made during each year. On all claims located prior to the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, ten dollars' worth of labor shall be performed or improvements made by the tenth day of June, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, and each year thereafter, for each one hundred feet in length along the vein until a patent has been issued therefor; but where such claims are held in common, such expenditure may be made upon any one claim; and upon a failure to comply with these conditions the claim or mine upon which such failure occurred shall be open to relocation in the same manner as if no location of the same had ever been made, provided that the original locators, their heirs, assigns, or legal representatives, have not resumed work upon the claim after failure and before such location. Upon the failure of any one of several coowners to contribute his proportion of the expenditures required hereby, the coowners who have performed the labor or made the improvements may, at the expiration of the year, give such delinquent coowner personal notice in writing or notice by publication in the newspaper published nearest the claim for at least once a week for ninety days, and if at the expiration of ninety days after such notice in writing or by publication such delinquent should fail or refuse to contribute his proportion of the expenditure required by this section his interest in the claim shall become the property of his coowners who have made the required expenditures. Act of Congress, May 10, 1872; c. 152, sec. 5. Where a person or company has or may run a tunnel for the purpose of developing a lode or lodes, owned by said person or company, the money so expended in said tunnel shall be taken and considered as expended on said lode or lodes, whether located prior to or since the passage of said act; and such person or company shall not be required to perform work on the surface of said lode or lodes in order to hold the same as required by said act. As amended, February 11, 1875; 18 Stat. 318. Provided, that the period within which the work required to be done annually on all unpatented mineral claims shall commence on the first day of January succeeding the date of location of such claim, and this section shall apply to all claims located since the tenth day of May, anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy-two. As amended, January 22, 1880, sec. 2. For requirements under the state law, see secs. 2423-2428, 2430 2432. Refusing to adhere to a contrary doctrine announced in Lavagnino v. Uhlig, 198 U. S. 443, the court in Nash v. McNamara, 30 Nev. 114, held that the junior location made on ground covered by a valid existing senior location will not prevail over a relocation on the same ground made after failure to do the work on the senior location. The later case of Farrell v. Lockhart, 210 U. S. 146, follows the decision in the Nevada case, instead of the one in Lavagnino v. Uhlig, so that it may now be considered as settled that located mining ground is not subject to relocation until after forfeiture or abandonment. Regarding the amendment of 1875, see Chambers v. Harrington, 111 U. S. 355; Book v. Justice M. Co., 58 Fed. 117. See Fed. Stat. Anntd. vol. 5, p 21, notes and cases. Cited, South End M. Co. v. Tinney, 22 Nev. 47, 49; Gleeson v. Mining Co. 13 Nev. 458; Nesbitt v. Delamar M. Co., 24 Nev. 