Table 5.-SUMMARY OF FEDERAL ALLOCATIONS FOR THE EDUCATION OF VETERANS, FOR THE 1950-51 SCHOOL YEAR

Table 6.-SUMMARY OF FEDERAL FUNDS ALLOTTED TO THE STATES FOR EDUCATION, FOR THE 1950-51 SCHOOL YEAR

State or Territory

Total..

Alabama
Arizona

Arkansas.

California.

Colorado.

Connecticut.
Delaware.

Florida..
Georgia

Idaho..

Illinois.

Indiana

Iowa..

Kansas

Kentucky.

Louisiana.

Maine.

Maryland.

Massachusetts.
Michigan...

Minnesota.

Mississippi.
Missouri.

Montana
Nebraska..

Nevada

New Hampshire.
New Jersey..
New Mexico.
New York..

North Carolina..
North Dakota.
Ohio.

Oklahoma.
Oregon.

Pennsylvania
Rhode Island.
South Carolina.
South Dakota.
Tennessee.

Texas.

Utah..

Vermont..

Virginia

Washington..

West Virginia.
Wisconsin
Wyoming...

District of Columbia

National_.
Canal Zone.
U. S. Possessions.
Foreign countries..

Unallotted...

17,315,894.48

1,715,839.14

3,027,154.47

609.482.57 2,931,944.82 82,581,195.92 5,872,844.07

55,600,670.98

11,996,100.39

811,971.52

101,503,244.25

7,456,103.72 44,349,512.40 2,958,094.78 33,152,988.44. 2,373,753.64 20,105,827.34 2,404,377.70 48,667,621.70 3,916,029.73

91,551,661.66

1,612,027.49 606,602.19 3,650,454.96 53,079,324.07 2,537,426.76 58,762,343.44 6,027,419.89

7,303,250.55 31,242,964.63

71,503,523.88

38.536,699.02 1,494,783.69
2,112,208.27
79,294,797.46] 5,352,232.26
10,001,778.94 984,380.99
22,644,512.85 1,335,573.58

2,258,269.25

959,849.84

5,552,400.09 48,992,578.51

587,273.08 2,103,705.69

14,816,534.79 1,887,442.24 182,428,328.71

6,376,593.50

$2,550,642,812.95 $171,719,847.34 $161,658,175.90 $2,120,215,751 897,049,038.71

81,395,559.66 2,904,300.19
12,904,535.23 2,351,366.76
54,126,374.83 2,311,635.89
140,436,289.04 18,532,373.75
29,847,606.14 1,551,945.56

5,681,687.47
1,075,069.47
4,472, 525.94
7, 172, 919.01
1,509, 850.58

Funds administered by the USDA (table 4)

21,510.814.30 2,023,332.20
34,825,269.13 2,102,656.90
5,413,373.34 590,134.01

30,395,762.41

835,534.41

5,330,700.00

73,296,505.58
1,642,641.00
37,633,725.58
38,194,349.00

0
5,127,765.55

0

71,849.25

0

4

1,162,101.34

370,383.90 2,541, 539.16 5,520, 761.81 1,029, 270.87

5, 270, 580.53 3,386, 710.62 2,787, 460.80 2,334, 256.64 4,957,690.97

5,784, 156. 17

998, 814.36 1,593, 449.67 3, 142, 195.31 5,446,447.55

3,282, 731.33
4,719, 298.61
3,887, 291.20
722,929.95
1,495,922.27

318,979.41 656,498.01 2,318, 916.82 1,346, 129.55 7,676,850.21

6,932, 226.41
1,033, 144.44
6,615, 559.54
3,899, 936.48
1,618, 770.38

5,655, 470.09

574,725.88 4,521, 993. 17

888,084.99 5,878,715.92

8,835,067.56
1,257, 162.36
583, 291.16
4,041, 376. 16
2,246, 238.70

Funds for the
education of
veterans
(table 5)

2,871,036.10
3,367, 607.23
545,817.52

257,684.00

299,967.00

0 6,999,032.03

0

71,849.25

Other Federal funds for education (chs. IV and VI)

16,616, 446
29,355, 005
4,263, 540

26,532,049

2,770,495.00

0

0 67,665,838.58 1,642,641.00 23,040, 741 2,466,187.00 15,767,910 22,426,439.00

0

GENERAL AND SPECIAL AIDS FOR EDUCATION

Federal grants for education made to the States beginning in 1802 were for the express purpose of establishing and supporting common schools. This kind of aid is usually regarded as general aid since it is to be used for the general program of public education and does not specify a particular service or some limited part of the educational program for which it must be used. Other types of Federal aid, including early grants to universities, to seminaries of learning, and to normal schools are considered to be special aids because of the special purposes described in the congressional enactments.1

Both classes of Federal aid were approved in early legislation, but in the years following those first grants, Congress has given much more attention to special aids than to assistance for the general program of education. Now, in the middle of the twentieth century, after years of experience with special aids, it appears that national attention is turning to general aids again. Evidence of this is to be found in the many bills which have been introduced in recent years, proposing Federal aid for the total program of education, to be used as directed by State and local boards of education.

This Federal trend in authorizing general and special aids for education is similar to the development in many State aid programs. Early State aids were general and were allocated to all school districts in proportion to census figures. They were intended to help with the establishment and operation of a total program of education without specifying certain preferred subjects or particular elements of the educational services. Later, special aids for well-defined and limited purposes were approved, and they increased in number. Some States had as many as 30 or 40 of these special aids to promote specific purposes or to support school functions which might otherwise be neglected. State legislatures designated certain items of the local school budgets to be assisted by the State money. Some of these special purposes are listed here to indicate the extent that State appropriations for education have offered assistance to local boards of education in planning school budgets.

1 Keesecker, Ward W. Digest of Legislation Providing Federal Subsidies for Education (Office of Education Bulletin 1930, No. 8). Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1930.

Special Purposes for Which State Legislatures Appropriate Funds to Local School Districts

Teacher sick leave

Abandoned building aid
Additional aid

Teacher training

Board and lodging for
pupils

Consolidation of schools
Deficiencies in budgets
Discretionary aid

Emergency aid

Equalizing aid

Free textbooks
Indebtedness

Military camp grants
Miscellaneous subsidies
School health

Pupil testing

Capital outlay aids

Building repairs
Capital outlay

Lunchroom equipment
Plant rehabilitation
Projection equipment
School busses
School garages

Education of specific

groups

Army camp children
Classes for the blind

Classes for the deaf

Crippled children
Dependent children
Federal wards

Foster home children
High-school tuition
Home instruction
Isolated pupils
Kindergartens
Mentally handicapped
Nurseries

Precocious pupils
Physically handicapped
Speech-defectives
State wards

Subnormal pupils

Transportation of handi

capped

Tuition for orphans

Vocational rehabilitation

A reversal of this trend on appropriating special amounts for particular purposes has now been noted. Recently, State legislatures have been enacting foundation program laws which provide State funds for comprehensive programs of education without specifying amounts for certain items of the budgets. More and more, legislatures are depending upon the local boards of education to approve reasonably proportioned budgets. Under this trend toward a preference for general aids, the special aids in many States are declining in number and amount.

Federal funds for education allotted in the years following the early granting of lands were limited chiefly to those for education of college grade. Since 1917, however, funds have been provided regularly for vocational education at the secondary school level

and, after 1933, emergency funds were provided for various levels, including nursery, kindergarten, elementary, secondary, higher, and adult education. These Federal aids have been for special purposes which were well-defined in the congressional acts. The remainder of this bulletin is devoted to a presentation of the various aids for education allocated by the Federal Government during the 1950-51 and 1951-52 school years.