is made familiar with the properties of the various chemical elements by performing their characteristic tests as laid down in the text-book. He then proceeds to analyze substances, or, in other words, to apply, for the detection of the elements, the characteristic tests he has learned. In this manner he soon becomes expert at detecting even traces of metals, &c. He soon enters upon actual analysis. From simple substances, he proceeds gradually to more difficult ones, until his analyses include the most complicated and difficult mixtures. Accompanying the practical work in the laboratory, full courses of lectures and recitations are given, by which the student is given a clear idea of the theory of the subject. The course concludes with examinations in the theory and practice of analysis. In connection with this study, the use of the microscope and spectroscope is also taught.

In all cases the student works with his note-book at his side, and must note down his work as he proceeds. The analyses are reported immediately after their completion, in printed forms, and filed for reference. The aim of these reports is manifold. Students are compelled to write down a clear and concise account of their experiments. They learn to describe natural phenomena in explicit notes-a very useful and, for the scientific man, an absolutely indispensable acquirement. In reporting, they preserve the three great divisions of experimental science, Experiment, Observation and Inference. Their minds are developed by continual practice in observation, comparison and reasoning, in a way that only actual familiarity with experimental work can effect. The continual striving to express their ideas in a concise and logical form inculcates a thorough idea of system and business habits.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS now begins. While in his former studies. the student has learned how to detect the constituents of a substance, he now learns how to determine their amount. Here he acquires the delicacy and accuracy of quantitative method, in which the slightest speck of matter represents a certain weight, and he becomes familiar with the handling of costly instruments of precision. The student analyzes, at first, compounds of known and fixed composition. As soon as he has acquired the necessary skill and manipulation, he analyzes substances of variable composition, as feldspars, limestones, clays, slags, cast-iron, steels, ores, &c., iron, zinc, nickel, copper, lead, tin, arsenic and antimony, German silver, bronze, type-metal, pig-lead, paints, waters, superphosphates, guanos, milks, sal-soda, acetate of lime, sugars, bone-black, coal, soap, petroleum, flour, wine, poisons, &c. Lectures are given on the general theory of Quantitative Analysis, which explain minutely the methods in use. The students are required to band in once a week a written method, with reference to the text-book, for the analysis of supposed mixtures. These papers are criticised and discussed by the Professor. In this way the student gains an exact and practical knowledge of the whole subject, and is never at a loss

for a method in the analysis of a substance with which he has not had previous analytical experience.

STOICHIOMETRY, the Mathematics of Chemistry, is taught by lectures and black-board exercises. A thorough drill is given in its applications in Quantitative Analysis and Applied Chemistry.

In the practical study of Analysis the student applies the theoretical principles of Chemistry which he has learned in his lectures on General Chemistry. The continual practice in detecting substances by their characteristic appearances under varying conditions and the necessity in every case of rigid experimental proof, become habits applicable to all things in actual life, and give the student a drilling and foundation in practical logical deduction and induction that are of incalculable value to him.

Following analytical work, CHEMICAL PREPARATION is taken up. The student makes a number of pure chemical substances, and tests their purity by analysis. These specimens are labeled with his name and placed in the cabinet of the Chemical Lecture Room. Substances are selected for preparation which will compel the student to do independent reading in order to find out methods to make them. An account is kept of the raw materials given to him, and he endeavors to return as nearly as possible the yield indicated by theory.

The student concludes his course in the laboratory by undertaking an original experimental investigation on some point connected with Theoretical or Applied Chemistry. It is here that his enthusiasm is fully aroused, and his determination and energy display themselves. He handles new substances, invents methods, originates expedients and learns the value and power of discovery.

In this field strenuous efforts are being made toward development, for by this advanced teaching the student can be made to think and act for himself, place confidence in his own powers, and raise himself by original thought and work in the profession he adopts.

The graduates of the Chemical course have obtained excellent positions in manufacturing establishments.

6. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.

In the department of English the students are required to study the history of the English language, the history of English literature, and a selection of English prose and poetry; and to write essays in literary criticism which call for the careful study of the best authors. This is supplemented by a course of systematic private reading prescribed for examination. It is impossible, in the time allotted to this branch, in the short period of a College course, to conduct the student over the entire field of our literature. The course can only aim to create a love for literature, train the student in the critical study of it, and impart so much of the literature itself as will enrich his mind

with the best thought and his speech with the most expressive diction of our mother tongue.

The value of such a course is now fairly recognized, although the course is not found in very many institutions, especially of science, and is of but recent introduction in those in which it has been admitted. Neither our own language nor literature can be safely left wholly to the student himself or to the incidental acquisition which is made in the use of our language in the other departments. A distinct and independent position in the course is necessary to the thorough and systematic study required to make it valuable. It is especially important in a scientific course, from which the ancient classics are excluded. The student is engaged upon the language he is to use in common life. The method of study is that employed in Latin and Greek. The meaning, derivation, history and cognate relations of words; the analysis of sentences and translation into equivalent forms; the exemplification of principles and rules of grammar as well as of logic and rhetoric, are insisted upon in the study. The course is introduced with "Trench on the Study of Words," followed by a study of classic texts. The language engrosses attention in the early stage of the study, the literature itself in the latter. The acquisition of the literature is of equal importance with the linguistic training, and for that the English student, from his more direct access to the literature through his mother tongue, enjoys a great advantage over the student of the literature of the dead languages. When we reflect that English is his own literature, and will form the staple of his reading and the occupation of his leisure in after-life, the importance of laying the foundation in College becomes clearly apparent. No study will more ennoble and refine his taste, imagination and heart. It is pursued with this end in view. A few of the more important classics of the language are critically studied in the class-room, and essays in literary criticism on assigned subjects for private reading are required through the Sophomore year. The history of the literature is studied in connection with the study of the literature itself and is made to grow out of it. The Manual is used as a work of reference.

