died at St. Louis, Dec. 19, 1872; they had five children. Louise married Dr. Samuel S. Boyd, and is living in Indiana. Helen married William W. Austin; they have one daughter, Kate. Thomas resides at Armourdale, Kansas. George H. died at Denver, June 16, 1882. Sara Atlee resides at Ferndale. Cornelia H. married E. E. Crueger; both dead; they had one son, Dr. Edward Adolph Crueger, now residing in Philadelphia. Emma married John P. Suter (see Suter families). Laura H. resides at Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania. Mary married Johnston G. West and had four children; she resides at Ada, Ohio. Edwin Augustus, Jr., married Almira Osborne; they had four daughters: Florence, Cornelia, Julia and Ruth Vickroy.

Edwin Augustus, Jr., knew Archibald Adams, a

Samuel Adams. Archibald died in what is now the Eighth ward of Johnstown, in 1859, and was frequently at the Vickroy home. He related that when he was five years old the Indians captured his father, mother and a little baby and himself. His father's arms were tied behind his back, and all were forced to walk. Archibald could not get along very well; the Indians would not let his father carry him; they wanted to kill him, but his mother carried him and the baby. Samuel made his escape, and the Indians followed him, when the remainder of the family secured protection.

Wharton, Stanislaus, was one of the pioneer farmers of Clearfield township. He died in 1873. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and a county commissioner in 1825. He married Mary McConnell; their children were: Sarah Wharton, who married Michael Driscoll; Joseph, the husband of Catherine Bender, a daughter of Emericus Bender; Jane, the wife of John McMullen; John, who died young; William, of Clearfield township; Ellen, intermarried with Enos McMullen; Arthur, of Clearfield township, and Alice Wharton, the present postmistress at St. Augustine. Joseph and Catherine Bender Wharton had five children, namely: James A. Wharton, a member of Co. A, 55th Penna. Infantry, in the Civil war, married Marguerite McDermitt, October 22, 1867; they had eight children; his second marriage was with Mary Dodson, of Clearfield township, and they have five children. Charles, a merchant at Dysart, who was killed by lightning July 29, 1892; Mary, the wife of Silas McGough, of Altoona; Alice, who married James McGough, of Clearfield township, and Ellen, intermarried with Albert Ivory of Greensburg.

The Zephaniah Weakland Family. Zephaniah Weakland, came from St. Mary's county, Maryland, and located on the Spruce creek, eight miles from Huntingdon, before the close of the Revolutionary war. John Weakland was born there in 1787. Zephaniah brought his family to Cambria county in 1808, and located near Munster, building a log cabin near the O'Hara's, east of Munster. In 1819 Zephaniah removed to Mahoning township, in Indiana county, but returned to Johnstown in 1832. Subsequently he made his home in Susquehanna township, and while there married for the third time when he was over seventy years old, and by this marriage had one or two children; he died in 1849.

John Weakland, his son, moved to Conemaugh township in 1831, and came to Johnstown in 1835; he married in 1818 and had two sons and a daughter. His wife died in 1858. At the age of seventy-three he married again and had three sons by this marriage. Michael Weakland and Ellen, his wife, an only brother, and two children lived in Susquehanna township. William Weakland, a brother of Zephaniah, died near Loretto in 1864, at the age of eighty-three years. Many of their descendants reside in the north of the county, especially in Carroll, Clearfield and Susquehanna townships. John Weakland was a private in Captain Richard McGuire's company in the War of 1812.

Wissinger, Ludwick. He was born in 1756, and served under Washington in the Revolution, and came to Cambria from Frederick, Maryland, 1793. He located on a tract of land near the Dunkard church above Walnut Grove, on the Bedford road. He died about March, 1842. He had thirteen children and probably fourteen, as there were two by the name of Susannah, but they had different marriage names. He made a bequest to Susannah, intermarried with Joseph Wissel, and also to Susannah, who had married a Morgan. The others were: John, Catherine Wissinger-Brumbaugh, Mary Wissinger-Anderson (see John Horner), Daniel, Esther Wissinger-Snyder, Lewis, Elizabeth Wissinger-Stutzman, David, Samuel, George, Isaac and Jacob Wissinger. Lewis Wissinger, his son, was born June 21, 1793, and died Sept. 21, 1895. About 1818 he married Barbara Strayer, who died about 1835; they had five children. Sarah married David Kauffman, of Croyle township; and Eli and John Wissinger. His second marriage

was with Margaret Lint, and they had six children: Harry, Esther, who died in her twenty-third year; Samuel, Barbara, married to Peter Keiper; Annie, married to Daniel Fyock; and Adam Wissinger.

