extends from Canada to Virginia and westward to the Mississippi. Its caterpillar feeds upon the wild grapevine and woodbine.

Pholus typhon Klug. (Plate XI, figure 5).— This species has a limited distribution, being reported only from Arizona and Mexico. It is a close relative of the Satellite Sphinx (see Color Plate X).

Nessus Sphinx (Amphion nessus Cram. Plate XI, figure 6).—Ranging from Canada to Georgia and thence westward to the Rocky Mountains, this Sphinx is a day flyer. The wild grape is one of its favorite food plants.

Erinnyis caicus Cram. (Plate XI, figure 7). This is a tropical species which occurs occasionally in Florida. It is marked like its close cousin, the Ello Sphinx, which is the commonest of all the Hawkmoths of the American Tropics and has straggled as far north as Canada.

Hog Sphinx (Ampeloeca myron Cram.also known as Darapsa myron. Plate XI, figure 8). The Hog Sphinx is a resident of the Atlantic States, but its range extends as far west as Kansas and Iowa. Its caterpillars feed upon wild and domestic grapevines and the Virginia creeper; but they never become sufficiently numerous to do serious damage, since certain species of ichneumon flies employ them as larders for their own young. The female flies deposit their eggs upon the skin of the young caterpillar. When these hatch the larvæ penetrate the skin of the host, and before the latter has reached maturity are ready to pupate themselves, which they do by weaving little white cocoons on the backs of the caterpillars. Those which escape this parasitization make themselves loose cocoons of closely woven threads of silk, spun under leaves at the surface of the ground, which is the orthodox method of many Hawkmoths.

Alope Sphinx (Erinnyis alope Dru. Plate XI, figure 9).—This is another tropical species which occurs in southern Florida and possesses typical Hawkmoth attributes.

Lesser Vine Sphinx (Pholus fasciatus Sulz. Plate XI, figure 10).—The Lesser Vine Sphinx is quite common in the Gulf States, though more abundant in tropical Latin America. Stragglers of the species have been taken as far north as Massachusetts.

White Birch Under-wing (Catocala relicta Wik. Plate XII, figure 1).-This is one of the Under-wing moths, which have bright colors on the hind wings that do not appear when the insect is at rest. This species frequents the birch trees, and its folded wings perfectly simulate the markings of the birch bark. Its range includes most of the northern Atlantic States area.

Darling Under-wing (Catocala cara Gn. Plate XII, figure 2).-The Darling Under-wing is a native of the Appalachian area. Frequenting the maples as C. relicta frequents the

birches, its forewings are shaded to give it protective coloration when resting on the maple.

Cirrhobolina mexicana Behr. (Plate XII, figure 3). This species has a range extending from Colorado and Texas into Arizona and the plateaus of Mexico. It belongs to that same family of moths, the Noctuidae, which gives us so many of our army worms and cut

worms.

Chalcopasta koebelei Riley (Plate XII, figure 4). This species is an inhabitant of the arid Southwest, Death Valley being included in its range.

Basilodes pepita Gn. (Plate XII, figure 5).This is another of the family of Noctuidae, whose range extends from Pennsylvania to Florida and westward to Colorado.

Syneda hastingsi Edw. (Plate XII, figure 6). This member of the family of Noctuids is found in California and Oregon. The moths fly about in the day, alighting on the ground, when the brilliant colors of the hind wings are hidden and they resemble the dust on which they rest.

Stiria rugifrons Grt. (Plate XII, figure 7).— This species has been found in southern Indiana, Kansas, and Colorado. Little is known about the various stages of its existence.

Erebus odora L. (Plate XII, figure 8).— Compared with many of the lesser Noctuids, this magnificent species, the only one of the genus appearing in the United States, is a charming insect. It occurs quite abundantly in the warm areas around the Gulf of Mexico and is sometimes found as a straggler even as far north as Canada. It is widely distributed throughout tropical America. It does not breed in the United States, our examples all being visitants.

