TABLE 14.-Relative frequency of offenses against public policy: New York City magistrates' courts, 1901 to 1908.

Offenses against chastity in the aggregate and the special offenses connected with disorderly houses are shown in the following table to have been more prevalent among the crimes of offenders born in France, Germany, Russia, and Italy than among offenders born in the United States. Among the crimes of English, Irish, and Scotch offenders, however, they were less prevalent.

TABLE 15.-Relative frequency of offenses against chastity: New York City magistrates' courts, 1901 to 1908.

In addition to the nationalities shown in the foregoing tables there is one which appears only in the reports of the first division of the city magistrates' courts. This is the Greek. Its absence from the list of nationalities shown by the reports of the second division of the city magistrates' courts makes its inclusion in the tables already analyzed impossible, but the large number of cases accredited to it in the reports of the first division makes it worth while to briefly examine the character of its criminality.

The first division of the city magistrates' courts includes all such courts in the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. During the eight years from 1901 to 1908, inclusive, there came before these courts 26,431 criminal cases in which the defendant was of Greek birth."

Excluding the 199 cases in which the offense was insufficiently defined, a classification of the crimes results as follows:

TABLE 16.-Distribution of crimes of Greeks, Manhattan and the Bronx, city magistrates' courts, 1901 to 1998.

The large proportion of offenses against public policy is striking. It has been shown that offenses against public policy composed only 86.7 per cent of the total specific crimes recorded by the city magistrates' courts of all five boroughs of Greater New York, and that the largest proportion of such offenses found among the crimes of any nationality was 91.3 per cent. The foregoing table, however, shows that of all the offenses of Greeks recorded by the city magistrates' courts of Manhattan and the Bronx such offenses constituted 98.1 per cent. While the criminality of the Greeks in Manhattan and the Bronx can not properly be compared with that of the nationalities whose crimes in all boroughs of Greater New York are analyzed in the preceding pages, the high proportion of Greek offenses against public policy shown by the above figures is none the less notable. Inquiry into the parts played in Greek criminality by various specific offenses brings out the fact that 96.3 per cent of the 26,322 cases shown above consist of only three sorts of crime, namely:

No other offense constitutes as much as 1 per cent of the total criminality.

The most striking thing shown by these figures is that 86 per cent of Greek crimes consisted of violations of corporation ordinances, principally peddling without license. This becomes more remarkable when reference is made to the proportion which violations of corpora

a Only those cases in which the defendant was committed to a penal institution or held for further trial are included.

linances form of the total crimes of each nationality recorded courts of all boroughs of the city. This shows the largest ion to be 39.6 per cent (that of the Italians).

RK CITY COURT OF GENERAL SESSIONS, OCTOBER 1, 1908, TO JUNE 30, 1909.

der to obtain some statistics of crime which would clearly e race of offenders, arrangements were made for the attendthe New York court of general sessions of an agent of the sion, whose business it was to learn the race of each person ed, as well as his nativity. Race was thus made a part of the of each case in which conviction was secured. For a period months-from October 1, 1908, to June 30, 1909-this work ried on.

Histribution of the several classes of crime among the 2,206 regard to which adequate data were obtained, is shown by nativity and race of offender in the following table:

-Distribution of classes of crime: New York court of general sessions, Oct. 1, 1908, to June 30, 1909.

Five of the seven immigrant groups exceeded the American in the proportion of one or more of the offenses of personal violence, as is shown in the following table:

TABLE 13.-Relative frequency of offenses of personal violence: New York City magistrates' courts, 1901 to 1908.

The five immigrant groups whose percentages of one or more offenses exceeded the American were the English, French, German, Italian, and Russian. Of these the Italian exceeded not only the American but all other nationalities in percentage of every offense of personal violence.

Of some one or more offenses against public policy every immigrant group had a larger percentage than the American. Of these offenses in the aggregate every nationality except the Italian exceeded the American in percentage. These facts are shown in detail in the table following.

—Relative frequency of offenses against public policy: New York City magistrates' courts, 1901 to 1908.

es against chastity in the aggregate and the special offenses d with disorderly houses are shown in the following table to

more prevalent among the crimes of offenders born in Germany, Russia, and Italy than among offenders born in ed States. Among the crimes of English, Irish, and Scotch , however, they were less prevalent.

-Relative frequency of offenses against chastity: New York City magistrates' courts, 1901 to 1908.

ion to the nationalities shown in the foregoing tables there ch appears only in the reports of the first division of the trates' courts. This is the Greek. Its absence from the onalities shown by the reports of the second division of the strates' courts makes its inclusion in the tables alread mpossible, but the large number of cases accredited to it of the first division makes it worth while to briefly exa aracter of its criminality.