280; Patchen v. Keeley, 19 Nev. 413; Nash v. McNamara, 30 Nev. 114, 128, 135–137, Golden Fleece Co. v. Cable Con. Co., 12 Nev. 323, 324. Statute construed in general. Emerson v. Me Whirter, 133 Cal. 510; Copper Globe M. Co. v. Allman, 23 Utah, 410; Doe v. Waterloo M. Co., 70 Fed. 459; Sweet v. Webber, 7 Colo. 443; Morgan v. Tillotson, 73 Cal. 520; Carney v. Ariz. G. M. Co., 65 Cal. 40; Price v. McIntosh, 1 Alaska, 286; Worthen v. Sedway, 71 Ark. 386, 79 S. W. 777; Kern Oil Co. v. Crawford, 143 Cal. 298, 76 P. 1111; Zerres v. Vanina, 134 Fed. 610; Bonanza Con. M. Co. v. Golden Head M. Co., 80 P. 736; Ware v. White, 108 S. W. $31; Bismark Mt. G. M. Co. v. N. Sunbeam G. Co., 95 P. 14; Fredericks v. Klauser, 96 P. 679. Rules, regulations and customs of miners previous to act of 1866-Possession alone sufficient. Hicks v. Bell, 3 Cal. 219; Crandall v. Woods, 8 Cal. 136; Attwood v. Fricot, 17 Cal. 37, 76 Am. Dec. 567; Richardson v. McNulty, 24 Cal. 339; Hess v. Winder, 30 Cal. 349. The validity and operation of miners' rules. Gleeson v. Martin White M. Co., 13 Nev. 442; Golden Fleece G. & S. M. Co. v. Cable Con. G. & S. M. Co., 12 Nev. 312; Smith v. Amer. M. Co., 1 Nev. 423; Gropper v King, 4 Mont. 367, 1 P. 755; Orr v. Haskell, 2 Mont. 225; Roberston v. Smith, 1 Mont. 410; Boucher v. Mulverhill, 1 Mont. 306; Riborado v. Quang Pang M. Co., 2 Idaho, 131, 6 P. 125; Sullivan v. Hense, 2 Colo. 424; Harvey v. Ryan, 42 Cal. 626; Table Mt. Tunnel Co. v. Stranahan, 31 Cal. 387; also, 20 Cal. 198; St. John v. Kidd, 26 Cal. 263; Gore v. McBrayer, 18 Cal. 582; Dutch Flat Water Co. v. Mooney, 12 Cal. 534; N. Noonday M. Co. v. Orient M. Co., 1 Fed. 522; Jupiter M. Co. v. Bodie Con. M. Co., 11 Fed. 666; Woodruff v. Bloomfield Gravel M. Co., 18 Fed. 753; Williams & Kellinger Orig. Co. v. Winthrop M. Co., 60 Cal. 631; Glacier Mt. S. M. Co. v. Willis, 127 U. S. 471, 32 L. Ed. 172; Loeser v. Gardiner, 1 Alaska, 641. The location, how made: Location by agent. Moore v. Hammerstag, 109 Cal. 122, 41 P. 805; Dunlap v. Pattison, 42 P. 504; Book V. Justice M. Co., 58 Fed. 106; Schultz v. Kuler, 2 Idaho, 305, 13 P. 481; same case, 2 Idaho, 532, 21 P. 418; Lipscomb v. Nicholas, 3 Colo. 290; Rush v. French, 1 Ariz. 99, 25 P. 816; Murley v. Ennis, 2 Colo. 300; Boucher v. Mulverhill, 1 Mont. 306; McCulloch v. Murphy, 125 Fed. 147; Russel v. Dufresne, 1 Alaska, 486; Moore v. Steelsmith, 1 Alaska, 121; McMahon v. Meehan & Larson, 2 Alaska, 278; Whiting v. Straup, 95 P. 849. When agent's location ratified by principal. Thompson v. Spray, 72 Cal. 528, 14 P. 182; Rush v. French, 1 Ariz. 99, 25 P. 816; Van Valkenburg v. Huff, 1 Nev. 142; Gore v. McBrayer, 18 Cal. 582; Morrison v. Regan, 67 P. 955. When location is in excess of legal dimensions. McPherson v. Julius, 95 N. W. 428; Pratt v. United Alaska M. Co., 1 Alaska, 95. When A. locates before subject of location-Claim then becomes open to locationB. locates before A. files amended locationRights. Gurney v. Brown, 77 P. 357; Small v. Brown, Idem. Marking the boundaries: Size of the claim. St. Louis Smelt. and Ref. Co. v. Kemp, 104 U. S. 636, 26 L. Ed. 875; Prosser v. Parks, 18 Cal. 47; Table Mt. Tunnel Co. v. Stranahan, 20 Cal. 198; same case, 21 Cal. 387; Oregon King M. Co. v. Brown, 119 Fed. 48; Davis v. Shepherd. 