HARVESTING CLOVER FOR SEED.-Please inform through THE CULTIVATOR, if there is a machine in successful operation for harvesting clover, taking the heads only, and leaving the straw on the ground? I noticed in THE CULTIVATOR for 1854, a description of one, but have heard nothing of it since. If any of your correspondents will inform me through its pages, of any kind of apparatus for harvesting clover seed, they will confer a favor. W. H. N. Dela. Co., N. Y. [A clover comb, made something like a common road-scraper in form, but larger, running on wheels, and having teeth in front for combing off the heads, was formerly used, but it seems not to have obtained general favor. Since the introduction of mowing machines, cutting the whole crop is generally adopted. If, however, any of our correspondents know of the successful and profitable use of any other machine. we should be glad to hear from them.] during the latter part of summer. Clover would be better for early cutting.] CHERRY INSECT.-I enclose a cherry shoot, attacked by an insect. Can you enlighten us on the subject, as to the depredator and cure? E. W. West Bloomfield, N. J. [The one year's shoot has a row of punctures about 25 to an inch, along one side, into the pith for the purpose of depositing eggs. We have often observed this appearance on both cherry and plum, but never discovered any serious injury to result. Larger punctures of a similar kind have been seen in the shoots of the filbert, nearly destroying the bushes. We do not know these insects nor a remedy.] SOAKING SEED CORN-I have been recommended to soak my seed corn in chloride of lime. What will be the effect if THE HUBBARD MOWER.-Your correspondent H. S. Babcock says I would like especially to learn the comparative merits of the Hubbard and E Ball machine, manufactured at Auburn." In answer to the inquiry, I will say that I have used and been familiar with reapers and mowers for Combined Harvester, which, for ease of draft, adaptation to many years. For the last three years I have used Hubbard's the unevenness of the surface, durability, and simplicity of construction, all combined, make it in my judgment, one of the best machines now in use. I do so, and how is this article prepared. J. O. H. Brook's Station, Ky. [We do not see any advantage to be gained ORCHARD PROTECTION.-There is an orchard in this place, by the process-and possibly, unless the solution is weak, inhaving hardy apple grafts set eight feet apart, slightly trim-jury might result to the seed. The chloride is for sale at all med, for a hedge on the north and west sides. I would like drug stores, and dissolves readily.] to inquire whether this would not prove more profitable than the black English willow mentioned by Mr. Gardner in the March number? I think it may be presumed, that at the age of 11 years these trees will bear from a half to three bushels each yearly till 15 years old, when if found then too thick, every other one may be taken for wood; and the remainder, then standing 16 feet apart, will produce a proportional quantity with the trees set 32 feet apart. HARLEY RUDD. Corfu, N. Y. [Apple trees, planted as described, will afford some shelter, but the advantages of the willows are their more rapid growth, and the more complete protection of their tall and dense branches. Some orchardists in the Western States, where trees are cheap, plant whole or-chards at one-half the usual distance, with a view of ultimately taking out a part of the trees, and the result has been a decided improvement in productiveness from the shelter to the young trees. But there is here again a drawback, in the exhaustion of the soil by the great number of trees which stand upon it, and the thinned orchard cannot afterwards be quite so good as one set at the usual distance at first.] WARTS ON CATTLE-CROOKED HORNS.-Some of my cows are troubled with warts on their udders and teats, which Cause them to be very uneasy during the time of milking. Can you give me a cure for them? Also inform me of the best inethod to pursue, to cause the horns of cattle to grow in a good position for convenience and appearance, as they are frequently inclined to lop down, and thus in a great measure do away with the attractive appearance of the cattle. A SUBSCRIBER. [To remove the warts, tie a silk thread tightly around the base of each wart, so as nearly to cut into them, and stop circulation-they will come off in two days. This we know to be efficient; but it may be difficult or impracticable where they are numerous, or broad and flat-in which case they may be removed by cutting off, and touching the cut with a hot iron to stop blood, or by applying very strong pyroligneous acid to the wound. Lunar caustic, in a strong solution, is also recommended-also, cutting open the wart, and inserting powdered blue vitriol. We do not know the best way to give direction to the growth of horns, but have been told that a constant pressure applied to the tips while they are growing on the young animal, by a cord tied to them while in the stanchion, and running over a pulley with a weight, or by means of a yoke suited to the particular form, would effect the object.] Near Geneva, N. Y. WILLIAM JOHNSON. HOW MUCH IS MILK WORTH TO MAKE INTO CHEESE.