The mean annual temperature, covering a period of 48 years, is 45.4° Fahrenheit. During 1919 the maximum temperature was 98° on July 4 and the minimum 10° on December 18.

There is no regular rainy season. The mean annual precipitation is 42.63 inches. During 1919 the total precipitation was 37.25 inches.

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual.

The health conditions of the harbor are good, and there is no season when unsanitary conditions prevail.

BRIDGES.

Fore River is crossed by four bridges, as follows:

Portland Bridge, which is nearest the mouth of the harbor, is a highway and street-railway bridge with a single opening 100 feet wide and a headroom of about 30 feet at high water when closed; it is opened to vessels on signal between 5 a. m. and 7 p. m. from October 1 to April 1, and between 4 a. m. and 8 p. m. from April 1 to October 1, and at other hours on notification to the draw tender.

Boston & Maine lower bridge is one-fourth mile above Portland Bridge. It has a center pier draw, both openings 60 feet wide, and a headroom of 6 feet at high water when closed.

Vaughan Bridge, 13 miles above Portland Bridge, has a center pier draw, both openings 60 feet wide, and a headroom of 5 feet at high water when closed; it is opened on a signal of five blasts at any time on week days between 7 a. m. and 5 p. m. from October 1 to April 1, and between 6 a. m. and 6 p. m. for the remainder of the year, and on Sunday or at other hours on previous notice to the draw tender.

The upper Boston & Maine Railroad bridge is 14 miles above Portland Bridge and has a swing draw with a single opening 40 feet wide.

The entrance to Back Cove is crossed by two bridges, as follows: Grand Trunk Railroad bridge has a center pier draw with a single opening 88 feet wide and a headroom of 5 feet at high water when closed.

Tukey Bridge is a center pier draw with one clear opening 67 feet wide and a headroom of 5 feet at high water when closed.

HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS.

The improvement of Portland Harbor by the United States was initiated in 1836, when Congress authorized the construction of a breakwater on the southerly side of the harbor entrance. This breakwater is 1,900 feet long and affords protection to the wharves and channel in the lower part of the harbor.

The existing project for improvement of the harbor by the United States provides for the removal of two ledges in the main ship channel to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water; for a channel 35 feet deep at mean low water from deep water to above the wharves of the Grand Trunk Railway, with a depth of 30 feet in Fore River up to the upper Boston & Maine Railroad bridge; for a 30-foot anchorage area off the easterly end of the city, and a channel 30 feet deep from this anchorage to the Grand Trunk bridge at the mouth of Back Cove, 14 feet deep from the bridge to Tukey Bridge, and 12 feet deep to the head of Back Cove. On June 30, 1920, all of this work had been completed except the removal of the two ledges in the main ship channel.

The controlling width of Front Harbor is 1,100 feet and the controlling depth up to Franklin Wharf is 35 feet at mean low water. Above Franklin Wharf there is a channel depth of 30 feet. There is no bar at the entrance to this harbor. The channel to Back Cove has a depth of 30 feet at mean low water up to the Grand Trunk Railway bridge. The main channel depths are sufficient for large freight vessels, and the port is used to a considerable extent by trans-Atlantic liners, drawing from 26 to 34 feet, which call at the wharves of the Grand Trunk Railway.

OWNERSHIP OF WATER FRONT.

There are no publicly owned wharves on the main harbor front of Portland, but a wharf for handling bulk material is now being constructed on Back Cove. To insure the future growth of the port and provide the facilities needed for commerce originating in or destined for points in northern New England, the acquisition of an adequate deep water frontage by the State of Maine, or the city of Portland, and the construction thereon of modern facilities for handling traffic are indispensable.

TERMINAL IMPROVEMENTS.

The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, which adopted the 35-foot project requires that assurances shall be given that adequate berthing space for deep-draft vessels, affording a depth of not less than 35 feet at low water of spring tides, shall be provided by local interests within a reasonable time. These assurances were given and received the approval of the Secretary of War August 27, 1917. The Maine Harbor Commission has approved a plan for the construction of a public State pier at an estimated cost, including site, of $1,500,000. The pier, as proposed, is to be 1,000 feet long and will be located on the site now occupied by Galt and Franklin Wharves. The site has been purchased and a bond issue is now being made to finance the construction of the pier. Before selecting the site the harbor commission requested the advice of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, and a committee of the board visited Portland for this purpose.

PORT ADMINISTRATION.

The control of the harbor is vested in a State board known as the Commissioners of Harbor and Tidal Waters of Portland. The board consists of four commissioners, who are appointed by the governor for a term of three years. The examination and licensing of pilots are under the control of the board, but port wardens are chosen by the Portland Chamber of Commerce, through the governor.

