territory. Poland, on Febru-
the Bolshevists threatening of Europe and the Bolsheviki.
Were the barrier standing between the rest land, who needed assistance ary 24, 1920, in negotiating
As early badly if she was to hold the for peace with Soviet Russia,
Poland or was Poland the ag- as January, 1919, an Associated Press frontiers assigned her by the claimed
gressor? Would any aid given dispatch announced that Poland was peace conference.
be used for defensive purposes "preparing for a military campaign along

or to secure for Poland a por- her entire Russian frontier"; that the
tion of Russian territory?

eastern frontier
such as existed in 1772. A
counter-offensive against Po-
land was not started by the
Soviets until July, 1920, and
in the meantime the Polish
army had been well into Rus-
sia for over a year and a half.

A NEW RUSSIAN POLICY?

35

35

Could no better policy than From February to November, 1919, while The reader would blame Rus- The full reply of Soviet Rus-
intervention on behalf of the the Polish struggle and the campaigns sia with the failure of the sia to the Prinkipo proposal,
white generals be adopted by of the white generals were taking place, Prinkipo Conference and the published later in book form
the Allies? Was Soviet Rus- various attempts were made by the Al- Nansen proposal. He would ("Russian-American
sia anxious to continue hos- lies to give their Russian policy a new think that Russia's unwilling- tions," 1917-1920), showed
tilities and inimical to moves turn. Whether it was the fault of ness to call a halt to hostili-Soviet Russia willing to end
toward peace?
censor, correspondent, or editor, the full ties destroyed any chance of a hostilities and even to discuss
text of the Russian reply to these at- better understanding with that the question of the cession_of

Russian territory to the En-
tente powers or forces receiv-
ing aid from them. The full
text of the Russian reply to
the Nansen proposal showed a
like willingness to discuss the
cessation of hostilities if the
whole problem of Soviet Rus-
sia's relations with her adver-
saries were taken up. It was
urged that only on such con-
ditions could Russia secure
lasting peace.