-I wish to make an inquiry of some of your correspondents who have experience in cheese making. An early answer through the COUNTRY GENTLEMAN will greatly oblige me. I want a rule for fixing the price of milk, to be bought and made into cheese, so that the price of the milk shall be proportioned to the value of the cheese. I want one that will be certain to give the cheese maker a fair profit and leave the rest to the sellers of milk. Also, the best method of making double curd cheese; or of manufacturing the milk of two days into one cheese. E. G. CHILCOTT. PLANTING PITS AND NUTS.-I have had a little bought wit that I did not think came too dear; got by my own exthemselves if properly frosted; and if they dont crack themperiments. All pits, such as peach and plum, will crack selves, they will not grow if they are forced open with the hammer. So with walnuts; they should be put in the ground too deeply covered with snow through the winter. as soon as they fall from the trees, and not be suffered to be Newark, N. J. J. BALDWIN. DEFECTIVE HORSE.-I avail myself of the privilege so freely accorded to the readers of your journal, of applying old this spring, of fine stock, and with the exception of a defor information. I have a promising young mare, four years fect in her gait showing every indication of speed. Last season she acquired the habit of pounding her knees when when driven fast, causing soreness and swelling. This has been a great drawback in my efforts to develop her powers, and if not remedied will effectually dispose of my hopes of her future. Can any of your readers suggest anything? Is there a remedy? Will her progeny be likely to inherit this imperfection? Any suggestions will be thankfully received and promptly acted upon. D. B. New-York. PEACH WORM.-I would add to your recipe to Mrs. R. W. of Indianapolis, (p. 224,) giving the method and how to destroy the peach worm. Scoop out a hollow about the tree, and give a pail of boiling suds, or one quart of wood ashes to a pail of boiling water, spring and fall. The suds I consider preferable. I have seen fine pieces of unslaked lime placed near the tree about the first of May level with the soil. I don't find the manure heap any detriment to my trees, making the peaches earlier and good enough. I prefer this to trusting to any hired man's effectual cleaning with the knife. JERSEY. CORN FOR SOILING. As a young farmer and one desirous of learning, I have determined to try the growing of corn fodder for green feeding, but find that among the older heads here it is somewhat discouraged. My pasture will be scant until after harvest-the same older heads say, that up to that time the green stalk is hurtful to cattle, acting as a physic upon them and scouring. After harvest I have an abundance of pasture and the corn must be left for winter fodder. Now what are the facts in the case? Does the young green corn in its early growth, have the effect or not? If so, it certainly is not beneficial or profitable. Information on the subject from any one, will be gladly received by P. Montour Co., Pa. [It is not profitable to feed corn as fodder until the tassels are well out-before that time the quantity is comparatively small. The "old heads mentioned probably judge of its effects by their hungry cattle breaking into their fields at night and overgorging them selves on the succulent plants. Feed after the stalks are grown, beginning gradually, or feeding in small quantities at first, and carefully increasing the amount afterwards, and TOBACCO.-What kind of soil is best for tobacco, and at no harin can result. Corn is not suitable for soiling before what time should the seed be sown? J. SOUTHWICK. [Tobarvest, as it is not sufficiently grown so early, but is ex-bacco requires a warm, rich, mellow soil. The seed should cellent and profitable during the drouth that usually occurs be sown in seed beds as soon as the danger from frost is over.] BEES.