31 Colo. 141, 72 P. 57; Whiting v. Straup, 95 P. 849. Shape of the claim. Gleeson v. Martin White M. Co., 13 Nev. 442; Watervale M. Co. v. Leach, 33 P. 418; Tyler M. Co. v. Sweeney, 54 Fed. 284; Iron Silver M. Co. v. Elgin M. and S. Co., 118 U. S. 196, 30 L. Ed. 98, affirming Elgin M. and S. Co. v. Iron Silver M. Co., 14 Fed. 377; Horswell v. Ruiz, 67 Cal. 111, 7 P. 197; Davis v. Shepherd, 31 Colo. 141, 72 P. 57; Empire State Idaho M. Co. v. Bunker Hill M. Co., 131 Fed. 591. How the boundaries are marked. Drummond v. Long, 9 Colo. 538; Willefred v. Bell, 49 P. 6; King v. Amy M. Co., 152 U. S. 227; O'Reilly v. Campbell, 116 U. S. 418: Oregon King M. Co. v. Brown, 119 Fed. 55; Funk v. Sterritt, 59 Cal. 613; Holland v. Mt. Auburn G. Quartz M. Co., 53 Cal. 149; Howeth v. Sullenger, 113 Cal. 550; Haws v. Victoria Copper M. Co., 160 U. S. 318; Doe v. Waterloo M. Co., 70 Fed. 455; N. Noonday M. Co. v. Orient M. Co., 1 Fed. 522; Croesus M. & M. Co. v. Colo. Land & Mineral Co., 19 Fed. 78; Cheesman v. Shreeve, 40 Fed. 787; Book v. Justice M. Co., 58 Fed. 106; Live Yankee Co. v. Oregon Co., 7 Cal. 40; Gelcich v. Moriarty, 53 Cal. 217; Newbill v. Thurston, 65 Cal. 419, 4 P. 409; DuPrat v. James, 65 Cal. 555, 4 P. 562; Gregory v. Pershbaker, 73 Cal. 109, 14 P. 401; Pollard v. Shively, 5 Colo. 309; Becker v. Pugh, 9 Colo. 589, 13 P. 906; West Granite Mt. M. Co. v. Granite Mt. M. Co., 7 Mont. 356, 17 P. 547; Warnock v DeWitt, 11 Utah, 324, 40 P. 205; Eilers v. Boatman, 3 Utah, 159, 2 P. 66; Roberts v Wilson, 1 Utah, 292; Marshall v. Harney Peak Tin M. Co., 1 S. D. 350, 47 N. W. 290; Southern Cross G. & S. M. Co. v. Europa M. Co., 15 Nev. 383; Deeney v. Mineral Creek Milling Co., 67 P. 724; Oregon King M. Co. v. Brown, 119 Fed. 48; McIntosh v. Price, 121 Fed. 716; see 1 Alaska, 286; Tonopah and Salt Lake M. Co. v. Tonopah M. Co., 125 Fed. 400; Kern Oil Co. v. Crawford, 143 Cal. 298, 76 P. 1111; Bunker Hill M. Co. v. Empire State Idaho M. Co., 134 Fed. 268; Bonanza Con. M. Co. v. Golden Head M. Co., 80 P. 736; Treadwell v. Marrs. 83 P. 350; Charlton v. Kelly, 2 Alaska, 532, 156 Fed. 433; Daggett v. Yreka M. Co., 149 Ca. 357, 86 P. 968; Ware v. White, 108 S. W. 831. When the boundaries may be marked. Union M. Co. v. Leitch, 24 Wash. 588; Erwin v. Perego, 93 Fed. 611; Doe v. Waterloo M. Co., 70 Fed. 455; Patterson v. Tarbell, 26 Ore. 36; Gleeson v. Martin White M. Co., 13 Nev. 442; Heman v. Griffith, 1 Alaska, 264; Brockbank v. Albion M. Co., 81 P. 863. What is a sufficient marking of boundary. Walsh v. Erwin, 115 Fed. 531; Smith v. Newell, 86 Fed. 57; Du Prat v. James, 65 Cal. 555, 4 P. 562; Eaton v. Norris, 131 Cal. 564; Warnock v. De Witt, 11 Utah, 324, 40 P. 205; N. Noonday M. Co. v. Orient M. Co., 1 Fed. 533; Moore v. Settlesmith, 1 Alaska, 137; Walsh v. Erwin, 115 Fed. 531; Gleeson v. Martin White M. Co., 13 Nev. 442; Temescal Oil M. Co. v. Saleido, 69 P. 1010; McPherson v. Julius, 95 N. W. 428; Moore v. Steelsmith, 1 Alaska, 121; Steen v. Wild Goose M. Co., 1 Alaska, 255; Kern Oil Co. v. Crawford, 143 Cal. 298, 76 P. 1111; Bunker Hill M. Co. v. Empire State Idaho M. Co., 134 Fed. 268; Bonanza Con. M. Co. v. Golden Head M. Co., 80 P. 736; Brockbank v. Albion M. Co., 81 P. 863; Carlton v. Kelly, 2 Alaska, 532, 156 Fed. 433. whether boundaries are properly marked question of fact. Gleeson v. Martin White M. Co., 13 Nev. 442; Howeth v. Sullenger. 