PROCEEDINGS of the FIRST PAN-PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE Under the Auspices of the PAN-PACIFIC UNION Honolulu, Hawaii BERNICE P. BISHOP MUSEUM SPECIAL PUBLICATION NUMBER 7, PART II, 1921 Honolulu, Hawaii PART II Page The program of experimental volcanology. By T. A. Jagger, Jr. 309 The chemistry of the Pacific volcanoes. The limitations of our Floor of the depths of the Pacific Ocean, with reference to volcanic topography and volcanic or seismic disturbances. A program for the study of the volcanoes of the Aleutian region. By Robert F. Griggs...... Suggestions for the study of volcanoes. Report by Henry S. Earthquake zones of the Pacific. By Fusakichi Omori. “Regional" versus "world" seismology in relation to the Pacific Status of the seismological work in the Pacific. By Otto Klotz 397 Seismology in Australia. By E. F. Pigot and L. A. Cotton....... 409 Earthquake faults in Australia. By C. A. Sussmilch. Hawaiian earthquakes. By T. A. Jaggar, Jr................. Seismical phenomena at Samoa. By G. Angenheister. Earthquakes and volcanoes of the Philippine Islands. By Miguel Research in geodetic work in the Pacific. By William Bowie.. 452 Survey of shoreline and coastal waters. By J. T. Watkins.... 464 Magnetic surveys in Australia. By J. M. Baldwin... The general scientific and practical problems of ocean magnetic (c) Page Ocean currents and isostasy. By William Bowie.. Ocean currents and geological change. By Henry S. Washington 504 Ocean currents in relation to organisms.. Ocean currents, the prime factor in the distribution of marine mollusks on the west coast of America. By Paul Bartsch.. 505 Influence of ocean currents on the distribution of fish. By H. F. The biological aspects of ocean currents. By T. C. Frye.... Dispersal of plants by ocean currents. By William E. Safford 535 Preliminary statistical studies of marine phytoplankton of the San Diego region, California. By W. E. Allen... Effect of upwelling water upon the organic fertility of the sea in the region of Southern California. By Ellis L. Michael.. 555 The science of oceanography. By George F. McEwen. Oceanography around Australia. By Geo. W. Halligan. (d) PAPERS ON VOLCANOLOGY THE PROGRAM OF EXPERIMENTAL VOLCANOLOGY BY T. A. JAGGAR, JR. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AS DEVELOPED IN HAWAII By "experimental volcanology" is meant the study and measurement of live volcanic processes in the field and the investigation of these processes by the experimental method. The tradition of "experimental geology" is so woven about laboratory experiments imitative of geological processes, that it is well at the start to define the new volcanology as a field science. The writer's experience passed from descriptive geology to experimental geology, and from experimental geology to the field study of physical processes, and he is convinced by that experience that the whole future of geology, and its awakening to the dignity of being reckoned a quantitative science, depends on the progress of geophysics. By geophysics is meant the measured physics of the geoid, the processes of air and water, and the work of gravity, seismicity, magnetism and atomic energy through reactions in and on the terrestrial globe. The geophysical observatory now takes rank with the observatories of astronomy, and like them grows increasingly specialized. In volcano science we have to deal with description of events, quantitative measurement and pictorial record, charting and diagraming of changes, registration of seismicity, and experimental investigation of gases, waters, lavas, salts, sublimates, temperatures, viscosities, pressures and soundings. The volcano observatory must so coordinate its work in repose periods and its work during eruption as to be always busy and never hysterical. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory was proposed and planned eleven years ago, and began work in 1911 with temperature measurements and published weekly bulletins, accompanied by photographic illustrations and seismologic data dealing with the lava pit of Kilauea Volcano. From very modest beginnings it has grown a little, but it is still a very small establishment, owned by the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, and operated by the United States Weather Bureau. |