-I wish to inquire of the "Bee Man," why hundreds of colonies of bees have died with plenty of honeyplenty of ventilation? After a colony has perished, upon opening the hives we invariably find plenty of honey all candied or sugared and water over the comb. Is it because the honey is candied-and if so, what makes it candy-what property is wanting? JUNIUS. Minnesota. [For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] The Permanence of Wooden Fences. wishing to erect a substantial stone wall in its stead, I had it moved and put up as a division fence on another porin good condition for many years to come, nearly all the tion of the farm, where it stands and promises to remain original rails still remaining, a few only having been broken or decayed. This kind of fence is not quite as durable as the zig zag however. The posts were of Long Island locust-none of them having been replaced. occupy was built, and the following year the fences One more instance. In the year 1800 the house which around the dwelling were erected of squared locust posts 3 by 24 inches, yellow or pitch pine railing, white or soft pine foot boards and pickets. Last summer (1861) about half of it was taken down and a new fence built, with a state that they again were nearly all worked in the the exception of the pickets, which were found in so good fence. There had been a little repair in some portions of the old fence during the period-some three or four posts and a rail or two had given out. The other half is still standing. This fence was kept painted during the time intervened. for the most part, although some intervals of exposure EDITORS OF CO. GENTLEMAN-It seems to me that your correspondent H. of the 20th inst. has taken rather extreme views in relation to fencing. It is true, as he says, that there has been little improvement in this matter for near a century, although there have been various modifications in the construction of wooden fences, but gene-I rally eventuating in expensive failures, and soon cast aside. After all simplicity must be the rule among farmers in these matters as well as in others. Anything involving much mechanical labor, is in general to be avoided. All mortices and tenons made in building wooden fences, while it consumes time, tends to rapid decay unless kept thoroughly painted, which is expensive and laborious. So also of materials requiring to be nailed, the rust of iron being very destructive to wood when exposed to weather. These considerations have doubtless induced the continuance of the old post and rail and zig zag fence, which last is by far the most generally used on farms here. Nor do we find it so expensive as your cor- by hedging, yet all the attempts I have witnessed have I have always supposed it practicable to fence our farms respondent H. seems to think. According to his view a rail or board fence lasts only about ten years. That is failed, not however from inadaptedness of the material quite a mistake and can scarcely be said of fences built The Osage Orange in a country not supplied with timber, so much as from the want of systematic management. of the poorest materials. I will give a few instances would be a good substitute for dead fences in my opinion. which have fallen under my immediate observation. More than fifty years ago my father had a new partition rail Hawthorn does not grow well here, the summers being fence made across a field, about forty rods in length of too hot and dry. Honey locust might be used to good chestuut rails in the zig zag form set on stones, drawn advantage. The finest hedging plant I think is American from the field, about eighteen inches high. This same Arbor vitæ. Beautiful at all seasons, it can be managed fence is now standing, the foundation, and lower tiers of as a hedge with great ease, and forms a wall of green; rails having never been changed. In making this kind yet I have never seen a farm hedge of this material. All of fence, we usually select the largest and best split rails with great expense and much watchful care in the rearing these substitutes for dead fences however, are attended for the lower portions of the fence, and as we come to- and protection required for many years before they bewards the top lighter and poorer materials are used, generally ending by a round pole, termed a rider, on the come really fences. In the meantime the farmer has the top of the stakes. Such materials of course do not last two-fold task of protecting them by fences on one or both as long. The top therefore of the fence named has had sides to prevent his cattle from destroying what has rea few rails replaced in repairing. Now I have no reason quired years of anxious toil and care to produce. Then to believe that the most of this fence will not last until too it is difficult to repair serious injuries in a hedge after the close of the present century. I am quite sure