Thurberiphaga diffusa Barn. (Plate XII, figure 9). This is a rare species found in Arizona and New Mexico. The moth flies about the time the wild cotton is in bloom and hides in the flower when resting.

Momophana comstocki Grt. (Plate XII, figure 10). This is a rare species. All of the specimens that have been taken have been found in New York and Canada, but these have been so few that the species is missing from many museums.

Cirrhophanus triangulifer Grt. (Plate XII, figure 11). This member of the Noctuid family is found in the Southern States and also as far north as Pennsylvania.

Ultronia Under-wing (Catocala ultronia Hbn. Plate XII, figure 12).-This species possesses a number of forms, the one shown being perhaps the commonest. It occurs from Canada to Florida and westward to the Great Plains. The moths alight on tree trunks, which the colors of their upper wings resemble.

(Peridroma

Variegated Cutworm Moth margaritosa Haw. Plate XII, figure 13).— This species is one of about a dozen of the genus found in the United States. It is the moth of the common variegated cutworm, so destructive to grass and low vegetation.

Clouded Locust Under-wing (Euparthenos nubilis Hbn. Plate XII, figure 14).-This is a somewhat rare species which occurs from the northern Atlantic States to Arizona. The caterpillars frequent the locust trees and are colored like the bark on which they rest.

Mexican Tiger-moth (Apantesis proxima Guer. Plate XIII, figure 1).-The Mexican Tiger-moth Occurs in southern California, Arizona, Mexico, and Central America. The genus to which it belongs is essentially an American one, there being only two species attributed to it in the Old World. Its family, the Arctiidae, includes more than 2,000 species, being represented in North American life by 38 genera, subdivided into about 120 species.

Leopard-moth (Ecpantheria deflorata Fabr. Plate XIII, figure 2). This species ranges from southern New England into Mexico, being rare in its northern territory and abundant in the southern part of its range. The big black red-banded caterpillar covered with coarse black bristles is very striking but not often found.

Beautiful Utetheisa (Utetheisa bella L. Plate XIII, figure 3).-A visitor to the blossoms of the goldenrod, U. bella is seen in the late summer and fall in the States of the Atlantic seaboard. The only other member of the genus to which it belongs found within the United States is U. ornatrix, which occurs in southern Florida. The larvæ live in open webs, resembling spiders' webs, on wild-indigo and similar plants.

Acraea Moth (Estigmene acraca Dru. Plate XIII, figures 4 and 9).-This moth is one of the most frequently occurring in the Middle Atlantic States. There are several varieties and the two sexes wear different clothes. The larvæ are the brown "woolly bears" so often seen in lawn and garden.

Plate

Colona Moth (Haploa colona Hbn. XIII, figure 5). The Colona Moth is the largest species of its genus. Although found occasionally in the North Atlantic States and more frequently in the South Atlantic group, it is most abundant in the region of which Texas is the center. It occurs in local colonies, abundant where found, absent elsewhere. The species of its genus are noted for their lack of consistency in color reproduction, it being somewhat difficult to find a group of individuals possessed of uniform markings. Heredity clearly has not yet set their colors.

Big Halisidota (Halisidota ingens H. Edw. Plate XIII, figure 6).-This species is found in the Rocky Mountains and in Arizona. It belongs to an extensive genus well represented in Central and South America and containing

about a dozen species within the territory of the United States. It belongs to a group of species the larvæ of which feed on spruce and hemlock.

Spotted Halisidota (Halisidota maculata Harr. Plate XIII, figure 7).-The Spotted Halisidota has a range that covers the northern part of the United States. The black and yellow tufted caterpillars are often seen on willow and alder in the fall.

St. Lawrence Tiger-moth (Hyphoraia parthenos Harr. Plate XIII, figure 8).-The St. Lawrence Tiger-moth belongs to a subarctic genus which is distributed in the subarctic areas of North America, Asia, and Europe. The present species occurs most frequently in the St. Lawrence Valley, northern New England, and westward to Manitoba. Occasionally it is found in the Catskills.

