cchesive foil, as outlined above, makes much better operations and lasts longer than cohesive foils.

Dr. T. W. Brophy, Chicago:-I think I am especially fortunate in being with you today to listen to the addresses that have been delivered. The last subject, presented for our consideration, is one that every practicing dentist should be especially interested in. It outlines a course of treatment that enables the skillful operator to more successfully imitate nature than by any other method. I think we all have noticed that sometimes the effect of some of our most trying, difficult and tedious operations; those that are being made at the expenditure of much energy on our part as well as on the part of the patient, although they are really beautiful, they fall short of imitating nature. Now, with the advent of porcelain, we are able to so successfully imitate nature, that only those who are skilled in the work will notice that anything has been done. Large conspicuous gold fillings in the teeth disfigure the mouth, and anything we are able to do in imitating nature should be welcomed with delight on the part of our patients as well as ourselves.

I have no desire to comment upon the crown work being done. Crowns are a great help to us, they enable us to preserve teeth, that otherwise, would have been lost. With our knowledge of porcelain work developed, it removes the necessity in many cases of placing gold in any of the teeth anterior to the molars. Dr. Jenkins, of Dresden, Germany, has done a great work in the developing of this material. I know him quite intimately, and his work is a credit to himself as well as to the profession. Our uses of porcelain are, to a great extent, limited. He goes beyond the steps we take, and restores great sections of teeth. He is removing one of the most objectionable feature of our practice by placing porcelain so as to approxi

mate nature.

Dr. A. O. Hunt, Omaha:-I haven't very much to say in discussing this subject. The particular feature of the paper that interested me more than any other part was the question of inlays. The experience the profession has gone through with in this class of work has been very peculiar. At best, I think it is at present in the experimental stages. The greatest difficulty in the use of these materials is that they are not of sufficient density. They are more cr less porous. More of us like gold better than porcelain inlays.

In the last few years the manufacturers have given us a material that they claim is of the same texture as the artificial teeth. The results from the use of this are beyond anything we have ever had in gold, from the aesthetic standpoint, in preserving teeth that are well organized.

We all know the difficulties we have to contend with in placing fillings in young mouths. Almost every material we use, the teeth disintegrate more or less. My experience with cements has demonstrated the fact that, at least, only a limited amount of disintegration and decay occur where they are used, but they wash away, and have to be constantly replaced. Porcelain inlays are particularly adaptable to this class of patients. We have the benefit of the cement lying against the tooth structure, and there is very little disintegration and breaking down occurring between the porcelain and the tooth structure itself. This porcelain gives a material that will stand any condition that may exist, and seems of great advantage in placing this class of fillings in young teeth. We get the same results with metal inlays in posterior cavities. This kind of operating will give us as good results as any other operation. They are of especial advantage from an aesthetic standpoint. The profession in general has not yet adopted these methods of preserving this class of teeth, but it is moving in that direction, and it will become more and more practiced by the profession, and with satisfactory results. It is one of the things we shall feel, in ten years from now, that we will be absolutely helpless without the use of it.

I

Dr. J. Y. Crawford: I thank the gentleman for presenting the paper. I am very glad indeed to have heard the discussion. noticed that Dr. Corley refers to metal inlays as being especially good practice in large jaw teeth. I am an advocate of inlay work, and would advocate porcelain inlays if I felt that it would ever be oi any special consequence to the profession. I have thought of this from time to time, but I do not believe the dentist will ever succeed in baking that character of porcelain that we can rely upon. I believe there are some that will produce good results, but it will never be used as extensively as the various filling materials in filling cavities of the teeth.

Dr. Bland:-In closing the discussion, I wish to say that my main object in presenting this paper was to bring out some points I was

not familiar with myself. I know very little about porcelain inlay work, and wanted to know what had been done in this direction, and what is best suitable for this class of work. There is great benefit derived from the color of porcelain, but is its durability what it should be?

The subject was passed, and meeting adjourned until 8:30 p. m. The regular business session for Tuesday night was dispensed with, and Dr. T. W. Brophy, of Chicago, entertained the Association with a very interesting and instructive lecture on operations for the closure of cleft palate, hare lip, etc., illustrating same by some very beautiful drawings shown through the projectoscope.

Dr. Brophy's lecture appeared in the Cosmos for April, 1901, under the head of "Surgical Treatment of Palatal Defects."

After the lecture the Association showed their appreciation of Dr. Brophy's efforts by extending him a rising vote of thanks.

SECOND DAY.

