presented to the trial judge, in strict con- | presented to Judge Pomeroy on June 23d. formity with the order of the court, five days On September 27th, after the expiration of before the expiration of the extension of time. It was retained by the judge without his signature until July 31st, when he signed it, and it was immediately filed in the office of the clerk. It could not have been filed sooner, and the appellants could do no more than they had done when they presented the bill of exceptions to the judge within the time fixed by the order of the court. the extension of time, the bill of exceptions was signed without any further order being entered, and it was not filed until October 14th, 17 days later. The next day an order was entered by the chief justice of the circuit court of Cook county, ordering the bill of exceptions to be filed nunc pro tunc as of June 23, 1913. On motion of the appellee this bill of exceptions was stricken from the record because not filed within the time al eroy, when he signed the bill of exceptions, could have entered an order allowing it to be filed nunc pro tunc as of June 23, 1913, or it could have been filed by the clerk as of the date it was signed by Judge Pomeroy, citing Hill Co. v. United States Guaranty Co., supra. In no case has a bill of exceptions, which was presented to the trial judge within the time allowed for that purpose and was signed by him after the expiration of the time and immediately filed with the clerk, been stricken from the record because there was no order to file it nunc pro tunc. Such a ruling would be extremely technical and unjust. The facts by reason of which the tions regarded as a part of the record clearly party is entitled to have his bill of excepappear. It has been the practice of trial courts and of this court to permit the bill of exceptions to be filed as a part of the record, and no reason is shown why this is not a proper practice. The motion to expunge the bill of exceptions will be denied. [2] It seems to be thought that the bill being signed after the expiration of the ex-lowed by law. It was held that Judge Pomtension of time, an order to file the same nunc pro tune was necessary. No such order was required. If the party presenting the bill had complied with the order of the court, he had done all that was necessary to entitle him to file the bill. The delay caused by the failure of the judge to sign the bill at once could not prejudice the party. When the signature of the judge was attached to the bill, it must be regarded as authenticating it in the manner required by law and authorizing it to be filed. The act of the judge in signing amounted to a direction to file the bill of exceptions, and the bill was properly filed and became a part of the record. In the case of Hall v. Royal Neighbors, supra, the bill of exceptions was stricken from the record. It was signed by the judge 7 days before the expiration of the time allowed for that purpose, but was not filed until 21 days later-two weeks after the expiration of the time and the failure to file it was not due to any neglect or delay of the judge, but was the neglect of the party. In Hill Co. v. United States Guaranty Co., supra, on June 15, 1908, the time for filing the bill of exceptions was extended 60 days from June 27th. The bill was presented to the judge for signature on June 25th, was signed on September 28th, and filed in the clerk's office on the same day as of that date and not as of June 25th. The case is precisely similar to this case, and a motion to strike the bill of exceptions in that case was denied. In People v. Rosenwald, supra, the time for filing the bill of exceptions expired on October 11, 1914. It was presented on October 10, 1914, to a judge of the municipal court, who did not try the case. Afterward the judge who tried the case signed the bill of exceptions under the date "this 21st day of October, A. D. 1914, nunc pro tunc as of October 10, 1914." There was no authority for presenting the bill of exceptions for settlement to a judge who did not try the case, and there was no presentation to any judge who was authorized to settle the bill of exceptions within the time fixed for that purpose, and the motion to strike the bill of exceptions in that case was allowed. In Illinois Improvement & Ballast Co. v. Heinsen, supra, the case was tried by Judge Pomeroy and the time for filing the bill of exceptions was extended to August 15, 1913. The bill of exceptions was [3] A motion was, however, allowed at the October term, expunging that part of the bill of exceptions referring to the proceedings prior to the January term, 1916, because no bill of exceptions to the rulings of the court made in such proceedings was taken at the term at which such rulings were made or within any extension of such time, but such exceptions appear only in a bill of exceptions taken at a subsequent term, when the trial of the question of benefits occurred. Village of Franklin Park v. Franklin, 228 Ill. 591, 81 N. E. 1132. All legal objections which depend upon the evidence for their determination are therefore excluded from our consideration. Some objections, however, are argued which are claimed to arise upon the record without any bill of exceptions. [4] The ordinance provides that State street, between certain limits, shall be improved by paving and otherwise. It provides that in a portion of the street a concrete marginal curb shall be set parallel to and 10 feet distant on each side of the center line of the street, and that the space between such curbs shall not be paved or otherwise included