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and agricultural sciences at all colleges and universities. Grants in this category may be used to support programs designed to improve such undergraduate programs through traditional or non-traditional courses, curriculums, or teaching modes. Grants shall be made on a competitive basis and may cover periods not to exceed two years. Competition for such grants shall be open to all colleges and universities or to groups of such institutions which individually or collectively have a capacity for teaching, research, and the dissemination of research results in the food and agricultural sciences or which are establishing such programs.

(b) The Secretary shall conduct a program of predoctoral and postdoctoral fellowships in the food and agricultural sciences. These fellowships shall be made in the following two categories:

(1) Predoctoral fellowships, each for a period of up to four years. The purpose of these fellowships shall be to provide training and increase research capabilities in areas of need as identified by each State. These fellowships shall be awarded on the basis of merit, as determined by review panels established annually by the Secretary, to graduate students from each of the States, if the following criteria are satisfied:

(A) the student is enrolled in a graduate degree program in a college or university; and

(B) the student intends to pursue or is pursuing a course of study in the food and agricultural sciences which is directly related to an area of need as identified by the Governor or chief executive officer of the State.

At least three such fellowships shall be awarded to students from each State in every year.

(2) Postdoctoral fellowships, each for a period of from one to five years. The purpose of these fellowships shall be to attract highly promising investigators to research careers in the basic sciences related to agriculture and to provide stipends and research support for their training and establishment as independent investigators. In making awards under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give priority to individuals doing basic research at colleges and universities.

(c) Funds authorized in section 22 of the Act of June 29, 1935 (49 Stat. 439, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 329), are transferred to and shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture.

(d) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this section $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, $30,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, $35,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, and $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, and not in excess of such sums as may after the date of enactment of this title be authorized by law for any subsequent fiscal year.

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AWARD

SEC. 1418.14 (a) The Secretary shall establish the National Agricultural Research Award for research or advanced studies in the food and agricultural sciences. Two such awards, one for each of the cate

147 U.S.C. 3153.

gories described in subsection (c) of this section, shall be made in each fiscal year.

(b) The awards shall not exceed $50,000 per year for a period of not to exceed three years to support research or study by the recipient. (c) Awards under this section shall be made in each fiscal year in two categories as follows:

(1) to a scientist in recognition of outstanding contributions to the advancement of the food and agricultural sciences; and (2) to a research scientist in early career development or a graduate student, in recognition of demonstrated capability and promise of significant future achievement in the food and agricultural

sciences.

(d) The Secretary may establish such nominating and selection committees, to consist of scientists and others, to receive nominations and make recommendations for awards under this section, as the Secretary deems appropriate.

GRANTS FOR RESEARCH ON THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF ALCOHOLS AND INDUSTRIAL HYDROCARBONS FROM AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND FOREST PRODUCTS, AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM COAL DERIVATIVES

SEC. 1419.15 (a) The Secretary shall make grants under this subsection to colleges and universities, and Government corporations for the purpose of conducting research related to the production and marketing of (1) coal tar, producer gas, and other coal derivatives for the manufacture of agricultural chemicals, methanol, methyl fuel, and alcohol-blended motor fuel (such agricultural chemicals to include, but not be limited to, fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and pesticides), (2) alcohol and other forms of biomass energy as substitutes for petroleum or natural gas, and (3) other industrial hydrocarbons made from agricultural commodities and forest products. The authority to conduct research under paragraph (2) does not include authority to conduct research with respect to technology demonstrations of integrated systems for commercialization of technologies for applications other than agricultural or uniquely rural applications. The Secretary may make grants under this subsection to such colleges, universities, and Government corporations for the purpose of conducting research relating to the development of the most economical and commercially feasible means of collecting and transporting wastes, residues, and byproducts for use as feedstocks for the production of alcohol and other forms of biomass energy. At least 25 per centum of the amount appropriated in any fiscal year for research under paragraph (2) shall be made available for grants under this subsection for research, relating to the production of alcohol, to identify and develop agricultural commodities, including alfalfa, sweet sorghum, black locust, and cheese whey, which may be suitable for such production. At least 25 per centum of the amount appropriated in any fiscal year for research under paragraph (2) shall be made available for grants under this subsection for research relating to the development of technologies for increasing the energy efficiency and commercial feasibility of alcohol

157 U.S.C. 3154. Amended by the Biomass Energy and Alcohol Fuels Act of 1980. Public Law 96-294, section 252. 94 Stat. 705, by expanding paragraph (2) to include all forms of biomass energy, and adding subsection (b).

production, including processes of cellulose conversion and cell membrane technology. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of carrying out the provision of this subsection, $3,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, and such sums as may be necessary for the four subsequent fiscal years ending September 30, 1979, September 30, 1980, September 30, 1981, and September 30, 1982: Provided, That the total amount of such appropriations shall not exceed $24,000,000 during the five-year period beginning October 1, 1977, and ending September 30, 1982, and not in excess of such sums as may after the date of enactment of this title be authorized by law for any subsequent fiscal year: Provided further, That not more than a total of $3,000,000 may be awarded to the colleges and universities of any one State. In addition to the authorization of appropriations provided in the preceding sentence, there is authorized to be appropriated for grants to conduct research described in paragraph (2) and in the third sentence of this subsection $12,000,000 for each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1981; September 30, 1982; September 30, 1983; and September 30, 1984.