113 Cal. 547; Bennett v. Harkrader, 158 U. S. 441; McCarthy v. Phelan, 132 Cal. 404; Erhart v. Boaro, 113 U. S. 527; Hammer V. Garfield M. Co., 130 U. S. 291; Book v. Justice M. Co., 58 Fed. 106; Warnock v. De Witt, 11 Utah, 324, 40 P. 205: Eaton v. Norris, 131 Cal. 564; Golden Fleece M. Co. v. Cable Con. G. M. Co., 12 Nev. 312; Russell v. Chumasero, 4 Mont. 309, 1 P. 713; Havin v. Mattingly, 8 Mont. 242, 19 P. 384; O'Donnell v. Glenn, 8 Mont. 248, 19 P. 302; Gamer v. Glenn, 8 Mont. 371, 20 P. 654; Brady v. Husby, 21 Nev. 453, 33 P. 801; Bonanza Con. M. Co. v. Golden Head M. Co., 80 P. 736. What is insufficient marking of the boundaries. Ledoux v. Forester, 94 Fed. 602; Croesus M. Co. v. Colo. Land. Co., 19 Fed. 78: White v. Lee, 78 Cal. 593; Doe v. Waterloo M. Co., 70 Fed. 455; Oregon King M. Co. v. Brown, 119 Fed. 48; Hahn v. James, 29 Mont. 1, 73 P. 965; Moore v. Steelsmith, 1 Alaska, 121; Wright Lyons. 77 P. 87; Worthen v. Sidway, 71 Ark. 386, 79 S. W. 777; Ware v. White, 108 S. W. 831. V. When boundaries have been altered or obliterated. Book v. Justice M. Co., 58 Fed. 106; Croesus M. Co. v. Colo. Land Co., 19 Fed. 78; Jupiter M. Co. v. Bodie Con. M. Co., 11 Fed. 666; Pollard v. Shively, 5 Colo. 309; Golden Fleece G. and S. M. Co. v. Cable Con. G. and S. M. Co., 12 Nev. 312; Moore v. Steelsmith, 1 Alaska, 121. How boundaries of second location should be marked. Conway v. Hart, 129 Cal. 483. "Natural Object" and "Permanent Monument" defined-Statute construed. N. Noonday M. Co. v. Orient M. Co., 1 Fed. 533; Jackson v. Dines, 13 Colo. 90; Hammer v. Garfield M. Co., 130 U. S. 299; Bennett v. Harkrader, 158 U. S. 444; Mutchinor v. MeCarty, 149 Cal. 603, 87 P. 85; Ford v. Campbell, 29 Nev. 578, 92 P. 206; Bismark Mt. G. M. Co. v. N. Sunbeam G. Co., 95 P. 14. What may be "Natural Objects" and "Permanent Monuments." Allen v. Dunlap, 24 Ore. 236; Hansen v. Fletcher, 10 Utah, 271; Temescal Oil Co. v. Salcido, 137 Cal. 212; Credo M. Co. v. Highland M. Co., 95 Fed. Rep. 911; Buffalo Zinc Co. v. Crump, 70 Ark. 525; 69 S. W. 572; Hammer v. Garfield M. Co., 130 U. S. 291; Morrison v. Regan, 67 P. 955; Butler v. Good Enough M. Co., 1 Alaska, 246; Jackson v. Dines, 13 Colo. 90; Craig v. Thompson, 10 Colo. 525; Riste v. Morton, 20 Mont. 139; Dillon v. Bayliss, 11 Mont. 171; Talmadge v. St. John, 129 Cal. 436; Pollard v. Shively, 5 Colo. 318; Morrison v. Regan, 67 P. 955; Carlin v. Freeman, 75 P. 26; Mutchinor v. McCarty, 149 Cal. 603, 87 P. 85; Londerderry G. M. Co. v. U. S. G. M. Co., 88 P. 455; Smith v. Cascaden, 148 Fed. 792; Ford v. Campbell, 29 Nev. 578, 92 P. 206; Bismark Mt. G. M. Co. v. N. Sunbeam G. Co., 95 P. 14. Testimony to show permanent character of monument. Metcalf v. Prescott, 10 Mont. 283, 25 P. 1037; Seidler v. Lafare, 4 New Mex. 369, 20 P. 789; Seidler v. Maxfield, 4 New Mex. 374, 20 P. 794. v. McMillan, 129 Cal. 350; Erhart v. Boaro, 113 U. S. 527, 28 L. Ed. 1113; Hawes v. Victoria Copper M. Co., 160 U. S. 303, 40 L. Ed. 436; Mt. Diablo M. Co. v. Callison, Fed. Cas. No. 9,886; Cheesman v. Shrieve, 40 Fed. 787; Book v. Justice M. Co., 58 Fed. 106; Gird v. Cal. Oil Co., 60 Fed. 531; Johnson v. Parks, 10 Cal. 446; Thompson v. Spray, 72 Cal. 528, 14 P. 182; Carter v. Bacigalupi, 83 Cal. 187, 23 P. 36; Donahue v. Meister, 88 Cal. 121, 25 P. 1096, 22 Am. St. Rep. 283; Kahn v. Old Telegraph M. Co., 2 Utah, 174; Phillpotts v. Blasdel, 8 Nev. 61; Gleeson v. Martin White M. Co., 13 Nev. 442; Poujade v. Ryan, 21 Nev. 449, 33 P. 659; Brady v. Husby, 21 Nev. 453, 33 P. 