CHAPTER II.

THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR PERIOD-MEETINGS IN CARPENTER'S HALL IN PHILADELPHIA-COMPANIES OF CAPTAIN ROBERT CLUGGAGE, CAPTAIN RICHARD BROWN, CAPTAIN ANDREW MANN AND CAPTAIN JACOB HENDERSHOT-THE COMPANIES OF RANGERS; CAPTAIN JOHN BOYD AND CAPTAIN SOLOMON ADAMS-MASON AND DIXON'S LINE THE WHISKEY REBELLION OF 1794 THE FORBES ROAD.

When the shot was fired at Lexington, on April 19, 1775, it has been stated that its moral effect for religious liberty and political freedom encircled the globe.

When that took place the territory now within the limits of Cambria county was parts of Quemahoning and Frankstown townships of Bedford county. Fort Bedford was the county capital; there the courts administered justice to the people of the county; there the pioneers sought safety from the attacks of Indians on their homes and families throughout the county. The next fort west was Fort Ligonier, in Westmoreland county. Bedford. was the common meeting place for the patriot and the pioneer of this locality.

The inhabitants of the county were principally ScotchIrish Presbyterians, but Germans of the Brethren denomination, Swiss and Irish, had also settled here. It was very natural that both patriots and tories should be represented, although there were few of the latter. Numbered with the patriots were Colonel George Woods, Judge Barnard Dougherty, Colonel David Espy, Samuel Davidson, Esq., Hon. John Cessna, Colonel Charles Cessna, Major Edward Coombs, Colonel Hugh Barclay, Captain Andrew Mann, Colonel Robert Galbreath, Captain Robert Cluggage, James Martin, William Proctor, Colonel Thomas Smith, James Wells, John Malott, Robert Scott, and Captain James Francis Moore.

When Samuel Adams and his party of "Indians" threw the cargo of tea into the Boston harbor, it aroused the colonists, and a meeting was held in Philadelphia on July 15, 1774, for the purpose of expressing their discontent with the law of George III. George Woods, Esq., Barnard Dougherty and Samuel Davidson of Bedford county were present as delegates. The

Carpenter's Hall convention of 1775 resolved that the colonies should raise an army to defend their principles and to Pennsylvania was allotted the quota of 4,300 men. To more effectually carry it into effect a committee of public safety was appointed on June 30, 1775, which consisted of prominent patriots in the colony. Benjamin Franklin was president thereof; William Garrett, secretary, and Michael Hillegas, treasurer. Barnard Dougherty, of Bedford county, was a member of that committee.

Within ten days after the battle of Bunker Hill was fought (June 17, 1775) Captain Cluggage, of Bedford, had a company on the march to Boston to assist Prescott, Pepperell and Warren, the heroes of that defeat. On its arrival at Carlisle it was assigned to the First Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion, commanded by Colonel William Thompson. The battalion started from Reading, passed through Easton and northern New Jersey, crossed the Hudson river a few miles north of West Point, and joined the Continental army in the trenches at Boston, August 8, 1775.

They were the first troops to arrive from the west side of the Hudson, and served in all the skirmishes in front of Boston; but before the British evacuated that city Colonel Thompson's battalion was ordered to New York to aid in repelling the landing of the enemy. Colonel Thompson was promoted to brigadier-general, and Lieutenant Colonel Hand of Lancaster was advanced to the coloneley. When the term of enlistment expired, June 30, 1776, most of the men re-enlisted for three years or during the war. It then became the First Regiment of the Continental Line, and was actively engaged in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton, under Colonel Hand, who on April 1, 1777, was made a brigadier-general to be succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel James Chambers of Chambersburg. Under his command the regiment fought at Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and every other battle and skirmishes until it retired, January 1, 1781. Thatcher's Military Journal says of this command:

"Several companies of riflemen amounting, it is said, to more than fourteen hundred men, have arrived here from Pennsylvania and Maryland, a distance of from five to seven hundred miles. They are remarkably stout and hardy men, many of them exceeding six feet in hight. They are dressed in white frocks or rifle shirts and round hats. These men are remark

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able for the accuracy of their aim, striking a mark with great certainty at two hundred yards. At a review of a company of them, presumed to be Col. Cresap's company of Maryland frontiersmen, one-half of whom were recruited in that part of Pennsylvania lying west of the Allegheny mountains, while on a quick advance, fired their balls into objects of seven inches in diameter, at a distance of two hundred yards. They are now stationed on our lines (Boston) and their shots have frequently proved fatal to British officers and soldiers who exposed themselves, even at more than double of a common musket shot."

CAPTAIN ROBERT CLUGGAGE'S COMPANY, FALL OF 1776.

Captain, Robert Cluggage. First Lieutenant, John Holliday, commissioned June 25, 1775. Second Lieutenant, Robert McKenzie, died Feb. 12, 1776; Benjamin Baird, from third lieutenant. Third Lieutenant, Benjamin Baird, Oct., 1775, promoted second lieutenant.