(b) For purposes of subsection (a)—

(1) the term "biomass" means any organic matter which is available on a renewable basis, including agricultural crops and agricultural wastes and residues, wood and wood wastes and residues, and animal wastes, except that such term does not include aquatic plants and municipal wastes;

(2) the term "biomass energy" means any gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel produced by conversion of biomass, and energy or steam derived from the direct combustion of biomass for the generation of electricity, mechanical power, or industrial process heat; and (3) the term "municipal wastes" means any organic matter, including sewage, sewage sludge, and industrial or commercial waste, and mixtures of such matter and inorganic refuse

(i) from any publicly or privately operated municipal waste collection or similar disposal system; or

(ii) from similar waste flows (other than such flows which constitute agricultural wastes or residues, or wood wastes or residues from wood harvesting activities or production of forest products).

PILOT PROJECTS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF INDUSTRIAL HYDROCARBONS AND ALCOHOLS FROM AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND

FOREST PRODUCTS

SEC. 1420. [Amendments to Title V of the Rural Development Act of 1972 (86 Stat. 671-675, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 2661-2668) see page 42.]

Subtitle D-National Food and Human Nutrition Research and Extension Program

FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS

SEC. 1421.16 (a) Congress hereby finds that there is increasing evidence of a relationship between diet and many of the leading causes of death in the United States: that improved nutrition is an integral component of preventive health care; that there is a serious need for

16 7 U.S.C. 8171.

research on the chronic effects of diet on degenerative diseases and related disorders; that nutrition and health considerations are impor tant to United States agricultural policy; that there is insufficient knowledge concerning precise human nutritional requirements, the interaction of the various nutritional constituents of food, and differences in nutritional requirements among different population groups such as infants, children, adolescents, elderly men and women, and pregnant women; and that there is a critical need for objective data concerning food safety, the potential of food enrichment, and means to encourage better nutritional practices.

(b) It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United States that the Department of Agriculture conduct research in the fields of human nutrition and the nutritive value of foods and conduct human nutrition education activities, as provided in this subtitle.

DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE

SEC. 1422. In order to carry out the policy of this subtitle, the Secretary shall develop and implement a national food and human nutrition research and extension program that shall include, but not be limited

to

(1) research on human nutritional requirements;

(2) research on the nutrient composition of foods and the effects of agricultural practices, handling, food processing, and cooking on the nutrients they contain;

(3) surveillance of the nutritional benefits provided to participants in the food programs administered by the Department of Agriculture;

(4) research on the factors affecting food preference and habits; and

(5) the development of techniques and equipment to assist consumers in the home or in institutions in selecting food that supplies a nutritionally adequate diet.

RESEARCH BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SEC. 1423.18 (a) The Secretary shall establish research into food and human nutrition as a separate and distinct mission of the Department of Agriculture, and the Secretary shall increase support for such research to a level that provides resources adequate to meet the policy of this subtitle.

(b) The Secretary, in administering the food and human nutrition research program, shall periodically consult with the administrators of the other Federal departments and agencies that have responsibility for programs dealing with human food and nutrition, as to the specific research needs of those departments and agencies.

STUDY

SEC. 1424.19 The Secretary shall perform a study assessing the potential value and cost of establishing regional food and human nutrition

177 U.S.C. 3172.

18 7 U.S.C. 3173. 107 U.S.C. 3174.

research centers in the United States. This assessment shall examine the feasibility of using existing Federal facilities in establishing such centers. The Secretary shall complete this study and submit a report setting forth the findings of the study and recommendations for the implementation of these findings, as a part of the plan the Secretary is required to submit to Congress pursuant to section 1427 of this title, not later than one year after the effective date of this title.

NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAM

SEC. 1425.20 (a) The Secretary shall establish a national education program which shall include, but not be limited to, the dissemination of the results of food and human nutrition research performed or funded by the Department of Agriculture.

(b) In order to enable low-income individuals and families to engage in nutritionally sound food purchasing and preparation practices, the expanded food and nutrition education program presently conducted under section 3 (d) of the Act of May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 373, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 343 (d)), shall be expanded to provide for the employment and training of professional and paraprofessional aides to engage in direct nutrition education of low-income families and in other appropriate nutrition education programs. Funds for carrying out the provisions of this subsection shall be allocated to each State in an amount which bears the same ratio to the total amount to be allocated as the population of the State living at or below 125 per centum of the income poverty guidelines prescribed by the Office of Management and Budget (adjusted pursuant to section 625 of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 (86 Stat. 697, as amended; 42 U.S.C. 2971d)), bears to the total population of all the States living at or below 125 per centum of the income poverty guidelines, as determined by the last preceding decennial census at the time each such sum is first appropriated. To the maximum extent practicable, program aides shall be hired from the indigenous target population. The provisions of this subsection shall not preclude the Secretary from developing educational materials and programs for persons in income ranges above the level designated in this subsection.

NUTRITION EDUCATION MATERIALS

SEC. 1426.21 In order to encourage nutrition education programs in the classrooms and lunchrooms of elementary and secondary schools, the Secretary shall, in consultation with appropriate officers in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, develop and distribute to State departments of education a comprehensive set of educational materials on food and nutrition education which shall be appropriate for all levels of the elementary and secondary education system.

REPORT TO CONGRESS

SEC. 1427.22 The Secretary shall submit a comprehensive plan for implementing the national food and human nutrition research and extension program provided for by this subtitle to Congress within

20 7 U.S.C. 3175. 21 7 U.S.C. 3176 22 7 U.S.C. 3177.

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