PORT CUSTOMS AND REGULATIONS.

FEDERAL ACTS AND REGULATIONS.

General regulations.-The port is open from 7 a. m. to 6 p. m. Vessels may discharge cargo before sunrise and after sunset only upon issuance of special permit by customs office. Vessels are visited at anchorage for quarantine or sanitary inspection. Vessels may clear between the hours of 7 a. m. and 6 p. m. Clearance is effected by agents or masters.

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.

Quarantine. A new quarantine station has recently been completed on House Island, and vessels subject to visitation do not go above until they have been granted pratique.

CERTIFICATE OF DISCHARGE FROM NATIONAL QUARANTINE.

has in all respects complied with the quarantine regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, and that the vessel, cargo, crew, and passengers are, to the best of my knowledge and belief, free from quarantinable diseases or danger of conveying the same. Said vessel is this day granted

free

provisional

pratique.

1. Rat guards of an accepted design to be placed on all lines leading from the vessel. 2. Gangways to be raised at night or lighted and watched. 3. Vessel to be fumigated after discharge of cargo.

Surgeon.

Hospitals. The marine hospital is at the mouth of the Presumscot River, 1 mile from the city. The hospital is in charge of an officer of the United States Public Health Service.

Maine General Hospital, Arsenal Street.

Eye and Ear Infirmary, Arsenal Street.
Several private hospitals.

Purchase of narcotic drugs.—As authorized by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue; with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, opium or coca leaves, their salts, derivatives, or preparations, coming within the purview of act of Congress approved December 17, 1914, may be purchased for stocking medicine chests and dispensaries maintained on board both ocean-bound vessels and vessels

engaged in trade between ports of the United States (provided there is no physician registered under the provisions of said act employed on board the same) and vessels belonging to the various departments of the Government, upon the approval of commissioned medical officers and acting assistant surgeons of the United States Public Health Service. If a physician, registered under the provisions of the above act of Congress, is employed on board a vessel, said medical supplies may be purchased only upon his order.

IMMIGRATION SERVICE.

EXTRACT FROM IMMIGRATION ACT OF FEBRUARY 5, 1917.

SEC. 36. That upon arrival of any vessel in the United States from any foreign port or place it shall be the duty of the owner, agent, consignee, or master thereof to deliver to the principal immigration officer in charge of the port of arrival lists containing the names of all aliens employed on such vessel, stating the positions they respectively hold in the ship's company, when and where they were respectively shipped or engaged, and specifying those to be paid off and discharged in the port of arrival; or lists containing so much of such information as the Secretary of Labor shall by regulation prescribe; and after the arrival of any such vessel it shall be the duty of such owner, agent, consignee, or master to report to such immigration officer, in writing, as soon as discovered, all cases in which any such alien has illegally landed from the vessel, giving a description of such alien, together with any information likely to lead to his apprehension; and before the departure of any such vessel it shall be the duty of such owner, agent, consignee, or master to deliver to such immigration officer a further list containing the names of all alien employees who were not employed thereon at the time of the arrival but who will leave port thereon at the time of her departure, and also the names of those, if any, who have been paid off and discharged, and of those, if any, who have deserted or landed; and in case of the failure of such owner, agent, consignee, or master so to deliver either of the said lists of such aliens arriving and departing, respectively, or so to report such cases of desertion or landing, such owner, agent, consignee, or master shall, if required by the Secretary of Labor, pay to the collector of customs of the customs district in which the port of arrival is located the sum of $10 for each alien concerning whom correct lists are not delivered or a true report is not made as above required; and no such vessel shall be granted clearance pending the determination of the question of the liability to the payment of such fine, and, in the event such fine is imposed, while it remains unpaid; nor shall such fine be remitted or refunded: Provided, That clearance may be granted prior to the determination of such question upon deposit of a sum sufficient to cover such fine.

REPORT OF SHIP'S SURGEON-INSTRUCTIONS.

To masters and medical officers of ships and others concerned:

Under the authority of section 22 of the act of Congress approved February 20, 1907, it is hereby directed that on the arrival of a ship bringing passengers from a foreign port to any port of the United States, the ship's surgeon shall deliver in person to the United States Commissioner of Immigration, or his authorized representative, a complete report of the diseases (including manifestations of epilepsy, hysteria, or insanity), injuries, births, and deaths which have occurred among the passengers during the

voyage.

Said report shall state in each instance the name of the passenger concerned; whether a first cabin, second cabin, or steerage passenger or a stowaway; the letter or number