within the improvement, but shall be improved and the improvement paid for in accordance with the provisions of ordinance No. 1796, entitled: "An ordinance providing for the removal of the tracks of the East St. Louis and Suburban It is insisted that the provision that this portion of the street shall be improved and the improvement paid for in accordance with the terms and provisions of Ordinance No. 1796 made the improvement of that portion of the street a part of the scheme of improvement involved in this proceeding, and that should be set out in the petition to show the nature, extent, and character of the improve ment. This claim is not well founded. The presumption to be drawn from the language it was essential that Ordinance No. 1796 of the ordinance and the title of Ordinance No. 1796 is that the improvement of that portion of the street was provided for by the latter ordinance, and that such improvement was not a part of the scheme of improvement covered by the present ordinance. The only object of referring to it in the ordinance is to describe the improvement intended and to exclude from it the part of the street provided for by Ordinance No. 1796. [5] The ordinance provides for curbing set on edge and resting on concrete 6 inches deep by 12 inches wide, and backed with like concrete 6 inches wide and 8 inches deep. The objection is made that the estimate did not include the cost of this concrete footing and backing. The estimate contained an item for 38,170 lineal feet of sandstone curb, 6 inches by 18 inches, set in concrete, complete in place, $32,444.50. The estimate stated that it included labor and material, and this item was sufficient to include the concrete foundation and backing. of the street that are excavated, which shall be pure, clean loam or earth, free from rubbish, cinders, etc., and form a solid foundation, and to haul to such points within 2,000 feet as the board of local improvements may direct and level off all surplus excavated material, while there is no estimate of the cost of such loam or earth that may be required for filling, or of the hauling. It is also contended that this provision improperly delegates power to the board of local improvements. The estimate contained an item filler on six inches Portland cement concrete of "brick paving with Portland cement grout foundation and one and one-half inches of sand, complete in place." It also contained items of "excavation placed in fill and preparation of subgrade," and "excavation removed and preparation of subgrade." The estimate stated that it included all labor and material, and these items of brick paving, complete in place, including labor and material, and of excavating, filling, and preparation of subgrade, necessarily included the loam and earth required for the filling and the hauling necessary to dispose of the surplus excavated material. It is not necessary, set forth in minute detail every particular even if it were possible, for the ordinance to of the improvement and every circumstance of the work. A substantial compliance with the statute is all that is necessary, and some discretion as to the details of the work must necessarily be left to the board of local improvements. City of Chicago v. Le Moyne, 243 Ill. 379, 90 N. E. 746; City of Watseka v. Orebaugh, 266 Ill. 579, 107 N. E 887. What has been said applies also to the objection that the ordinance requires all soft and spongy places which develop in rolling to be dug out and replaced with crushed stone and re-rolled until firmly compacted, and directs that the cost of necessary stone shall be allowed to the contractor, and that all junctions with other pavements shall be neatly made, and that portions of said pavement may be ordered relaid by the contractor at actual cost as determined by the engineer, while there is no estimate of the cost of this work. The cost of the concrete foundation under the paved roadway is included in the estimate of the engineer for 92,810 square yards of brick paving, and the vitrified service pipe is estimated as follows: [6] It has been frequently held that it is not essential that the estimate should contain a detailed statement of the amount and character of material that will be necessary to complete the improvement. It is not the duty of the engineer in making the estimate to determine the character of the material to be used, but merely to estimate the cost of the improvement described, and he is only required to itemize the estimate to the satisfaction of the board of local improvements. The estimate is sufficiently itemized, "1732 lineal feet ten-inch vitrified clay pipe so far as the property owners are concerned, connections from catch-basins, complete in place, if it is specific enough to give them a general | $952." idea of the estimated cost of the substantial component elements of the improvement. City of Chicago v. Underwood, 258 Ill. 116, 101 N. E. 261; Hulbert v. City of Chicago, 213 Ill. 452, 72 N. E. 1097; Connecticut Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. City of Chicago, 217 Ill. 352, 75 N. E. 365. [7] The ordinance requires the contractor to provide necessary filling that may be requir [8, 9] It is insisted that the ordinance is void because it provides for the reconstruction and widening of a bridge over the drainage canal, which, it is argued, in its very nature is a public improvement, and should be paid for out of general taxes. What is a local improvement is a question of law, but whether the facts in the particular case bring an improvement within the defini character as those in the territory local to the