7. MILITARY.

In October, 1885, Lieutenant John T. Honeycutt, First United States Artillery, reported for duty in this department, in compliance with orders from the Adjutant-General of the Army. The object of the instruction in this department is to give that elementary knowledge which every good citizen should possess, that he may the better aid his country in time of need, and in so doing give such military training and exercise as will add to the health and physique of each student, while contributing something to the general discipline of the College.

8. PHYSIOLOGY, ZOÖLOGY, BOTANY, GEOLOGY.

The course in this department begins with the Freshman year, in which Physiology, Zoology and Botany are taught. The several textbooks are, in all cases, supplemented by illustrated lectures, and in the study of Botany by frequent field excursions for practical work in the analyzing and classification of botanical specimens. In the Junior and Senior years these subjects are still further elaborated and studied in the sciences of Meteorology, Physical Geography and Geology. The course of instruction is planned so as to bring these objects of every-day observation to the continued attention of the student, to teach him the principles of classification and systematic study, and to show their important relations to the successful conduct of the practical affairs of life. The extensive collections of minerals, fossils, geological and botanical specimens, shells, birds, &c., are arranged for study in the Museum of Geological Hall.

9. THE MUSEUM.

The Museum of the College occupies the second and third stories of Geological Hall. There is one large room with gallery and storerooms, at the south end. The cases on the main floor are devoted to the exhibition of geological, mineralogical and metallurgical collections, with the exception of one case containing zoological specimens, and a case of Indian antiquities. The gallery is reserved for the collections of birds and the botanical and conchological specimens.

According to the present arrangement, the cases on the east side on the main floor are occupied by suites of minerals for use in the study of mineralogy, the general collection of minerals and ores and metallurgical products. The cases are constructed so as to exhibit the larger and better specimens on shelves above, and with drawers below in which to store duplicates. The collection of minerals is good, and adequate to the needs of ordinary collegiate instruction in this department. There are many fine specimens from the New Jersey zine mines and other mineral localities.

The paleontological and geological collections are in the west-side cases. One case contains specimens which illustrate the formation and structure of rock masses. In the others the arrangement is according to age, beginning with the oldest and passing on through the successive geological ages to recent time.

The central part of the room is occupied by two cases containing the Beck Cabinet of Minerals, two cases with typical specimens of the rocks and ores of New Jersey, and one case of beautiful quartz crystals from Ellenville, New York. The remains of a mastodon are placed in a case under the gallery at the north end of the room; at

the opposite end are the large and well-preserved footprints in red sandstone, found at Montville, New Jersey.

The collection of native birds is in a case on the gallery. It comprises all the more common species of our State and this part of the Atlantic coast.

For the illustration of Botany, the Herbarium, lately presented to the College by Alfred Cuthbert, of Franklin, Essex county, New Jersey, meets the wants of the course in this branch of Natural History. It contains about twelve hundred species, including the greater number of those occurring in New Jersey, besides a large number of New Mexican plants. The collection of woods which grow in the State occupies a wall case on the gallery.

The conchological cabinet is large and well arranged. It is exhibited in flat table cases running around the gallery.

The Museum has a large amount of material stored and not on exhibition, nor easily accessible, on account of a lack of sufficient case room. The collection of rocks, minerals, ores, &c., which are at present practically useless for purposes of study on the part of the students, would add greatly to those already classified and exhibited in the main room of the Museum. In the Department of Natural History there is urgent need of more material to illustrate Zoology and Ornithology. The Herbarium should also be made fuller, to embrace all the species and varieties of plants and woods growing in our Middle States at least.

Notwithstanding these gaps, the Museum is used more and more each year by students and Professors, and the number of visitors also increases. It is open to visitors every week-day afternoon during term time, and at other times on application to the College janitor.

Valuable donations of specimens are occasionally received from friends and generous patrons.

It is greatly to be desired that the many patrons and friends of the College who have given so generously to make the Museum both useful and attractive, will continue to favor it with their contributions, and that others will come forward and fill up the vacant spaces with collections which shall make the equipment of the College as good as any in the land and equal to the demands of science upon it.

10. THESES.

The students of regular four-year courses are required to hand in at the end of the third term of the Senior year, theses on subjects -connected with their studies. These theses embody also the results of independent work or investigation. Students in the special chemical course are required to hand in at the end of each term a thesis on some subject assigned to them for study. At the end of the summer they prepare a journal of travel or observation, which embodies the