801; Peters v. Tonopah M. Co., 120 Fed. 587; Butler v. Good Enough M. Co., 1 Alaska, 246; (see Webster v. Same); McMillen v. Ferrum M. Co., 74 P. 461; Kern Oil Co. v. Crawford, 143 Cal. 298, 76 P. 1111; Marrow V. Matthew, 79 P. 196; Brockbank v. Albion M. Co., 81 P. 863; Cunningham v. Pirrung, 80 P. 329; Sierra Blanco M. Co. v. Winchell, 83 P. 628; Daggett v. Yreka M. Co., 149 Cal. 357, 86 P. 968; Fox v. Myers, 86 P. 793; Helena G. and S. M. Co. v. Baggaley, 87 P. 455; Upton v. Santa Rita M. Co., 89 P. 275; Kinney v. Lundy, 89 P. 496; Ford v. Campbell, 29 Nev. 578, 92 P. 206; Ware v. White, 108 S. W. 831; Bismark Mt. G. M. Co. v. N. Sunbeam G. Co., 95 P. 14; Moorehead v. Erie M. Co., 96 P. 253. When notice has been amended, altered or added to. Doe v. Waterloo M. Co., 70 Fed. 455; Omar v. Soper, 11 Colo. 380, 18 P. 443; Thompson v. Spray, 72 Cal. 528, 14 P. 182; Geeson v. Martin White M. Co., 13 Nev. 442; Van Valkenburg v. Huff, 1 Nev. 142; Morrison v. Regan, 67 P. 955; Tonopah and Salt Lake M. Co. v. Tonopah M. Co., 125 Fed. 389; Gurney v. Brown, 77 P. 357; Field v. Tanner, 75 P. 916; Butte Con. M. Co. v. Barker, 89 P. 302, affirmed, 90 P. 177; Bismark Mt. G. M. Co. v. N. Sunbeam G. Co., 95 P. 14; Ware v. White, 108 U. S. 831; Milwaukee G. Ex. Co. v. Gordon, 95 P. 995. Local statutes control requirements of notice. Carter v. Bacigalupi, 83 Cal. 187; Haws v. Victoria Copper M. Co., 160 U. S. 318; Sanders V. Noble, 22 Mont. 210; Deeney v. Mineral Cr. Mill Co., 67 P. 724; Van Buren v. McKinley, 66 P. 936; Baker v. Butte City Water Co., 28 Mont. 222, 72 P. 617, affirmed, 196 U. S. 119, 49 L. Ed. 409; Anderson v. Caughey, 84 P. 223; Upton v. Santa Rica M. Co., 89 P. 275. Where notice differs from ground markings. Hansen v. Fletcher, 10 Utah, 266, 37 P. 480; Book v. Justice M. Co., 58 Fed. 106; Steen v. Wild Goose M. Co., 1 Alaska, 255; Treadwell v. Marrs, 83 P. 350. What is a sufficient location notice. McKinley Cr. M. Co. v. Alaska United M. Co., 183 U. S. 563, 46 L. Ed. 331; Credo M. Co. v. Highland M. Co., 95 Fed. 913; Eilers v. Boatman, 111 U. S. 356; Dillon v. Bayliss, 11 Mont. 171; Drummond v. Long, 9 Colo. 538; Gilpin M. Co. v. Drake, 8 Colo. 586; Morrison v. Regan, 67 P. 955; Deeney v. Mineral Creek Milling Co., 67 P. 724; Kern Oil Co. v. Crawford, 143 Cal. 298, 76 P. 1111; Zerres v. Vanina, 134 Fed. 610; Columbia Copper M. Co. v. Duchess M. and M. Co., 79 P. 385; Vogel v. Warsing, 146 Fed. 949; Kinney v. Lundy, 89 P. 496. What is insufficient location notice. Faxon v. Barnard, 4 Fed. 702; Deeney v. Mineral Cr. Mill Co., 67 P. 724; Darger v. Le Sieur, 8 Utah, 160, 30 P. 363; Fuller v. Harris, 29 Fed. 814; Drummond v. Long, 9 Colo. 538, 13 P. 543; McBurney v. Berry, 5 Mont. 300, 5 P. 867; Baxter Mt. G. M. Co. v. Patterson, 3 N. Mex. 269, 3 P. 741; Malececk v. Tinsley, 85 S. W. 81; Hickey v. Anaconda C. M. Co., 81 P. 806; Dolan v. Passmore, 85 P. 1034; Sharkey v. Candiani, 85 P. 219; Matko v. Daley, 85 P. 721; Mutchinor v. McCarty, 149 Cal. 603, 87 P. 85; Ford v. Campbell, 29 Nev. 578, 92 P. 206. Courses and distances must be stated on notices. McEvoy v. Hyman, 25 Fed. 596; Brown v. Levan, 4 Idaho, 805. How location notices affected by the act of May 7, 1884. Bennett v. Harkrader, 158 U. S. 444. Recording of the notice of location subject to state and local regulation. Haws v. Victoria Copper M. Co., 160 U. S. 303, 40 L. Ed. 436; N. Noonday