the college course of that period. His great interest in these branches led him in 1718 and 1719 to publish almanacs in his own name. He calculated the great eclipse of the sun in 1806, which his distinguished son, Hon. R. T. Paine, found to exactly accord with his calculations. To the study of Latin, Greek, Hebrew and French, he gave great attention. He graduated in July, 1717, but with what rank does not apper. Having shown early a predelection for the ministry, in August following he commenced the study of divinity with Rev. Theophilus Barnard, of Andover. After completing his theological studies, he accepted an invitation extended him, and was ordained pastor of the Church at Weymouth, Mass, Aug. 19, 1719. He labored at that place till ill health caused him to ask a dismission in 1730, which was granted, but he was not formally dismissed from the church till April 15, 1734. After his dismissal in 1730, he went to Boston to reside, and soon became engaged in commercial pursuits. He carried on trade between the southern provinces, West Indies, the new port of Halifax, England and other foreign ports, and soon acquired considerable wealth. He was also engaged in the manufacture of cannons, casting shot, etc. He had foundries in Abington and Bridgewater. In the summer of 1749, just as his son, Robert Treat, had graduated at Harvard, his business affairs became involved in consequence of the capture of some of his vessels, and the disastrous state of the currency and of business, his property was swept away. His health again giving away, he made a voyage to the West Indies, and on his return made Halifax his place of residence. Here he turned his attention to the study of law, with intention to practice. His health becoming greatly impaired, he was compelled to abandon his studies, and he returned to Braintree, Mass., at a place called Germantown, where his daughter, Abigail Greenleaf, resided, and at her house, not long after, passed to his rest, May 30, 1757, aged 63 years, and was buried at Weymouth. He was undoubtedly "a man of great talents, learning, industry, and piety."

His wife was Eunice, youngest daughter of Rev. Samuel Treat, of Eastham, the first settled minister of that town, and grand-daughter of Gov. Robert Treat, of Milford, Conn. Her mother was Abigail Willard, daughter of Rev. Samuel Willard, pastor of the Old South Church

in Boston. Mr. Paine was married in Boston, April 21, 1721, and she at the time was but sixteen years of age. She died Oct. 17, 1747, aged 42 years. She was born at Eastham in or about the year 1705.

Children of REV. THOMAS PAINE and EUNICE, his wife: 249. I. ABIGAIL, born March 6, 1725; married Joseph Greenleaf, Oct. 17, 1749; died Jan. 15, 1808, aged 83.

250. II. ROBERT TREAT, born Oct. 9, 1727; died Oct. 21, 1727.

251. III. THOMAS, born July 3, 1729; died Aug. 19, 1730. 252. IV. ROBERT TREAT, born at Boston, March 11, 1731; married Sally Cobb.

253. V. EUNICE, born May 11, 1733; died unmarried Feb. 2, 1803.

79.

MARY PAINE, daughter of James and Bethiah Paine, of Barnstable, married Nathaniel Freeman, of Eastham, Oct. 11, 1723. He died Dec. 2, 1727. She married for second husband, Edmond Hawes, of Yarmouth, Oct. 11. 1729. He died at Barnstable, May 11, 1762. The time of her death not known to the writer. Her children, by Nathaniel Freeman, were:

254. 1. BETHIA, born July 4, 1725; married John Hinckly, Jr., of Barnstable, Dec. 29, 1744.

255. II. JAMES, born Oct. 11, 1726; married and went to Halifax, N. S., where he died in 1758, leaving a widow, and a son, James Paine Freeman.

256. III.

NATHANIEL (posthumous), born March 20, 1728; died
April 17, 1728.

By Edmond Hawes she had, among other children,

a son:

257. IV. EDMOND.

[To be continued.]

OBITUARY. It is with regret that we record the sudden death, since the first part of this issue was printed, of HORATIO PAINE, M. D., a nephew of the late distinguished Prof. Martyn Paine, and Superintendent of the Roosevelt Hospital, New York, ever since the organization of that model institution. He died May 1, 1882, in London, England, where he had gone on account of a peculiar affection of his eyes, which proved to be of a more serious nature than he or his friends had suspected, and connected with a disease of the brain from which he died. See ante page 151, Woodstock Branch," No. 418.

HUGH DE PAYEN.

By ALBERT W. PAINE, ESQ., of Bangor, Me.

In previous numbers of the RECORDS, on pp. 136-8, and 151-2, of vol. I., a brief history was given of Hugh De Payen, the distinguished crusader, and founder of the order of Templars of the Cross," which, for so long a time, exercised a powerful control in the affairs of Europe and of the East. The idea was also advanced that presumably he was by blood connected with the ancestral line of the Ipswich branch of the Paine family of the present day. Not that he was a direct ancestor, but that he was the son or descendant of a common father or ancestor of a previous generation. Since the publication of the RECORDS cited, the writer has, in a separate volume, given publicity to the same views, under the title of "Paine Genealogy: Ipswich Branch." This volume has received flattering notice from many quarters, on both sides of the Atlantic, in some of which, however, the accuracy of the above stated presumption is doubted, and in others denied. This denial is by different critics placed on quite different grounds, no two agreeing, except in the very important fact that Hugh was a Norman, or of Norman descent.