Painted Arachnis (Arachnis picta Pack. Plate XIII, figure 10).-This species is found in Colorado, southern California, and northern Mexico. The food plants of its caterpillars are the lupines and their relatives, though they are rather general feeders on low plants. The caterpillars are black covered with dense spiny hairs.

Virgin Tiger-moth (Apantesis virgo L. Plate XIII, figure 11).-The Virgin Tigermoth is a resident of the northern Atlantic States and Canada. The cream-colored stripes on the black wings made the pioneer American entomologist, T. W. Harris, think of a horse's leather harness, and he named one species of the genus phalerata "harnessed."

Showy Holomelina (Eubaphe ostenta Hy. Edw. also known as Holomelina ostenta. Plate XIII, figure 12).-As its name implies, the Showy Holomelina is a splendidly colored insect. It has been found in Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and across the Rio Grande. Little is known of its life history.

Isabella Tiger-moth (Isia isabella A. & S. Plate XIII, figure 13).—The Isabella Tigermoth is the adult of the clipped woolly bear, the fore part of whose body is covered with black hairs, as is also the tail, but the third quarter of which wears a beautiful surcingle of red, all the hairs of the same length. Lutz says that experiments made by him indicated that those which appear after wet spells wear more black than those which follow dry weather, but this surmise is doubtful.

Crimson-bodied Lichen-moth (Lerina incarnata Bdv. Plate XIII, figure 14). This species is a resident of Arizona and Mexico and is so different from all other species that a special genus was set up by classifiers for its accommodation.

Milk-weed Moth (Euchaetias egle Dru. Plate XIII, figure 15).-The Milk-weed Moth claims most of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains as its territory. Its pretty caterpillars are tufted with black, white, and orange, and may be found, many together, on

the backs of milkweed leaves, their favorite food. Be careful when you turn the leaf or they will all drop off.

Ranchman's Tigermoth (Platyprepia virginalis Bdv. Plate XIII, figure 16).- Occupying what was formerly the cowboy country of the West, this species came by its name of Ranchman's Tiger-moth quite naturally. It is common in Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana, and is found in the latitude of these States to the Pacific coast. The larvæ are found in grass and garden. They look like our "woolly bears," but the hair is softer.

Fall Web-worm Moth (Hyphantria cunea Dru. Plate XIII, figure 17).The range of the Fall Web-worm Moth extends from southern New England to Texas and westward. Its larvæ spin great webs in the foliage of almost all kinds of deciduous trees in the summer and fall, and do much damage to shade trees in nurseries and orchards, the apple and the ash being among its favorites. There is a considerable variation in the markings of both larvæ and adults. The pupa weaves a loose cocoon and hibernates in crevices of brick, porous soil, etc. The eggs are laid in flat masses on the under side of leaves.

Arctia americana Harr. (Plate XIII, figure 18).This species occurs in Canada, New England, and northern New York, the caterpillars much resembling those of the Ranchman's Tiger-moth. It is closely allied to its European representative, Arctia caja of Linnæus.

Adelocephala isias Bdv. (Plate XIV, figure 1). This species is found in northern Mexico and southern Texas. The food plant of its caterpillar is the mesquite.

White-lined Syssphinx (Adelocephala albolineata G. & R.-also known as Syssphinx albolineata, Plate XIV, figure 2). The Whitelined Syssphinx is a native of Mexico and Central America which is occasionally en

countered in the region immediately north of the Rio Grande.

Honey-locust Moth (Adelocephala bicolor Harr. Plate XIV, figure 3).-The Honeylocust Moth has a range that embraces the area from the Great Lakes southward to Georgia and Kansas. Its caterpillars find the honeylocust and the Kentucky coffeetree especially to their taste. They are green, with silver and red thornlike horns.

Royal Walnut-moth (Citheronia regalis Fabr. Plate XIV, figure 4).-The Royal Walnut-moth is one of the most attractive of our larger scaly wings. Its caterpillar, on the