Microbial Pest ControlA complete overview of the technologies and products for microbial-based pest control. It documents the use of genetically altered Bt and transgenic crops, microbial formulations, and synergistic interactions of microbials with synthetic chemicals, as well as the management of Bt foliar applications and Bt genes in transgenic crops. The book includes case studies and pathogen, products and manufacturers indices. |
Contents
1 Introduction | 3 |
2 Production of Bt | 9 |
3 Classification and Nomenclature of Bt | 13 |
4 Bt Crystal Proteins and Genes | 16 |
5 Insecticidal Activity | 21 |
6 Mode of Action | 24 |
7 Persistence | 16 |
8 Safety and Ecotoxicology of Bt | 18 |
4 Biological Control of Aerial Plant Diseases | 167 |
5 Control of PostHarvest Decay of Fruits and Vegetables | 170 |
6 Biological Control with Trichoderma Species | 172 |
7 Biological Control with Fluorescent Pseudomonads | 175 |
8 Production of Biofungicides | 176 |
9 Formulation of Biofungicides | 177 |
10 Concluding Remarks | 179 |
Bioherbicides | 185 |
9 Concluding Remarks | 20 |
Bacterial Insecticides for Crop and Forest Protection and Insect Vector Control | 29 |
2 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki | 30 |
3 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis | 40 |
4 Bacillus sphaericus | 46 |
5 Concluding Remarks | 55 |
Genetically Modified Bt Strains and Bt Transgenic Plants | 63 |
2 Novel Bt Strains Through Conventional Genetic Techniques | 64 |
3 Recombinant DNA Technology | 67 |
4 InsectTolerant Transgenic Crop Plants | 75 |
5 Concluding Remarks | 81 |
Formulation of Bacterial Insecticides | 87 |
2 Characteristics of Microbial Insecticide Formulations | 88 |
3 Formulation Attributes Having Impact on Efficacy of Bacterial Insecticides | 89 |
4 Commonly Used Formulations of Bt | 97 |
5 Improved Bt Formulations | 98 |
6 TargetSpecific TailorMade Formulations of Bacterial Larvicides | 102 |
7 Efficient Delivery is Equivalent to Effectiveness at Low Dose | 104 |
Insect Resistance to Bt Toxins | 109 |
2 Resistance to Bt toxins in Lepidoptera | 110 |
3 Synergistic Interactions of Btisraelensis Toxins and Effect on Resistance Development | 116 |
4 Insect Resistance to B sphaericus | 118 |
6 Concluding Remarks | 126 |
Viral Insecticides Biofungicides Bioherbicides and Mycoinsecticides | 131 |
Natural and Recombinant Viral Insecticides | 133 |
3 Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Insect Control | 143 |
4 Concluding Remarks | 149 |
Biofungicides | 153 |
2 Biological Control of SoilBorne Diseases | 155 |
3 Soilborne Diseases | 162 |
2 Fungal Bioherbicides | 186 |
3 Bacterial Bioherbicides | 189 |
4 Environmental Limitations for Efficacy of Bioherbicides | 190 |
5 Production of Bioherbicides | 191 |
7 Formulation of Bacterial Bioherbicides | 194 |
Mycoinsecticides | 197 |
2 Mode of Action | 199 |
3 Production of Mycoinsecticides | 201 |
4 Formulation of Mycoinsecticides | 203 |
5 Concluding Remarks | 207 |
Integrated Use and Commercialization of Biopesticides | 209 |
Integrated Use of Biopesticides and Synthetic Chemical Pesticides | 211 |
2 Integrated Use of Biofungicides | 212 |
3 Integrated Use of Bioherbicides | 217 |
4 Integrated Use of Bioinsecticides | 220 |
5 Concluding Remarks | 226 |
Commercialization of Biopesticides | 231 |
2 Commercialization Aspects | 233 |
3 Commercialization of Biofungicides | 236 |
4 Commercialization of Bioherbicides | 238 |
5 Commercialization of Bioinsecticides | 240 |
6 Commercialization of PestResistant Crops | 243 |
7 Concluding Remarks | 247 |
Glossary and Product Manufacturer Pathogen and Subject Indices | 251 |
Glossary | 253 |
Product Index | 263 |
Manufacturer Index | 269 |
Pest and Pathogen Index | 273 |
Subject Index | 281 |
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Common terms and phrases
8-endotoxin AcNPV antagonistic Appl application Bacillus sphaericus bacterial bacterium baculoviruses Barjac beetle bioassay biocontrol agents biofungicides bioherbicides bioinsecticides biological control biopesticides biotechnology Botrytis cinerea Bt strains Bt subsp Bt toxins Bt-kurstaki budworm cell chemical pesticides Coleoptera Colorado potato beetle commercial conidia control agents corn borer cotton crops cry genes Cry proteins Cry1C Cry3A Cry4B Cryl Ac Culex diamondback moth Ecogen effective efficacy enhanced Entomol environment environmental feeding fermentation field Figure formulation fungal fungal bioherbicides fungi fungicides fungus Fusarium genetically engineered germination harzianum Heliothis herbicides ingested insect insecticidal insecticidal activity interactions israelensis larvae larvicidal Lepidoptera membrane Microbial Insecticides Microbiol microorganisms midgut mode of action molecular mosquito larvae mycoherbicides Mycoinsecticides nutrients organisms parasporal pathogens pest control pesticides Phytophthora plant pathogens plasmid potato potential powder protoxin Pseudomonas Pythium receptor recombinant seed serotype soil species spores sporulation spray susceptible synergistic target toxic Trichoderma virus viruses weed