that attaining much size, requiring years of additional care; much of it would be sound and good at the expiration of natural growth gets the start and generally will succeed that time, could the growth of bushes and running vines well. Its value for fencing may be estimated when it is be kept down; more especially ground ivy, which is known to resist decay in the ground for near a century, poisonous to many if handled, and which sometimes al- and sells in New York market for posts at the rate of most covers the fence. These pests get among the cob-forty to fifty dollars per measured cord. Red cedar of ble stones carted from the fields, in preparation for mow-sufficient age is nearly as lasting. Mulberry is quite so, ing, and thrown under the fence and are very difficult to and the Catalpa is also said to be about as durable as extirpate; so much so that they are allowed to run ram-locust. The two latter varieties are attainable at low pant. As to the great waste of land occupied in making prices, almost at any time in this vicinity. Both are this kind of fence I would remark that it is not all waste. easily transplanted and deserve attention. Grass grows freely along these fences, wherever there is Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. a spot unoccupied, especially adjoining the plowed lands under good culture. Again in dry seasons sometimes immediately after mowing, the stubble and every pasture lot is dry and withered. All along these fences is a mat of green herbage which sheep and cattle will greedily eat, not excepting the poisonous ivy and even the leaves of that cattle upas, the common wild cherry, which throws up numerous succulent sprouts wherever it is cut down. Again in this part of the country we find that apple trees with a little attention, after being planted at convenient distances in the joints of this fence, grow well and bear freely, the form of this fence affording a convenient chance to plant the trees along the joints without being in the way of working the land. Where fruit trees are not planted, a growth of red cedar generally springs mals. Try it. up, becoming in a few years valuable for various purposes of building and affording a fine protection to fields of winter wheat. Last of all when these unsightly fences are repaired, the decayed rails are still worth something. They make very good summer fires, especially for baking, as our good house-keepers can testify. So much for zig zag fence; now for posts and rails. About the year 1816 a post and rail fence was erected on the farm; since that period coming into possession and R. M. CONKLIN. SKUNK TRAP.-A correspondent of the Ohio Farmer describes the following very simple but ingenious way of trapping "vermin :"-Every man may catch his own skunks. I have just discovered a new and novel trap for catching these pesky animals. I take an old flour barrel, tack my bait in the bottom, and lay it on two blocks about six or seven inches high, one of which is near the centre; the skunk goes in, steps over the fulcrum, and the barrel rights up on its end with the skunk in it. He can readily be disposed of by throwing him into the water, aud then shooting him. I have taken five within a few nights. This is safe against cats and other domestic ani The editor of the Maine Farmer suggests the use of Hop vines for bands in binding grain, cornstalks, straw, &c. They are strong, flexible and tough, and have the advantage of being longer than Osiers, if you wish them longer. Indeed they may be cut of any required length, and may be kept and saved after the hop has been gathered, cut into convenient lengths, and laid away until another year for the grain binding.” 50 HONOLULU NECTARINE SQUASH GOODRICH'S SEEDLING POTATOES. SEEDS, nine cents-Giant Emperor and Truffaut's Peony A NEW NEW P. SUTTON, GOOSEBERRY from the great West. The Gooseberry is large, smooth, prolific, of fine flavor, and free from Mildew. The Raspberry is a black cap. even larger and finer than Doolittle's Improved. Circulars sent on application. HEFFRON & BEST, Utica, N. Y. I. VARIETIES.-1. GARNET, CHILI, red. 2. PINK EYE RUSTY COAT, white. 8. Cuzco, white, These three are all round, and ripen with the season. The first two yield very largely, and possess a higher degree of hardiness and adaptation to all soils and weather, than any other sorts known to me. The Cuzco is a little less hardy, but is the largest yielder within my knowledge. 