The morning hours of the second and third days were devoted to the following clinics, as reported by Dr. T. P. Hinman, Atlanta, Acting Chairman of the Clinic Committee:

Dr. J. A. Chapple, of Atlanta, showed a very ingenious instrument, of his own invention, for the checking of the secretions from the Stenson duct during an operation. He demonstrated the practical use of same by applying it in the mouth of the patient. The instrument consists of a wire spring clamp, flat at the beaks. When applied in the mouth, one beak comes on the outside of the cheek, and the other beak extends over the opening of the duct inside the mouth. Bibulous paper is placed between the beak of the instrument and the opening of the duct. Dr. Chapple claims this to be of great help to him in short operations, such as plastic fillings, keeping abutments for bridges dry, etc.

Dr. W. D. Wells, of Macon, Ga., gave a very interesting and instructive table clinic, illustrating the practical working of the Parker Shot Swager in swaging metal plates, etc.

Dr. W. T. Martin, Yazoo City, Miss., exhibited his intra-alveoli forceps for the extraction of roots of teeth. The beaks of his for

ceps are so shaped as to readily cut and press outward the alveolus as they are pressed down on the root.

Dr. H. H. Johnson, Macon, Ga., demonstrated a method of making porcelain faced crowns that would give the strength of the Richmond crown, without the necessity of having a band showing in front. His method of procedure is to make a band to fit the lingual half of the roots, then fit the disk of gold to the end of the root, as with a Morrison crown, solder the half band to the disk, solder in pin, and proceed the same as with the Richmond

crown.

Dr. Johnson also demonstrated his method of getting an accurate articulation for gold crowns, and also a new method of soldering or filling the cusp. He first fits the band; then solders a cap of thin pure gold over the top, cuts a hole in the center of this; then he takes the bite, stamps the cusp, and tacks the cusp to the band. Next he places on the tooth and lets patient bite into the cusp to verify the articulation, and then fills the cusp through the hole made in the cap.

Dr. John R. Beach, of Clarksville, Tenn., had on exhibition a swaging machine for backing up porcelain facings in crown and bridge work. The instrument is made from two pieces of brass tubing about 3/4 inches in diameter, with guide pins on the upper half, and grooves in the lower, to guide the two pieces in coming together when swaging. Both halves are filled nearly flush with modeling compound, allowing about enough space between them for a facing. The gold is cut the size to fit the facing, holes punched, and placed on the facing; this is then placed in the swager, and the two halves brought together by blow on the upper half, and the gold is adapted perfectly to the facing.

Dr. W. G. Mason, Tampa, Fla., demonstrated a method of his origin for making all gold crowns for the anterior teeth. His method is to select a natural tooth, the size and shape of the one to be crowned, invest it in plaster so as to expose one half, then pour plaster over the other half, separate the plaster, leaving the tooth in one half, pour Melotte's metal over this half, remove tooth to the other half of investment and pour Melotte's metal over this half; then stamp the two halves of the crown, and proceed as with the Hollingsworth system.

Dr. R. B. Adair, of Atlanta, exhibited diseased skulls, showing the different phases of Rigg's diseases, also his new instruments for operating upon this lesion. The surgical treatment was performed on one of these skulls exactly as he does in the living subject, illustrating a method of amputating any root of the posterior teeth and diseased bone in extreme cases. Dr. Adair produced several patients, upon whom he had operated several years ago, showing the success and permanency of his work.

Dr. L. G. Noel, of Nashville, Tenn., gave a clinic showing his method of filling approximal cavities in bicuspids with semi-cohesive gold.

Dr. J. Y. Crawford, of Nashville, Tenn., demonstrated his method of making gold inlays in the mouth of the patient.

Dr. C. L. Alexander, of Charlotte, N. C., presented a patient, in whose mouth he exhibited a number of his beautiful cast metal fillings, made according to his method.

The clinic of Dr. Robert Good, of Chicago, included the treatment of two central incisors, upper. He first washes out the pockets well with sterilized warm water, and, after injecting a 12 per cent solution of Cocaine into the pockets, proceeds to clean the deposits from the teeth with Dr. Younger's Pyorrhoea Instruments. After cleaning off all the deposits, he floods the pockets with C. P. Lactic Acid, warmed. This, he claims, will destroy the diseased tissue in the pockets and start healthy granulations, bringing about a union between the hard and soft parts. An idea of the thoroughness of Dr. Good's work is gotten from the fact that he devoted five hours to the treatment of two incisor teeth. On the handles of the instruments that he uses, he has vulcanite bulbs about half an inch in diameter, which enable him to handle the instruments without cramping the ends of the fingers, and interfering with the sense of touch.

Dr. Sam Rambo, Marietta, Ga., demonstrated a method of filling large cavities with a combination of amalgam and cement by the use of the matrix.

Dr. W. Mitchell, London, Eng., had on exhibition some beautiful specimens of porcelain bridge work, also some teeth he had stained to suit special cases. He advocates the use of gutta percha