CHAPTER XXIII.

COAL, COKE, RAILROADS AND LUMBER.

The earliest evidence of the discovery of coal or that a coal bank was open in the county appears on the endorsement for the warrant for the William Barr tract of land, which was the old farm owned by Louis Von Lunen, in Moxham, now a part of the city of Johnstown. The endorsements made by the deputy surveyor general are as follows: "Date of Warrant, April 3, 1769; name of warrantee, William Barr; number of acres, 300. Remarks: On the south side of Stone Creek (Stonycreek river), opposite to the Stone Cole bank. Returned, &c. 31st October, 1788." At that time there were several inhabitants in this vicinity, and within five years Joseph Johns acquired the Campbell tract of land and made a settlement upon it.

Mrs. Ann Linton used coal as a fuel for domestic purposes while living in Johnstown in 1822. Three years later Matthew and Michael Myers opened a coal bank west of Lilly, and operated it before the construction of the old Portage railroad. The coal was mined more especially for blacksmiths' use in the Juniata valley, and was carried across the mountains on pack horses. William Tiley opened a bank near it some years after. Prior to July 3, 1839, Charles Murray had a coal bank in operation on the land of Samuel Singer, near Vinco. It was on the public road leading from Johnstown to Ebensburg. The usual fuel for domestic purposes was wood until as late as 1860. It was the principal fuel for locomotives until after that date, but coal began to be common in the fifties. Coal banks along the railroad in Croyle township have been in operation for many years, yet until 1885 there was none near Lovett's station, which is a few miles south of South Fork. Prior to that date the coal for domestic purposes had to be hauled from the Heitingfelter bank, or the Erb bank, which were on the Solomon's Run, a distance of eight miles.

On April 3, 1843, the court of common pleas approved the proceedings of William Rodgers to condemn a strip of land leading from his coal mine, then on the land occupied by John Farren, to a point on the west side of the culvert on the Alle

gheny Portage railroad, near the foot of Plane No. 4, now Lilly. The mine was about 300 yards from the road. The diagram accompanying the report shows that the coal road led up to the Portage railroad, evidently for the purpose of shipping coal by rail.

Samuel Lemon, the father of John and Samuel Lemon, of Hollidaysburg, opened a mine near the foot of Plane No. 5, west of the Summit, and shipped coal on that road at a very early date. The Lemon seam of coal was named for him, as he was the first person in this locality to work it.

In 1840 there were 41 coal miners in Cambria county, of whom 35 were in Washington township; three in Johnstown, and three in Conemaugh township.

The first coal operators at South Fork were Jacob C. and George B. Stineman, Samuel Paul, Joseph Croyle and Richard J. Hughes, who organized the South Fork Coal and Iron Company in 1869, and opened the first vein of coal for the purpose of mining and shipping. At this time, about one hundred large cars, averaging forty tons to the car, are being shipped daily from South Fork and its immediate vicinity, which includes the Ehrenfeld mines.

On January 1, 1862, it was noted in the newspapers that the Pennsylvania railroad had just added 200 eight-wheeled cars to its rolling stock for the increased trade of the Westmoreland Coal Company, whose mines were at Irwin and Shafton. Eight wheel cars at that time carried from nine to ten tons of coal.

The first official record of the bituminous coal mined was kept in 1820, when there were 3,000 tons mined in Maryland. Twelve years later the output had been increased to 12,000. The federal records show that it began in Pennsylvania, Missouri, Indiana, Alabama, Iowa, Arkansas, and North Carolina in 1840, when there were 464,826 tons mined in Pennsylvania, and three tons in North Carolina.

The coal in the northern part of the county began to be developed in 1882, when the late Judge Dean, who was then president judge of the Cambria courts, purchased coal along the Clearfield creek and built the "Cresson, Clearfield and New York Short Route R. R.," which was chartered December 19, 1882, to extend from Cresson to Irvona. It was thrown into service May 1, 1886, and was subsequently purchased by the Pennsylvania railroad, now forming a part of the Cambria & Clearfield division. The coal was bought for about five or