A distinguished English critic bases his objection on the fact that he was an Italian by birth, and hence could not have sustained the alleged relationship. Another correspondent asserts the nativity of the party as being in the southeast part of France, while a third denies the fact of his being a "Payne" at all, but simply that he was "Hugh" of the town of Payens, where he was born, that being a town adjacent to Troies, about 90 miles S.E. from Paris. This last criticism is that of the “N. Y. Independent" and the "Literary World."

The discussion is an interesting one, especially to the Paine race, and no more appropriate place for its discussion could be selected than the pages of the RECORDS of that large family. What is the real truth of the matter is and can be the only object of any discussion on the subject, and to that end the following remarks are offered in the hope that others may add new light to the subject,

so that the actual fact may be substantiated. Who then was Hugh De Payen?

At the expense of repeating briefly the argument heretofore adduced in favor of the presumption advanced, it is proper to say that it is based largely, and in one sense, wholly on the coat of arms of the family. The character and meaning of the heraldic sign has already been given, in connection with the subject in the works already referred to, and need not be here repeated. Suffice it to say that this coat of arms is very fully proved and its character substantiated. It was of very early origin, its use in the family going back to at least the year 1400 A. D., which was very soon after coats of arms were adopted in England, or by the Normans there, it being the one known in works of heraldry as "The Arms of Payne of Market Bosworth, County of Leicester and of Suffolk." This coat of arms of the Ipswich family, thus well established as of very ancient date, contained all the distinguishing traits and "virtues," for which Hugh was especially famed. Chief among these was the fact that he was a Crusader, of the rank of Knight, and that he won this honor by his bravery and skill; that he was poor because of his being a younger son, and thus without inheritance; that the ancestor, whose virtues were thus heralded, was of an ancient lineage; and besides that, he was a Templar of the order which Hugh established. All this goes to show that the assumer of this coat of arms was heir to all and the same characteristics which made Hugh famous, and thus that the two parties, if two they were, were of the same name, in the same service or crusade, and won the same glory at the same time and with the same success. And it can hardly be surmised that such illustrious virtues as those of Hugh should have been overlooked by his heirs, when a century or two afterwards, coats of arms were adopted under a system which led the assumer in all cases to take advantage of his ancestors' line of history. Yet, although twentysix Payne coats of arms are to be found, the one in question alone bears evidence of crusade service or the honor of knighthood. From all these indications, besides others of minor importance, the writer was led to the conclusion that the two characters thus developed were one and the same person.

That Hugh could scarcely have been an Italian by birth, would seem to follow from the circumstance that

not until about the middle of the 11th century had the Norman emigration reached Italy, and though it was possible that some advanced immigrant may have had a son early enough to grow up to the age of a crusader of Hugh's character, in the same century, yet it is hardly probable that such was the case. And besides, from what is known of Hugh's subsequent history, to which we shall have occasion to refer, it would seem conclusive that, wherever may have been his birthplace, all his connections and proclivities, so to speak, were those in or near the Norman home. And the same remark may be made of the other supposition that Hugh was born in the southeast corner of France.

Indeed, it would seem that the only real question at issue, is that presented by the "Independent" and "Literary World's" critics, and that is whether Hugh was a Payen at all, or whether the latter term only designates the place of his nativity. That such is the force of the preposition de very frequently, there is no doubt. Nor can there be any doubt that the same preposition was equally used to designate the relation of son to the father of the same surname. The adoption of surnames took place in England and Normandy at about the time of the Conquest, in 1066, and Hugh went to the Crusade, 33 years after that. The probability is very strong that so prominent a man would hardly have lived a long life, at that time, with so common a name as Hugh alone, and especially as surnames were then in fashion, and the name of "Payen " had already then been adopted as such, years before, as is evidenced by Domesday. This is a consideration having some weight.

The criticisms, which we now are considering, assume that Hugh was a citizen of France, and that he was a Knight, or Chevalier, before he went to the Crusades, and that his poverty was because of his vow whereby he renounced "all things for Christ's sake." That there is any direct evidence of his having wealth to thus abandon, we do not understand, but only that his vow "to abandon all things for Christ's sake" may be so construed. While this may be true, yet that vow meant a great deal more than that, while it proved nothing in favor of the party having already anything in the way of wealth to abandon. That he was actually poor in this world's goods is an admitted fact, emblazoned on his shield and on that of his order, as it was on the Paine coat of arms,