gested and greatly swollen; also the muscles in the humeral region. Asked, was this horse driven? No. I was somewhat puzzled. Gave medicine for pleuro-pneumonia and applied a mustard sinapism to the chest. Still all symptoms of azoturia present. I again asked, was this horse out? The answer was, the owner had intended going out, but only got several squares and had to return to the stable. Second day, improvement in chest affection, but symptoms of azoturia worse. Partial loss of power of whole body. The animal dropped and laid quiet for an hour, then got up. Third day, same action. Then, in about a week or ten days, seemed well, and was driven as usual. The treatment in this case was a little difficult. Gave medicines first for the chest affection, then next dose I ventured on tonics, nux vomica, changing off as I saw fit.

;

August 14th, azoturia in a sorrel horse, six years old. Brought to my office with profuse perspiration, abdomen tympanitic, with considerable pain and pawing. Thought by the driver to be colic. Was affected in a short time with loss of power in the hind limbs managed to get animal to stable eight squares away. Swelling of the muscles as usual. Horse, after standing five days, had recovered and was driven for two weeks, then was again attacked with the same disease. Upon looking into the case I found the animal had been fed more than the digestive organs could bear, and on resting a few days would be affected as above. The horse has been fed lighter since, and seems to be getting along nicely.

When I find cases as above in pain and tympanitis I treat those symptoms first. Apply stimulating liniments to the congested muscles after the pain has ceased, which usually lasts one hour, then I give my tonics and nerve medicine, very seldom purgatives. Have treated four cases in this city in the last four weeks.

CASE REPORTS.

BY G. E. NESOM, D.V.M.,

CLEMSON COLLEGE, S. C.

CASE I.—An iron-gray mule, eight years old, weighed about 800 pounds. Brought to the College Veterinary Hospital by the owner, who had traded for the mule two years before. At that time he noticed a small open ulcer about the centre of the right anterior tibial region. This soon healed, but gradually enlarged for several months, having assumed the form of a base-ball under

the skin. On examination the tumor proved quite hard, well defined, closely attached to the skin, and only slightly attached to the subjacent tissues. The mule was cast and secured with Conkey harness, hair clipped, and skin disinfected. An elliptical incision was made, and the remaining skin dissected back with some difficulty. This done the tumor was easily removed. The wound was washed with creolin solution, packed with boric acid, silk stitched, and the mule returned home, a distance of seven miles. The wound soon healed entirely, with no scar. On examination of the mass removed it showed to be the size of a small base-ball, with the flat side nearest the limb. It was composed almost entirely of bony matter, irregularly formed, and having a cavity much like a small brain cavity, filled with serum and globules of fatty matter. Specimen preserved.

CASE II.-A small" clay-bank" mule, seven years old, weighed about 650 pounds, used for light farm work just at the foot of Blue Ridge Mountains. Brought to the college free clinic to have an enlargement on the side of the jaw "cut off."

The mass appeared just above the ring in the snaffle-bit on the right side; was some four inches long, tapering to the ends, and appeared one and a half inches in diameter. By placing the finger on Sterno's duct just above the margin of the jaw, and then moving the tumor, traction on the duct was easily detected. The mule was placed on the operating-table, part prepared, and a linear incision made straight down into the mass. After passing through the skin and a rather heavy layer of fibrous tissue the knife came in contact with a hard stone. By enlarging the opening to about one and a half inches a well formed calculus was removed. It was kidneyshaped, though more conical at the ends and measured three inches in length by one and three-eighth inches in diameter at the largest part. The dilated duct was stitched through with catgut so as to bring the mucous surfaces together, then the edges pared and stitched with silk. The skin, which had been dissected back, was closed with silk after being packed with boric acid. Do not know result of wounds.

Dr. Iago, of Athens, Ga., reports a traumatic injury of the lower end of the tibia, of more than a year's standing, caused by a kick; for three months previous had continually grown more. lame. Surgical means for removal of the bony enlargement were adopted, and, though followed by a partially opened joint, in three months the parts had healed, the animal was placed at work, and there proved to be no stiffness of the hock articulations.

EDITORIALS.

THE VETERINARY CORPS, U. S. ARMY.

"The fearful power of inertia in Washington is worse than any active opposition on any subject.

wins."-WM. E. ANNIN.

Such a self-evident fact, as that:

'Hang on' is the dog that

The United States has nearly three million dollars invested in its army horses and mules each year, and its soldiers consume an enormous quantity of animal food annually; and that

The United States is the only civilized government in the world whose army has not a veterinary corps or any proper provision for the care of the health of its animals and for the inspection of the animal food which its soldiers consume; and that

Numerous States have, in the last two decades, established veterinary schools, educating veterinarians to be the scientific peers of other medical men; and that

The work of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the Department of Agriculture, and of the several State Veterinarians, and of the various Agricultural Schools and Experiment Stations, has shown that there are numbers of veterinarians now in this country who, by education, experience, and ability are worthy officials of the government;

Does appeal strongly to everyone who will take the time to consider the subject; but it must be remembered that our legislators in Washington have innumerable important subjects to consider and act upon for the welfare of the government, and that they must choose for immediate action those which have a reason and unquestioned merit.

