COMMUNICATIONS.

RAILROADS.

Portland is served by three railroads; the Grand Trunk, the Maine Central, and the Boston & Maine. It also has a belt line system owned by the Portland Terminal Co.

The Grand Trunk Railway line from Montreal is used primarily to bring export traffic into Portland. It enters at the northern end of the city, across the mouth of Back Cove, and follows the waterfront to its terminals at the easterly end of Commercial Street. The main freight yards and car and engine facilities are located at East Deering, north of Back Cove. Coal pockets are maintained at the East Deering end of the bridge. The Grand Trunk connects with the Portland Terminal Co. at Portland Junction, which is at the Portland end of the bridge.

The Maine Central Railroad, whose headquarters are at Portland, operates two divisions: The Mountain Division through the White Mountains to St. Johnsbury, Vt., with a line north into the Province of Quebec; and the Portland Division to Lewiston, Augusta, Bangor, and other cities north and east of Portland.

The Boston & Maine Railroad has a line from Portland to Boston via Portsmouth, and another from Portland to Boston, via Dover, and it also operates the Worcester, Nashua and Portland Division.

There are also two electric freight and passenger lines entering Portland, viz: The Androscoggin Electric Co., and the Cumberland County Power & Light Co.

Belt line facilities extend entirely around the city, making use of the Portland Terminal Co.'s tracks west of Union Wharf on Commercial Street; thence via the Portland Terminal Co.'s freight yards, the Union Station, and the line around the northerly side of the city to Portland Junction. From this point the Grand Trunk tracks may be used along the water front through the terminal yard near the Grand Trunk Station and the wharves along Commercial Street to Union Wharf. Thus it is possible to transfer cars between all of the railroads entering Portland and any wharf on the water front. The Portland Terminal Co. owns all the terminal property formerly controlled by the Boston & Maine and the Maine Central Railroads in Portland and vicinity, including tracks, wharves, and other facilities in Portland, South Portland, and Westbrook.

Railroad rates.-On export traffic originating at points north of the Ohio River and west of a line drawn through Buffalo, New York, Pittsburgh, Pa., and Huntington, W. Va., Portland has the

e

same rates as Boston and New York, and similar rates also apply to St. John, New Brunswick, while the rate to Halifax is 1 cent per 100 pounds higher. It should be noted, however, that these export rates do not apply to Portland over a number of important railroads, including the trunk lines which have their terminals at New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. On these roads the domestic rates apply to Portland, thus establishing a differential against Portland on export business from the West as compared with New York and Boston, except from territory served by the Grand Trunk Railway and its connections. The rates to Philadelphia are 2 cents lower and to Baltimore 3 cents lower on most commodities than to Portland, Boston, and New York. On export grain the difference in favor of Philadelphia is 1 cent and Baltimore 1 cents. On import traffic the Grand Trunk Railway quotes low rates in order to meet the competition of Canadian ports and lines and this competition gives Portland rates on import traffic which are on substantially the same basis as those of Baltimore.

On domestic business from the West, Boston and Portland take the same rates, which are higher than those to New York. Montreal takes the New York rates on domestic business from the West, but it takes the Philadelphia rates on through export traffic. The following table shows the rate disadvantages of Portland as an outlet for traffic from the West, via American lines.

First-class rates to Atlantic ports from points named below and points taking same rates via lake and rail, or rail, lake, and rail.

[Rates in cents per 100 pounds.]

1 Not applicable via Baltimore & Ohio, Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh, Central of New Jersey, Delaware & Hudson, Delaware, Lackawanna, & Western, Erie, Lehigh Valley, New York Central, New York, Ontario & Western, Pennsylvania R. R., Philadelphia & Reading, Western Maryland, and West Shore Railroads.

First-class all-rail rates to Atlantic ports from points named below and points taking the same rates.

1 Export rates to Portland, Me., do not apply via Baltimore & Ohio, Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh, Central of New Jersey, Delaware and Hudson, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, Erie (lines east), Lehigh Valley, Maine Central, New York Central (east), New York, Ontario & Western, Pennsylvania R. R., Philadelphia & Reading, Western Maryland, and West Shore. Export rates to Portland via these lines are the same as those applying on domestic traffic.

Export class rates to Atlantic ports from Chicago, Ill., and points taking same rates, via

all-rail.

1 Export rates to Portland, Me., do not apply via Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad, Central Railroad of New Jersey, Delaware & Hudson Railroad, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, Erie Railroad (line east), Lehigh Valley Railroad, Maine Central Railroad, New York Central Railroad (East), New York, Ontario & Western Railroad, Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia & Reading Railway, Western Maryland Railroad, nor West Shore Railroad. Export rates to Portland via these lines are the same as those applying on domestic traffic.

Domestic class rates to Atlantic ports from Chicago, Ill., and points taking same rates, via

all-rail.

Rates on cotton piece goods via all-rail to Atlantic ports from points named below and

points taking the same rates.

[Rates in cents per 100 pounds.]

From

To

Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, Louisville, St. Louis,

Pa.

Ohio.

Ohio.

1 Export rates to Portland, Me., do not apply via Baltimore & Ohio, Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh, Central of New Jersey, Delaware & Hudson, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, Erie (lines east), Lehigh Valley, Maine Central, New York Central (east), New York, Ontario & Western, Pennsylvania R. R., Philadelphia & Reading, Western Maryland, and West Shore. Export rates to Portland via these lines are the same as those applying on domestic traffic.

Rates on paper, news print, via all-rail to Atlantic ports from points named below and points taking the same rates.

1 Export rates to Portland, Me., do not apply via Baltimore & Ohio, Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh, Central of New Jersey, Delaware & Hudson, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, Erie (lines east), Lehigh Valley, Maine Central, New York Central (east), New York, Ontario & Western, Pennsylvania R. R., Philadelphia & Reading, Western Maryland, and West Shore. Export rates to Portland via these lines are the same as those applying on domestic traffic.

The following shows the rail rates from points in Maine to Portland, Boston, and New York:

Comparison of first-class freight rates from Maine points.