proposed improvement." Objection being made and objection over "In this district the slashes have no comparison to what they were in East St. Louis prop er. improvement is a question of fact. City of Objection is made to the certificate of the ordinance attached to the petition because it purports to be signed in the name of the city clerk by a deputy, while the city clerk of the city of East St. Louis has no deputy. This is a fact that can only be shown by evidence, and in the absence of a bill of exceptions the objection cannot be considered. The same answer may be made to the objection that one of the commissioners to make the assessment was an employé of the city, and to the objection that another of the commissioners never took the oath required by the statute. After having been cross-examined, the witness on re-direct examination was asked this question: "You were just asked whether or not you would say if the property abutting on State street is 4 or 5 or 6 feet lower than the street, and so situated that you cannot raise a crop on it for a number of years, would you still say it is benefited $5 a foot, and you answered yes. State whether or not you base that on any experience or your observation in the practice of real estate in East St. Louis." Objection was overruled, and the witness answered: "I base that on the knowledge of past experience in East St. Louis, where streets have been raised from 1 to 13 feet, and the same assessment was spread over that district, and everybody was satisfied to pay the assessment, and it has been a benefit equal and more than the amount of the assessment, where it has been 10 feet below the street. The construction of improvements above the natural level of the contiguous land is the common practice all over East St. Louis." [10] In the trial of the question of benefits many witnesses were introduced on eiHe was then asked, on cross-examination, ther side, and there was much difference of opinion as to the effect of the improvement if it was not true that the improvement on upon the value of property involved. State Division avenue cost about $16 a foot, and if street is the main thoroughfare between East that property cannot be bought to-day for St. Louis and Belleville. The improvement $15. An objection to this question was susextends to the boundary line between the tained, and the objectors offered to prove by two municipalities, which are adjoining. the witness that property in the built-up porMuch of the property along the line of the tions of East St. Louis near the downtown improvement is farm property, some of which district, at Eighth street and Division aveiş vacant. Some of it is very low and is sev-nue, where improvements were made at a eral feet below the level of the street. testimony of the witnesses for the petitioner was that all the land on either side of the street, whether high or low, dry, under water or out of water, or subject to overflow so that it could not be cultivated, would be benefited $5 a front foot, without any distinction. The petitioner introduced a wit-purpose of affording a comparison between ness and asked the following question: The "You speak of water inundating some of the land in this territory; state if that is a condition common to East St. Louis and practically all of its area." An objection was overruled, and the witness answered, "It is." He was then asked to state, in a general way, whether or not the land within the territory assessed in this case, so far as being subject to inundation, is any different from land generally in the territory of the improvement and in the city of East St. Louis. Over objection he was permitted to answer, "Not different at all. It is really better than it is in East St. Louis. When I say East St. Louis I mean the down cost of about $16 a lineal foot, can to-day be bought for $15 a foot, but the court refused to admit the evidence. This whole examination was improper. The petitioner had no right to introduce evidence as to the condition, in a state of nature, of parts of the city not affected by this improvement for the those lands and the lands involved in the present proceeding, and to show that in those parts of the city, under similar circumstances, improvements had been made, and that everybody had been satisfied with the assessment and the property had been benefited to an extent equal to or greater than the amount of the assessment. The jury were thus invited to make a comparison between an improvement and an assessment now proposed to be made and another improvement and assessment made at some indefinite time in the past, of a character not shown and under circumstances then existing but not shown, and to compare the increase in value arising since the previous assessment with the anticipated increase in value to the property involved in this proceeding. Moreover, "State whether or not, in a state of nature, the if such an examination had been proper, then downtown district of East St. Louis, or the parts of East St. Louis other than this territory, had certainly the appellants ought to have been any sloughs and slashes subtantially the same in permitted to show that the property involved town district." He was then asked: 114 N.E.