CHAPTER III FEDERAL AGENCIES FOR EDUCATION Federal Participation in Education. A traditional and firmly established practice, aided by the hitherto accepted interpretations of the rights and powers of the Federal government under the constitution, have caused education, as represented by the organized public school system, to remain under the practically exclusive jurisdiction of the several states. It is clear, nevertheless, that through land grants and money subsidies the national contribution towards the upbringing of the American educational ideal, embodied in the state public school systems, has been of the greatest moment. The educational influence of the central government has not, however, been exerted entirely through indirect channels. In addition to numerous teaching institutions of special character under Federal control, many departments and divisions of the government carry on work directly and intentionally educational. These teaching institutions and departmental activities should be included in any accounting of the nation's educational resources and influences. Some measure of the extent and varied character of Federal participation in educational enterprises is sought through the data and documents here assembled. I. FEDERAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR EDUCATION 1 The following appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, contained in the measures passed during the 1 Compiled from the Statutes at Large of the Sixty-second Congress, Third Session (37-Dec. 2, 1912 to Mar. 4, 1913) and the Sixty-third Congress, First Session (38-Apr. 7, 1913 to Dec. 1, 1914). There have been included in the tabulation only appropriations the purposes of which were intentionally educational, third session of the Sixty-second Congress, and the first session of the Sixty-third Congress, give some inclusive view of the varied character and wide extent of the educational enterprises of the national government. These appropriations apply not only to teaching institutions, established and maintained for various specified purposes, but also to activities of the different governmental departments and bureaus carried on in the interest of the general education of the people of the nation. 1. Appropriations by the United States Government for the Advancement of Education for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914 a. Includes $50,000 to be paid from the revenues of the District of Columbia. b. One half of this amount is to be paid from the revenues of the District of Columbia. within the ordinary meaning of the word. Obviously, each department, division, and bureau accomplished, through its usual routine and through its publications, results that would rightfully be classified as educational. Good illustrations of such are to be found in the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service of the Treasury Department, in the several divisions, bureaus, and offices of the Department of Agriculture, and in the Bureau of the Census of the Department of Commerce. Furthermore, the amounts indicated in the tables for the different purposes would, in a number of instances, be increased were the "lump" departmental expenditures for printing distributed. (Chapter 146, March 4, 1913; Chapter 93, March 2, 1913.) United States Military Academy: Buildings for post, exchanges, schools, libraries, and 1 See Register of the Department of State (November, 1913) for the regulations governing interpreters and student interpreters in China, Japan, and Turkey. Transportation of pupils ($5000 may be used in securing employment for pupils) 82,000 Agricultural experiments, instruction in forestry, and matrons, farmers and stockmen to teach Indians School facilities for Navajo Tribe, Arizona Teachers, physicians, carpenters, etc., for fulfilling treaty 400,000 100,000 165,000 Support, education and civilization of Pottawatomies, Wisconsin For sundry purposes, including the erection and maintenance of day and industrial schools, Chippewas, Minnesota |