4. COPPER MINE, slightly cop per colored, longish, in hardiness like the Cuzco, and two weeks earlier than the three preceding. These four sorts have all white flesh, GROW CLOSELY in the hill. do not PUSH OUT of the soil, and are very smooth and beautiful, except that the Cuzco is a little deep eyed. In most localities they have all acquired a good character for table quality. They have been selected in a thirteen years experiment, from more than ten thousand new seedlings. In good soils and seasons, and with fair culture, they will readily yield from 250 to 350 bushels to the acre, while in the hands of many of my correspondents, they have far exceeded those figures. have such by 1864. I have no very early sorts that are well tested, but hope to II. AGE AND DIFFUSION.-The Garnet Chili is a seedling of 1853, and has been before the public for six years. It is now more extensively cultivated than any other new variety, and is beginning to be sold under new names. The other three sorts are seedlings originated in in nearly every north of OSIER WILLOW-Salix Purpurea. 1856, and have been in market but by organia and Kentucky, and in Cuttings and Plants at low prices. Feb. 6-wtfm3t. HEFFRON & BEST, Utica, N. Y. Canada. III. PRICE.-$3 (three dollars) per barrel of 140 lbs., $1.50 per bush.. $1 per half bushel, and 50 cents per peck, CASH IN ADVANCE. The HOICE FLOWER SEEDS. larger price is charged for the smaller quantities from the propor tionably greater cost of packing and delivery. We have just imported from Europe A SPLENDID COLLECTION IV. TRANSMISSION.-They will be forwarded by railroad, canal or express, as shall be directed. The sorts shall be kept distinct, and the packages carefully directed. The sorts will be described in a warded by mail when the potatoes are sent. Of the rarest Flower Seeds, comprising upwards of 100 varieties of printed sale bill, with directions for potato culture, which will be forall sorts that thrive best. BEES T EES-The subscriber will sell a large nunber of the queens, or full colonies-Two hundred stocks of common bees- BERKSHIRE SWINE AND YOUNG SHORT-HORN BULLS FOR SALE. Berkshire Sows to produce litters in April and May next varying in price from $20, $15 and $10 each, and Boars old enough for propaga. tion, at the same prices. Boxed and delivered on rail car or ship board. L. G. MORRIS. Jan. 23-w&mtf. Scarsdale P. G., Westchester Co., N. Y. MPORTANT TO CHEESE MAKERS. IMPO THE ONEIDA CHEESE VAT, Ralph's Patent, is superior in practical utiilty, material and work. manship to any in use. Though but recently patented and introduced to the public, the demand for them is unprecedented. Circulars containing a general description, sizes and prices, sent by mail on ap plication to WILLIAM RALPH, Holland Patent, N. Y.. of whom State, County and Town rights for this valuable improvement may be obtained on reasonable terms. Jan. 16-w&mtf. "RURAL AFFAIRS"---2 vols. 12 mo. These volumes consist of a reprint of our Illustrated Annual Register, from its commencement to 1860, with the omission of the Calendar pages and advertisements, and comprise a great amount of matter re. lating to almost every subject of interest to the Country Resident, and are illustrated with over Eight Hundred Engravings, including Laying Out and Planting Ornamental Grounds and Farms, Plans of Farm Houses and Cottages, School Houses, Barns, Ice and Smoke Houses, Garden Structures, Domestic Animals, Farm Implements and Machines, Fences and Gates, Plants, Trees, &c., &c. No Farmer's Library should be without this work. Price $2-or $1 each, sent by mau prepaid. L. TUCKER & SON. Sums of less than $1 may be sent in 3 cent postage stamps. The first of April is as early as potatoes can usually be sent safe from frost, except they go directly south. CHAUNCEY E. GOODRICH, Utica, N. Y. REFERENCES. From among very numerous persons who have cultivated these and others of my seedlings for the last two years, I select the following:-George Buckland, Toronto, Canada West: Geo. Bachelder, Stanstead. Canada East. H. M. Cram, Vergennes, and Albert Breese, Hubbardston, Vt. Charles H. Gleason. Holden, Wm. Bullard. Dedham, and Wm. F, Bassett, Ashfield, Mass. Horace Humphrey, Winchester Corners. Ct. Jesse Vaughn, Cheektowaga, Samuel Bloomfield, John Bowman, Baldwinsville, and Edward Merritt, J. Wells, Fayetteville, E. W. Howell, North Chili, 0. C. Chapin, East Poughkeepsie, N. Y. W. W. Griscom, Woodbury, and Benj. Sheppard, Greenwich, N. J. P. B. Gray, Half Moon, P. Sutton, Pittston, Co., Va., J. Howard McHenry, Baltimore, Md. J. C. Holmes, Lan and Aaron Bombaugh, Harrisburgh, Pa. Yardley Taylor, Loudon sing, and S. T. Douglas, Detroit, Mich. 8. L. Manker, Pontiac, and John Moss, Robin's Nest, Ill. Feb. 13w&m. MANUAL OF AGRICULTURE, of the Prepared under the direction and published with the sanction MASSACHUSETTS STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE, Secretary of the Massachusets State