M. Co. v. Orient M. Co., 1 Fed. 522; Juniper M. Co. v. Bodie Con. M. Co., 11 Fed. 666; Fuller v. Harris, 29 Fed. 814; Kern Co. v. Lee, 129 Cal. 361; Allen v. Dunlap, 24 Cal. 236; Kendall v. San Juan S. M. Co., 144 U. S. 658; Willeford v. Bell, 49 P. 6; Hoyt v. Russell, 117 U. S. 401; In re Monk, 16 Utah, 103; Camp bell v. Rankin, 99 U. S. 261; Souther v. Maguire, 78 Cal. 543, 21 P. 183; Anthony v. Jillison, 83 Cal. 296, 23 P. 419; Sweet v. Webber, 7 Colo. 443, 4 P. 752; Golden Fleece G. and S. M. Co. v. Cable Con. G. and S. M. Co., 12 Nev. 312; Southern Cross G. and S. M. Co. v. Europa M. Co., 15 Nev. 383; Van Buren v. McKinley, 66 P. 936; Peters v. Tonopah M. Co., 120 Fed. 587; Hahn v. James, 29 Mont. 1, 73 P. 965; McCulloch v. Murphy, 125 Fed. 147; Baker v. Butte City Water Co., 28 Mont. 222, 72 P. 617, affirmed, 196 U. S. 119, 49 L. Ed. 409; Porter v. Tonopah N. Star Co., 133 Fed. 756; Zerres v. Vanina, 134 Fed. 610; Hickey v. Anaconda C. M. Co., 81 P. 806; Anderson v. Caughey, 84 P. 223; Barnette v. Freeman, 2 Alaska, 286; Redden v. Harlan, 2 Alaska, 402; Bulette v. Dodge, 2 Alaska, 427; Charlton v. Kelly, 2 Alaska, 532, 156 Fed. 433; Slothower v. Hunter, 88 P. 36; Ford Campbell, 29 Nev. 578, 92 P. 206; Wailes v. Davies, 158 Fed. 667, affirmed, 164 Fed. 397. V. Requisites and sufficiency of notice. Brady v. Husby, 21 Nev. 453, 33 P. 801; Southern Cross G. and S. M. Co. v. Europa M. Co., 15 Nev. 383; Gleesen v. Martin White M. Co.. 13 Nev. 442: Carter V. Bacigalupi, 83 Cal. 187, 23 P. 361; Myers v. Spooner, 55 Cal. 257; Hammer v. Garfield M. and M. Co., 130 U. S. 291, 32 L. Ed. 964, affirming Garfield M. and M. Co. v. Hammer, 6 Mont. 53, 8 P. 153; Preston v. Hunter, 67 Fed. 996; Faxon v. Barnard, 4 Fed. 702; N. Noonday M. Co. v. Orient M. Co., 1 Fed. 522; Fuller v. Harris, 29 Fed. 814; Cheesman v. Shreeve, 40 Fed. 787; Book v. Justice M. Co., 58 Fed. 106; Gird v. Cal. Oil Co., 60 Fed. 531; Johnson v. McLaughlin, 1 Ariz. 493, P. 130; Weese * v. Barker, 7 Colo. 178, 2 P. 919; Stripey v. Stark, 7 Colo. 614, 5 P. 111; Quimbly v. Boyd, 8 Colo. 194, 6 P. 462; Gilpin Co. M. Co. v. Drake, 8 Colo. 586, 9 P. 787; Drummond v. Long, 9 Colo. 538, 13 P. 543; Craig v. Thompson, 10 Colo. 517, 16 P. 24; Dunlap v. Patterson, 42 P. 504; Berg v. Koegel, 16 Mont. 266, 40 P. 605; McCowan v. Maclay, 16 Mont. 234, 40 P. 602; Mattingly v. Lewisohn, 13 Mont. 508, 35 P. 111; Dillon v. Bayliss, 11 Mont. 171, 27 P. 725; Metcalf v. Prescott, 10 Mont. 283, 25 P. 1037; O'Donnell v. Glenn, 9 Mont. 452, 23 P. 1018; Gamer v. Glenn, 8 Mont. 371, 20 P. 654; Upton v. Larkin, 7 Mont. 449, 17 P. 728; Wenner v. McNulty, 7 Mont. 30, 14 P. 643; McBurney v. Berry, 5 Mont. 300, 5 P. 867; Russell v. Chumasero, 4 Mont. 309, 1 P. 713; Conner v. McPhee, 1 Mont. 73; Baxter Mt. G. M. Co. v. Patterson, 3 N. Mex. 269, 3 P. 741; Hansen v. Fletcher, 10 Utah, 266, 37 P. 480; Darger v. Le Sieur, 8 Utah, 160, 30 P. 363; Gurney v. Brown, 77 P. 357; Mares v. Dillon, 75 P. 963; Porter v. Tonopah N. Star Co., 133 Fed. 756; Webb v. Carlon, 83 P. 998: Anderson v. Caughey, 84 P. 223; Sharkey v. Candiani, 85 P. 219; Kinney v. Lundy, 89 Pac. 496. Recording of amended, altered or additional certificates. Gleeson v. Martin White M. Co., 13 Nev. 442; McEvoy v. Hyman, 25 Fed. 596; Moile v. Bullene, 7 Colo. App. 308, 44 P. 69; Johnson v. Young, 18 Colo. 625, 34 P. 173; Craig v. Thompson, 10 Colo 517, 16 P. 