Fortunately for us, the establishment of a Veterinary Corps in the United States Army equal to that which has been found so valuable and necessary in the armies of all other countries now finds its proper time for immediate legislation.

The very fact that there are certain other needs in the army involving far greater thought and consideration and necessitating the question of vast outlays of money does not in any degree militate against the immediate establishment of an organized Veterinary Service. On the contrary, the service which qualified, competent

veterinarians will render to the army will make the more important changes more easily established.

The Spanish War developed the fact that our military condition. was inadequate to the conditions of to-day. In thirty-five years, since the interstate war, the population of the country, its commerce, and its standing among other countries had doubled, trebled, quadrupled, while its army had remained at the twentyfive thousand which had been deemed sufficient after the war with Mexico. Now the conditions are vastly different. Our coast line has increased from the Atlantic, Gulf, and Lake borders by the addition of the Pacific States, Alaska, and, last year, the ocean commerce of the Indies, East and West. A half-century ago we imported essentials of life from other countries. To-day we are lowering the trade of England and see before us the competition of Germany and Russia for the supremacy of the civilization of the world.

This means a merchant marine to carry our surplus manufactures and food products to every other country on the earth, a navy to protect our commerce, and a reasonable army for our coast defence and for preserving peace and insuring protection to peaceful citizens where the Stars and Stripes float, and have promised it. Modern inventions and their appliance to the arts of war have greatly altered the conditions of a half-century ago. The artillery has grown vastly in importance. Heavy guns, costing each in construction from a few thousand to many thousands of dollars, are needed at each of our ports and in the mobile field artillery, which makes the protection of an army to-day.

Perhaps the greatest need of the army to-day is an Artillery Corps; the expensive guns of our coast defence are rusting and lying idle, while three thousand of our artillerymen are serving as infantry to meet immediate necessities. But, for the efficiency of our field artillery, an ORGANIZED VETERINARY CORPS is needed to insure the purchase of sound horses, to see that they are properly fed and shod, and to care for their health and consequent utility.

The experience of our Indian wars for a quarter of a century and the conditions which face us to-day in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines are not those of war, but of the results of war. Public roads must be opened and protected to furnish peaceful travel to the industrious farmer and merchant who develop real civilization. For this purpose armies are not needed, but squads of cavalry which can rapidly patrol the developing country and guard its safety. Over mountain trails pack trains are needed for

all transportation, until steam and electricity follow the final civilization.

Ten thousand of our increased army will have to be added to our present ten regiments of cavalry, while the pack trains and quartermasters' trains of army wagons carry supplies to all.

For the efficiency of these, an ORGANIZED VETERINARY SERVICE is a necessity.

While the reorganization of the General Staff in the purely Military Departments of the army is of most urgent necessity, the work of the Quartermaster's Department and of the Commissary Department in the United States army is radically deficient in the absence of an ORGANIZED VETERINARY SERVICE.

The hygienic conditions of animals on transports, the inspection of forage, and the altered rations for animals necessitated by tropical surroundings, the inspection of cattle for food, and of the meat ration for the soldier can only be properly made by competent veterinarians controlled by an organized service.

After all the criticism of the beef furnished to the United States soldiers in the Spanish War, the army has not to-day a qualified meat inspection service. In every other civilized country in the world an ORGANIZED CORPS OF VETERINARIANS inspect the live cattle and the slaughtered meat which the soldiers eat.

The unquestionable standard of the examinations of the Medical Department of the United States Army shows how efficiently a group of talented professional men can be collected who, for money compensation far below that earned in civil life, will devote their best energies to honest labor for the good of their country. A properly organized Veterinary Corps, according rank and recognition, will bring into the service the best element of young, energetic men, whose ambition will be to show that they deserve the place so tardily accorded them.

Under the present system a qualified veterinarian may enter the service with hope, but will not remain in it.

Years ago General Sheridan arranged for the establishment of a Veterinary Service, which his death delayed. To-day General Miles recommends it. Generals Merritt, Brooke, Wilson, Breckenridge, Randolph, and Charles King, General Ludington, the Quartermaster-General, Colonels Lee, Wheeler, Pullman, and other officers of the Quartermaster's Department, and Colonel Hein, Commandant of Cadets at West Point, all have expressed themselves in favor of the establishment of a Veterinary Corps in the army.

The majority of the United States Senators and of the members.