-60 In the earlier assessment was now worth less than the assessment amounted to. Examination of a similar character was permitted in the case of other witnesses, and was errone ous. George Distler, a witness for the appellee, having testified that the average increase in values by reason of the improvement would be $7 a foot, on cross-examination stated that he did not think it would be long until all that property would increase more than the cost of the improvement; that if East St. Louis grows the way it has, it will not take 15 years. roads from those additions extending several blocks to State street. These additions were tributary to State street, which was the main thoroughfare by which their inhabitants could reach East St. Louis. The property owners there had a special interest in State street different from that of the general public, inasmuch as it was their means of access to the property, and since the improvement tended to make the means of access better and more convenient it tended to add specially to the value of their property. The case is not similar to that of the case of City of The appellants moved to exclude Kankakee v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., the evidence of this witness as to benefits because he included the improper element of future growth of the city. The court denied the motion. It is manifest, however, from the examination of this witness that his opinion as to the immediate increase in the value of the property was based, not upon the future growth of the city, but the present construction of the improvement. [11] The court refused to give to the jury instructions 17 and 18, which were as follows: "(17) The court instructs the jury that while you may believe, from the evidence, that the roadway such as is contemplated to be made and provided for by the ordinance in question might offer a convenience for public travel and remove present obstacles to public travel for the general public, those are matters that should not be considered by you in determining whether or not the property of the several objectors will be presently specially benefited. 263 Ill. 589, 105 N. E. 731. There the strip of land which was found not subject to assessment was not only not contiguous to the street improved, but the street improved was of no advantage to the property other than the general advantage of improved streets to all the public. In that case the property which was held not to be benefited was on the west side of a railroad which was in a cut, while the street improved was on the east side of the railroad, and the occupants of the property on the west side of the railroad could have no special occasion to use the street on the east side and had no direct access to it. [13] The appellants asked the court to give an instruction to the jury as to the form of their verdict, as follows: "The court instructs the jury that if you find from the evidence that the respective amounts which are assessed against the respective objec"(18) The court instructs the jury that the tors, or any of them, as follows [naming the obevidence of all witnesses relating to special bene-jectors and the amount, respectively, assessed fits to the property of the objectors, whose opin- against each of them] is more than the assessed ions as to special benefits are based in whole or property would be specially benefited by the proin part on the element of increased travel along posed improvement, then you are instructed you State street and the increased future growth of should find by your verdict the amount, if any, that part of the city, is excluded from the con- you believe it will be specially benefited by the sideration of the jury, and you are instructed to said proposed improvement, and in such case the not consider such evidence." form of your verdict may be, to wit: 'We, the jury, find that the premises of the following named objectors is assessed for more than each will be specially benefited, and we further find that each should be assessed for the amount set opposite each respective name, viz.: Names, amount it should be assessed.'" They were properly refused. While convenience for public travel and the removal of obstacles to such travel cannot be the basis of an assessment for benefits where the only advantage derived from them is such as is shared with the general public and is not of special benefit to the property in question, yet if the additional convenience, by reason of the location of the property or otherwise, gives a special increased value to the property which is a benefit over and above that enjoyed by the public generally, then such convenience may be taken into consideration in assessing benefits. It was not error to refuse this instruction. There are no assessments against individuals, and the verdict should not be for certain amounts set opposite the names of owners, but for certain amounts against the respective tracts. The jury were properly instructed as to the form of their verdict by other instructions. [14] The appellants asked an instruction in regard to the view of the premises which the jury had during the trial, the last sentence of which was as follows: [12] Harding and Beckwith, two of the appellants, each asked for a peremptory instruction to the jury to find that their respective properties were not specially benefited by the "The purpose of permitting you to inspect the proposed improvement. The ground on territory subject to assessment was primarily which these instructions were asked was that acter of the land assessed, and then to hear the that you might have some knowledge of the charState Street Park Annex No. 2 (the subdivi- further testimony of witnesses as to how much, sion in which Harding's property was sit-if at all, it will be specially benefited immediateuated), and Security Park addition (the sub-ly upon the completion of said improvement." division in which Beckwith's property was The court modified the instruction by situated) did not adjoin State street, and striking out the words, "immediately upon object of the instruction was to advise the jury as to the purpose of the view and the effect which they should give it. The jury had already been informed in previous instructions as to the time with reference to which the benefits should be assessed, and it was therefore not error for the court to eliminate this clause from the instruction. The judgment of the circuit court of St. Clair county will be reversed and the cause remanded. Reversed and remanded. (94 Ohio St. 440) STATE ex rel. FRANKLIN COUNTY CON- (Supreme Court of Ohio. Sept. 2, 1916.) (Syllabus by the Court.) 