24; McGinnis v. Egbert, 8 Colo. 41, 5 P. 652; Strepey v. Stark, 7 Colo. 614, 5 P. 111; Tonopah & Salt Lake M. Co. v. Tonopah M. Co., 125 Fed. 389; Wilson v. Freeman, 75 P. 84; Porter v. Tonopah N. Star Co., 133 Fed. 756; Milwaukee G. Ex. Co v. Gordon, 95 P. 995. The recorded notice used as evidence. Brady v. Husby, 21 Nev. 453, 33 P. 801; Campbell v. Rankin, 99 U. S. 261, 25 L. Ed. 435; Bennett v. Harkrader, 158 U. S. 441, 39 L. Ed. 1046; Cheesman v. Shreeve, 40 Fed. 787; Cheesman v. Hart. 42 Fed. 98; Coleman v. Davis, 13 Colo. 98, 21 P. 1018; Strepey v. Stark, 7 Colo. 614, 5 P. 111; Patterson v. Hitchcock, 3 Colo. 533; Jantzen Ariz. Copper Co., 20 P. 93; Kramer v. Settle, 1 Idaho, 485; Dillon v. Bayliss, 11 Mont. 171, 27 P. 725; Tunnel M. Co. v. Creede & Cripple Creek M. Co., 119 Fed. 164; Walker v. Pennington, 27 Mont. 369, 71 P. 156; McCulloch v. Murphy, 125 Fed. 147; Webb v. Carlon, 83 P. 998; Fox v. Myers, 86 P. 793; Mutchinor v. McCarty, 149 Cal. 603, 87 P. 185; Butte Con. M. Co., v. Barker, 89 P. 302, affirmed, 90 P. 177; Bismark Mt. G. M. Co., v. N. Sunbeam G. Co., 95 P. 14. Delay in recording notice. Preston v. Hunter, 67 Fed. 996; Kendall v. San Juan S. M. Co., 144 U. S. 658, 36 L. Ed. 583, affirming, 9 Colo. 349, 12 P. 198; Faxon v. Barnard, 4 Fed. 702; Buffalo Zinc & Copper Co. v. Crump, 70 Ark. 525, 69 S. W. 572; Last Chance M. Co. v. Bunker Hill M. Co., 131 Fed. 579; Zerres v. Vanina, 134 Fed. 610; Columbia Copper Co. v. Duchess M. Co., 79 P. 385; Lockhart v. Leeds, 63 P. 48, reversed, 195 U. S. 427, 49 L. Ed. 263. When record varies from boundaries marked on claim. Pollard v. Shively, 5 Colo. 309; Russell v. Chumasero, 4 Mont. 309, 1 P. 713; Oregon King M. Co. v. Brown, 119 Fed. 48; Mitchell v. Hutchinson, 142 Cal. 404, 76 P. 55. Annual labor and development work, in general. Previous to the act of 1872. Little Gunnell Co. v. Kimber, Fed. Cas. No. 8,402; Bradley v. Lee, 38 Cal. 362; Gottschall v. Melsing, 2 Nev. 185; Leet v. John Dare S. M. Co., 6 Nev. 218; Temescal Oil M. Co. v. Salcido, 69 P. 1010. The statute construed-Terms definedObject. Lode claims. Mills v. Fletcher, 100 Cal. 142, 34 P. 637; Utah M. Co. v. Dickert & Myers Sulphur Co., 6 Utah, 183, 21 P. 1002; 5 L. R. A. 259; Sweet v. Webber, 7 Colo. 443, 4 P. 752; Con. Rep. Mt. M. Co. v. Lebanon M. Co., 9 Colo. 343, 12 P. 212; Emerson v. McWhirter, 133 Cal. 510; Cooper Globe M. Co. v. Allman, 23 Utah, 410; Doe v. Waterloo M. Co., 70 Fed. 459; McCulloch v. Murphy, 125 Fed. 147; Argentine M. Co. v. Benedict, 18 Utah, 183; Penn v. Oldhauber, 24 Mont. 287; Power v. Sla, 24 Mont. 243; Northmore v. Simmons, 97 Fed. 386; Original Co. v. Winthrop M. Co., 60 Cal. 631; McCulloch v. Murphy, 125 Fed. 147; Godfrey v. Faust. 101 N. W. 718; Malone v. Jackson, 137 Fed. 878; Goldberg v. Brusehi, 146 Cal. 708, 81 P. 23; Hain v. Mattes, 83 P. 127; Godfrey v. Faust, 105 N. W. 460; McKay v. Neussler, 148 Fed. 86; Butte Con. M. Co. v. Barker, 89 P. 302, affirmed. 