Sergeants: James Holliday; Daniel Stoy, dis. at Long Island, July 1, 1776; resided in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, in 1818; Querinus Meriner, David Wright.

Corporals: Acquilla White, William Lee, Joseph McKenzie, Angus McDonald.

Drummer: Timothy Sullivan.

Privates: Adam Anderson, resided in Westmoreland county in 1818; Phillip Beechy, John Bowman; Thaddeus Broughdon, dis. Feb. 10, 1776; Thomas Brown, George Bruner, John Campbell, Thomas Casey, Stephen Cessna, Patrick Clark, Phillip Conner, James Corrowan; Joshua Craig, resided in Cumberland county in 1820; John Crips, Alexander Crugren, Thomas Cunningham, James Curran; John Davis, afterward adjutant Flying Camp; Cornelius Dilling; William Donelin, re-enlisted 1st Pa.; Matthew Dougherty, Laurence Dowling, Daniel Francks, George Freeman, Amariah Garrett, Daniel Gemberland, Reuben Gillespy, Richard Hardister, Conrad Hanning; Francis Jamison, re-enlisted 1st Pa.; Andrew Johnston, enlisted June 25, 1775. promoted lieutenant 1st Pa.; Matthias Judy; John Kelly, "Sept. 14, 1775, John Kelly, one of Capt. Cluggage's men, shot one of Capt. Chambers' men through the head for stabbing him."-Wright's Journal. Peter King, James Knight, William Laird, Charles Lenning, Robert Leonard; John Lesly, re-enlisted in 11th Pa.; Henry McCartney, dis. at Long Island, July, 1776, weaver, resided in Lycoming county in 1820; Daniel McClain, re-enlisted 1st Pa.; John MeCune, John McDonald, Patrick McDonald, Thomas McFarlane, Thomas Magee, Daniel Mangaw, Michael Miller, Robert Platt, John Pitts, Samuel Plumb, Martin Reynolds, Daniel Rhoads; Philip Ritchie, re-enlisted 1st Pa.; Thomas Shehan, Francis Shires; Alexander Simonton. re-enlisted 1st Pa.; Emanuel Smith, Henry Smith; Daniel Stoy, promoted sergeant; John Stuart, Jonathen Taylor, James Turmoil, Andrew Tweed,

James Vanzandt, Daniel Vanderslice, re-enlisted 1st Pa.; Thomas Vaughn, re-enlisted 1st Pa.; Solomon Walker, James Warford, Thomas Ward, Alexander Wilson; George Whitman, enlisted June, 1775; re-enlisted in 1st Pa.; Samuel Woodward.

Captain Richard Brown's company was organized in Bedford during February and March, 1776, and was assigned to the First Battalion of the Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment, under Colonel Samuel Miles, that being a part of Brigadier General Lord Sterling's command. It fought in the disastrous battle of Long Island, New York, on August 27, 1776, where many of them were killed, wounded or captured, among the latter of whom were Colonel Miles, Colonel Atlee and James Piper, of Bedford, lieutenant colonel, who died in captivity.

In a letter from Colonel Daniel Brodhead, in reference to the defeat and retreat at Long Island, dated "Camp near King's Bridge, 5th Sep'r. 1776," he says:

"I understand that General Sullivan has taken the liberty to charge our brave and good Col. Miles, with the ill success of the Day, but give me leave to say, that if General Sullivan & the rest of the Gen'ls on Long Island had been as vigilant & prudent as him, we might, & in all probability would have cut off Clinton's brigade; our officers & men in general, considering the confusion, behaved as well as men could do-a very few behaved ill, of which, when I am informed will write you."

"P. S. The Great Gen'l Putnam could not, tho' requested, send out one Reg't to cover our retreat."

The command was engaged in the capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776; at Princeton, January 3, 1777; and, remaining part of the ensuing winter in Philadelphia, moved down to Billingsport in March, 1777.

CAPTAIN RICHARD BROWN'S COMPANY.

Captains: Richard Brown, appointed from Bedford county, March 19, 1776; taken prisoner Aug. 27, 1776; James Francis Moore, from first lieutenant, Oct. 25, 1776.

First Lieutenant: James F. Moore, appointed from Bedford county, March 19, 1776; joined the company Aug. 9, 1776; promoted captain Oct. 25, 1776.

Second Lieutenants: James Barnet, resigned July 23, 1776; Thomas Boyd, from third lieutenant of Capt. Shade's company, Aug. 9, 1776; taken at Fort Washington; resided in Indiana county, Pa., in 1817.

Third Lieutenant: James Holmes, commissioned April 15, 1776; resigned Dec. 31, 1776.

Sergeants: Henry Steits; James Anderson, missing since