Board of Agriculture, author of ILLUSTRATED BY MANY ENGRAVINGS. and the fidelity, care and practical good sense with which it has been This work supplies a want long and deeply felt in our public schools, prepared cannot fail to commend it to general favor. The Board of Agriculture of Massachusetts, after a most careful and thorough revision, have given to this Manual the following full and hearty en dorsement: Resolved-That this Board approve of the Manual of Agriculture submitted by its authors, Messrs. Geo. B. Emerson and Charles L. Flint, and recommend its publication by these gentleman, as a work well adapted for use in the schools of Massachusetts. Price 75 cents. Copies sent by mail on receipt of the price. Every farmer and every man who cultivates a garden should have this book. For sale by L. TUCKER & SON. Jan. 2-wtf. Albany, N. Y. THE FARMER'S LIBRARY. We know of no works which afford so much Practical Information on the subject of American Agriculture, which can be procured for double the cost, as the Third Series of "THE CULTIVATOR," the 8th vol. of which is now completed. The price of the Eight volumes, handsomely bound in muslin, is 75 cents each at this office, or $1.00 each sent by mail, post paid. Either volume from 1 to 8, can be had separately at the same price. The Eight volumes will be sent per Express to any part of the country, on receipt of $6. Weights and Measures of Corn-Hills vs. Drills, by TAPE LINE... 148 Contrivance for Drawing Water, A Day at Geneva,.. The Farm should not be Overstocked, 149 150 152 153 153 B. 154 Suggestions about the Treatment of Different Soils. by A. B. 155 TERMS.-Single copy, $2 a year-Five copies, #8-Ten copies, $15— all payable in advance, THE ILLUSTRATED Annual Register of Rural Affairs. 144 PAGES-ANNUALLY. This useful little volume was first issued for 1855, and has been con155 tinued each year since. Number Eight for 1862, is already before the 156 public, containing Chapters on Farm Buildings, the Growth of Plants, 158 the Grasses, Lightning Rods, Balloon Frames, Bee-Keeping, Fruits and 158 Fruit Culture, the Dairy, Domestic Animals, Rural Economy, Useful 159 Tables, &c., illustrated with 160 Engravings, 159 160 The Permanence of Wooden Fences, by R. M. CONKLIN.......... 165 TERMS.-Single copy, 25 cents-One Dozen. $2-sent by mail postpaid. The whole Eight numbers, from the commencement, may be had for $1.60, sent postpaid. "RURAL AFFAIRS.” Under this title, new editions of the first Six numbers of the Illustrated Annual Register of Rural Affairs, have been issued in two handsome 150 volumes, on fine paper, with large margin, with the omission of the 155 Calendar pages and Advertisements. Price, handsomely bound, by 159 mail, postpaid, $1 per volume. Address 152 LUTHER TUCKER & SON, Albany, N. Y. ■ Albany, Jan. 1, 1862. ALUABLE BOOKS FOR STOCK GROWERS. 160 HORSES. The Lackey Moth or Caterpillar in Orchards, by C. R. C. MASTEN, 151 158 Neatness in the Flower Garden, by G. B. H.. 158 Trimming the Grape-Shellac Varnish for Vegetable Wounds- RURAL ARCHITECTURE. Youatt & Spooner on the Horse,.. 1.25 Specimens of this magnificent berry were exhibited at the office of and Disease, of Dairy and other Stock; the selection of Milch Cows, the American Agriculturist last year, measuring Six Inches in Circumference, and weighing one ounce. This monstrous berry is a beautiful scarlet color, and an immense bearer. It is belived that the Austin will produce more bushels of fruit to the acre, than any other variety in cultivation, and will command A Much Higher Price in market than the Triomph de Gand or Wilson. It bears fruit for a long time, even after all other varieties have ceased. We have undoubtedly the LARGEST STOCK OF GENUINE PLANTS in cultivation, which we offer at $1 per dozen-$3 per hundred-$20 per thousand. The Austin may be safely planted up to the middle of May. Address either CHAUNCEY MILLER, ILCH COWS AND DAIRY FARMING; Comprising the Breeds, Breeding, and Management in Health with a full explanation of Guenon's Method, the Culture of Forage Plants, and the production of Milk, Butter and Cheese; embodying the most recent improvements, and adapted to Farming in the United States and British Provinces. With a Treatise upon the Dairy Hus bandry of Holland; to which is added Horsfall's System of Dairy Management. By CHARLES L. FLINT, Secretary of the Massachu setts Board of Agriculture; Author of A Treatise on Grasses and Forage Plants," &c. Liberally Illustrated. The above valuable work-the best, we have no hesitation in saying yet issued upon the subject-is for sale at the office of this paper. Albany, Jan. 1-w&mtf. L. TUCKER & SON. OUDRETTE—The genuine article, in lots to |