90 P. 177; Upton v. Santa Rita M. Co., 89 P. 275; Ford v. Campbell, 29 Nev. 578, 92 P. 206; Ingemarson v. Coffey, 92 P. 908; Warles v. Davies, 158 Fed. 667, affirmed, 164 Fed. 397. Placers. Sweet v. Webber, 7 Colo. 443; Morgan v. Tillotson, 73 Cal. 520; Carney v. Ariz. G. M. Co., 65 Cal. 40, 2 P. 734; Trevaskies v. Peard, 111 Cal. 599, 44 P. 246; Me Donald v. Mont. Wood Co., 14 Mont. 88, 35 P. 668. Proof of the performance and value of annual labors. Whalen Con. Copper M. Co. v. Whalen, 127 Fed. 611 (Nev.); Woody v. Bernard, 69 Ark. 579; Penn v. Oldhauber, 24 Mont. 287; Right v. Killian, 132 Cal. 56; McCulloch v. Murphy, 152 Fed. 147; Du Prat v. James, 65 Cal. 555; Fee v. Durham, 121 Fed. 468; Bishop v. Baisley, 28 Ore. 119; Lockhart v. Rollins, 2 Idaho, 540; Hirschler T. Me Kendricks, 16 Mont. 211; Woody v. Barnard, 69 Ark. 579, 65 S. W. 100; Murry Hill M. Co. v. Havenor, 66 P. 762; Wagner v. Dorris, 73 P. 318; McCulloch v. Murphy, 125 Fed. 147; Callahan v. James, 141 Cal. 291, 74 P. 853 (reversing 71 P. 104); McCormick v. Parriott, 33 Colo. 382, 80 P. 1044; Stolp v. Treasury G. M. Co., 38 Wash. 619, 80 P. 817; Anderson v. Caughey, 84 P. 223; Smith v. Mt. Gulch M. Co., 85 P. 918; McKay v. Neussler, 148 Fed. 86; Gear v. Ford, 88 P. 600; First Nat. G. M. Co. v. Altvater, 149 Fed. 393; Upton v. Santa Rita M. Co., 89 P. 275. Annual work done for benefit of group and claims owned in common. St. Louis Co. v. Kemp, 104 U. S. 636, 26 L. Ed. 875; Jackson v. Roby, 109 U. S. 440, 27 L. Ed. 990; Chambers v. Harrington, 111 U. S. 550, 28 L. Ed. 452; Mt. Diablo M. Co. v. Callison, Fed. Cas. No. 9,886; Jupiter M. Co. v. Bodie Con. M. Co., 11 Fed. 666; Gird v. Cal. Oil Co., 60 Fed. 531; Eberle v. Carmichael, 8 N. Mex. 169, 42 P. 95; Little Dorrit G. M. Co. v. Arapahoe G. M. Co., 30 Colo. 431, 71 P. 289; Fissure M. Co. v. Old Susan M. Co., 22 Utah, 444; Saunders v. Mackey, 5 Mont. 525; Justice M. Co. v. Barclay, 82 Fed. 554; Royston v. Miller, 76 Fed. 52; Power v. Sla, 24 Mont. 243; Altoona Quick S. M. Co. v. Integral Q. S. M. Co., 114 Cal. 100; Ham v. Mattes, 83 P. 127; Upton v. Santa Rita M. Co., 89 P. 275; Fredricks v. Klauser, 96 P. 697. What may be and what not considered as annual labor sufficient to satisfy statutory requirement. Mt. Diablo M. Co. v. Callison, Fed. Cas. No. 9,886; Book v. Justice M. Co., 58 Fed. 106; Packer v. Heaton, 9 Cal. 568; Du Prat v. James, 65 Cal. 555, 4 P. 562; Bryan v. McCaig, 10 Colo. 309, 15 P. 413; Douherty v. Morris, 17 Colo. 105, 28 P. 85; Lockhart v. Rollins, 2 1daho, 503, 21 P. 413; Remington v. Baudit, 6 Mont. 138, 9 P. 819; Coleman v. Curtis, 12 Mont. 301, 30 P. 266; Bishop v. Baisley, 28 Ore. 119, 41 P. 936; Haugh v. Hunt, 138 Cal. 142, 70 P. 1059; Malone v. Jackson, 137 Fed. 878; Anderson v. Caughey, 84 P. 223; McKay v. Neussler, 148 Fed. 86; Gear v. Ford, 88 P. 600; First Nat. G. M. Co. v. Altvater, 149 Fed. 393; Kinsley v. New Vulture M. Co., 90 P. 438; Ingemarson v. Coffey, 92 P. 908; Warles v. Davies, 158 Fed. 667 (affirmed, 164 Fed. 397); Fredricks v. Klauser, 96 P. 679; Ware v. White, 108 S. W. 831. Work done outside the limits of the claim. Mt. Diablo M. Co. v. Callison, Fed. Cas. No. 9,886; Book v. Justice M. Co., 58 Fed. 106; Hall v. Kearny, 18 Colo. 505, 33 P. 373; Harrington v. Chambers, 3 Utah, 94, 1 P. 362; Power v. Sla, 24 Mont. 243; Little Dorrit G. M. Co. v. Arapahoe G. M. Co., 71 P. 389; Wagner v. Dorris, 73 P. 318; Treasury Tunnel M. Co. v. Boss, 74 P. 888; Warles v. Davies, 158 Fed. 667 (affirmed, 164 Fed. 397). Time of performance of annual work. Aurora Hill Con. M. Co. v. Eighty-Five M. Co., 34 Fed. 515; Slavonian M. Co. v. Perasich, 7 Fed. 331; Mills v. Fletcher, 100 Cal. 142, 34 P. 637; Hall v. Hale, 8 Colo. 351, 8 P. 580; Atkins v. Hendree, 1 Idaho, 95; Belk v. Meagher, 3 Mont. 65; Thompson v. Jacobs, 3 Utah, 246, 2 P. 714. |