1. COUNTIES 160 CONSERVANCY DisTRICTS-FUNDS. The levy authorized by section 6828-43, General Code (section 43 of the Conservancy Act of Ohio, 104 0. L. 13, 35), of three-tenths of one mill on the assessed valuation of property lying within a conservancy district, constitutes the final and sole source of the preliminary fund defined in section 42 of the Conservancy Act, and is the primary fund from which the general funds of the county or counties constituting such district should be reimbursed for expenses paid out of these funds under authority of that section. [Ed. Note. For other cases, see Counties, Cent. Dig. § 618; Dec. Dig. 160.] 2. COUNTIES 160 · CONSERVANCY DISTRICTS-FUNDS. The board of directors of a conservancy district has no authority or discretion to delay the reimbursement of the general funds of the county or counties constituting such district, for money advanced to the preliminary fund, after the receipt of funds by the district from any source provided by the statute for the raising of revenues for the use and purposes of a conservancy district. [Ed. Note. For other cases, see Counties, Cent. Dig. § 618; Dec. Dig. 160.] Original petition by the State, on the re lation of the Franklin County Conservancy District and others, against H. Sage Valentine, County Auditor. Writ refused. trict, under authority conferred upon it by section 43 of the Conservancy Act of Ohio (104 O. L. 13, 35), for the purpose of paying expenses of organization, for surveys and plans, and for other incidental expenses which might be necessary up to the time money should be received for the use of said conservancy district from the sale of bonds or otherwise. The petition averred that the board of directors of the Franklin county conservancy district, from the date of its organization until the 1st day of March, 1916, had incurred expenses in the sum of $36,018.21, in and about the fulfillment of the purposes for which the district was created and organized, for surveys, engineering expenses, collection of information and data, and other expenses incidental to the administration of said district, all of which expenses were from time to time paid from the general fund of Franklin county, Ohio, upon the several orders of the court of common pleas of Franklin county, Ohio, and entered in the proceedings for the organization of said conservancy district; that said district had not yet received any money whatever from taxes or assessments, bond sales, or otherwise; that said relators had demanded that defendant, as auditor of Franklin county, issue his warrant on the treasurer of Franklin county, payable to said Fred M. Sayre, secretary and ex officio treasurer of the district, for the full amount of $74,149.90, being the full amount of the collection of said assessment then in the treasury to the credit of said conservancy board; and that said defendant had thereupon refused, and still refuses, but withholds from the relator, his warrant for the said proceeds of said assessment, and refuses to issue the same. To this petition the defendant filed an answer, admitting all of the allegations of the petition; and, further answering, averred that at the time of said demand by the board of directors and the secretary and ex officio treasurer of the Franklin county conservancy district this defendant, as county On the 22d day of April, 1916, the state auditor, had reimbursed the general county of Ohio, on relation of the Franklin county fund of Franklin county, Ohio, for the adconservancy district and Fred M. Sayre as vancements made by it in payment of the secretary and ex officio treasurer of the expenses incurred by the directors of the Franklin county conservancy district, filed conservancy district in the fulfillment of the an original petition in this court against H. purposes for which the district was created Sage Valentine, as auditor of Franklin coun- and organized, for surveys, engineering exty, Ohio, praying that a peremptory writ of penses, and other incidental expenses, aggremandamus issue out of this court, directed gating the sum of $36,018.21, and thereupon to the defendant auditor, commanding him to had tendered the said board of the said issue his warrant on the treasurer of Frank- conservancy district and the said Fred M. lin county, Ohio, payable to Fred M. Sayre Sayre, as secretary and ex officio treasurer as secretary and ex officio treasurer of said of the said conservancy district, his warrant conservancy district, for the sum of $74,149.-as auditor of Franklin county, Ohio, for the 90 that sum representing the full amount sum of $38,131.69, being the entire proceeds collected upon an assessment of three-tenths of said collection of three-tenths of a mill of a mill levied by the board of directors levied and collected under the resolution of of the Franklin county conservancy dis- the directors of the conservancy district, less For other cases see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes |