10. Terrazzo (Tile).

All rooms so indicated on drawings shall have terrazzo tile floors and base as manufactured by.....

All doors shall have terrazzo Tile must be so made that their and when rubbed to a finished

..............or equal. The pressure used in the manufacture of all tile for the work shall not be less than 2500 lb. to the square inch. All tile shall be 12"x12" for the field and have a double border. All tile to be not less than one inch (1") in thickness. All rooms having terrazzo tile floors shall have a six-inch (6") terrazzo cove base as detailed. plinths in connection with terrazzo base. structure will be free from air bubbles, surface must present a solid body. No tile, the surface of which has been filled or otherwise treated after rubbing, shall be used. The tile shall be laid in a true and level plane at elevations shown on drawings, in a first class and workmanlike manner. Great care shall be taken to have all lines and spacings true and straight, and all joints of even width, not exceeding one-sixteenth (1/16") of an inch. Provide terrazzo thresholds at all doors in connection with terrazzo tile floors, unless thresholds of other materials are called for.

Tile shall be set on a bed of mortar composed of two (2) parts Portland cement and three (3) parts sand. Tile to be rammed to a solid and even bed, grouted and rubbed.

Before depositing bedding mortar, the entire surface shall be cleaned and well saturated with water to prevent too rapid absorption of water from bedding mortar.

After tile is laid and properly grouted, all tile floors shall be holystoned to reduce inequalities of surface. All tile for floors and base shall be made with marble chips of kind and color selected by the Engineer. Contractor shall submit samples of tile and setting plan for approval before getting out any work.

Contractor shall guarantee all terrazzo work for a period of one year after completion against defects of workmanship or material.

11. Marble for Floors.

Marble floors and floor borders shall be composed of marble tile not less than seven-eighths (%) inch in thickness, cut with full faces, sawn bed, and all edges rubbed to the exact size required.

Each piece of marble shall be set in full bed of Portland cement mortar, and when set, all joints shall butt and match perfectly and closely and shall be perfectly flush. All pieces shall be selected and located in the floor according to character of veinings and color.

12. Vitrified Tile.

(a) On Walls.-Tile for walls shall be salt glazed white tile laid in cement with hair line joints absolutely plumb and true without waves. Where trim of other material is not specified, the tile shall be returned into all riveals and soffits and the angle shall be formed of angle tile with corner rounded to a radius of about one (1") inch. Where tile wainscot

A

is called for there will also be required a sanitary tile base eight (8′′) inches high.

(b) Floor Tile.-To be hexagonal or other approved shapes of vitrified tile, set in cement mortar. Border of two (2") inch square tile to be laid at the intersection of floor with base.

13. Beds.

The distance from the finished floor to the rough floor will be not less than two (2") inches and this Contractor shall fill in on top of the rough floors to the desired line with concrete composed of one part Portland cement, two parts sand and four parts crushed stone or gravel to form bed for flooring material.

14. General Conditions.

All materials entering into the work and all methods used by the Contractor shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer and no part of the work will be considered as finally accepted until all the work is completed and accepted.

The General Conditions as given in Section 1 of this specification shall be considered as to apply with equal force to this section of the specification.

This report of Sub-Committe on Ice Houses and Icing Stations is to be considered only a preliminary study on the subject; as a study should first be made of the various arrangements of ice houses and platforms handling natural and artificial ice, either crushed or cake, by both gravity and mechanical methods, and the many conditions which affect the type and arrangement. Ice houses and icing stations do not come in what might be called the "ornate" phase of building construction; but with a little study of proportion and arrangement the result-with the equipment in working order and ice delivered to storage, or from storage to trains. The entire layout moving smoothly-will reward the designer for his efforts.

Icing stations, while not a direct revenue producer, are a necessary facility in connection with the operation of some railways. A dollar well spent will be doubled by saving in operation. As an illustration: Assuming that the selected point for a station having a great amount of icing to be done in a limited amount of time, one could build a gravity system, the cheapest layout known. From an economical operating standpoint this may not be the proper thing to do, as gravity is a slow method of handling ice. There are now on the market many good mechanical appliances which are very effective in handling ice speedily, both crushed and cake, which are flexible to many conditions. In connection with both of these methods of handling ice, there is an element which must be always taken into consideration, namely, that the ice must be always under control, as, once it gets away, there is no way to regain control of it and the result is collision of the cakes, broken ice and loss of money.

Ordinarily, there is not enough thought given to arrangement of rooms and machinery. Poor arrangement will increase the cost of filling a house as much as five or more per cent. per ton. This also applies to the movement of ice from storage to cars. Some consider the number of rooms an essential point; the larger the number of rooms, the easier to keep things moving smoothly-in fact, the amount of ice that can be harvested is proportionate to the number of rooms-small squads stationed in different rooms being able to take care of ice rapidly in a house of twelve rooms or more, as the workers can be changing skids in two or three rooms and filling in while the rest take the full supply of the elevator. Wide doors are also a help. The doors must be wide enough to admit a chute built so that the ice can run either wayi. e., wider in the clear than the diagonal of the cake. The doorman should be able to switch the ice any way and not have to direct it the

narrow way. However, there are some disadvantages in wide doors, as they produce an increase in shrinkage of ice when the ice is being moved.

In laying out an ice house, where harvesting is done, care should be taken to properly grade the ground and place the building at sufficient distance from the source of supply to provide an easy incline and thus avoid the necessity of using knuckle wheels or any other unnecessary machinery, arranging it so that the doors do not face the water, and so that the house is not too deep, preferably with long, narrow rooms.

To prevent rise of temperature from the heat passing through the ground, it is desirable to have some of the storage space below the grade line, if possible about twelve inches below the frost line, governing the depth by drainage conditions.

If additional capacity is required, it is more desirable to build the house higher than to spread it out. Some consider a height of fifty fect better than to stop at thirty-four or thirty-five feet.

The filling of ice houses, where natural ice is harvested, is done by means of portable slides. These are placed on the ground, made up in sections, and lined with half oval iron strips to reduce friction. These lead to the foot of a gig elevator or lift which may be operated by various means, preferably motor driven. Where a storage house is built with more than one compartment, it may be equipped with one or more gigs and lowering machines, depending on conditions. Ice can also be delivered to the house, where the natural conditions do not suffice, by means of a platform at car floor height, 3′ 6′′ above the rail. This platform is used, not only in storing ice, but also in case ice is desired to be shipped away. One point which must be considered in an icing station is to avoid back travel of ice from one destination to another, or duplicate handling. Also, it is well to avoid the use of underground tunnels which mean expensive construction and maintenance.

An icing station of simple construction is usually a one-room storage with a gig elevator at one end which runs in a vertical direction through the ante-room annex to the storage room. The floor is usually 16'6" above the top of the rail. Below the ante-room is an unloading platform 3' 6" above rail. This is not enclosed. Directly above the ante-room is the crusher room to which block ice is delivered. The gig may be reached at any one of the three elevations or at any elevation from the storage side. The opening to the storage side may be enclosed with hinged doors or boarded up and insulated as the house is filled, removing them as the ice is removed. The floor of the ante-room should be pitched, with a trough or gutter at one side. The flooring should be of 2" matched material, made as water-tight as possible. Where a mechanical crusher is not installed, breaker bars of iron or wood are set in between the joists of the crusher room floor, using spouts for dropping ice to the cart below. The ante-room is used mainly as a storage space for block ice and carts for handling crushed ice, which facilitates the quick icing of a train. Platforms are usually 12' wide x 200′ or more in length and

16′ 6′′ high, running parallel to ice house and directly connected with anteroom of same.

These ice houses are usually of frame construction, the storage houses 32′ high with a gabled roof 1 x 6 D. & M. Bds., and asphalt shingles, and a straw or hay loft constructed between the collar beams and rafters of the roof construction. The straw or hay is thrown over the ice as the house is filled, for insulating purposes; and as the house is emptied, this material is reclaimed into the bin by means of a gig, buckets or forks.

A wall construction that has been successful in this type of house is constructed of 2 x 12 studs, placed 24-inch centers, covered on either side with 1 x 6 D. & M., diagonally, and over this a good, water-proof paper. On the interior, an additional layer of 1 x 6 is laid; on the exterior, drop siding. The space between the studs is filled with dry, hand-made, white pine shavings or similar material which will not pack. To prevent the passage of moisture to the insulation above, due to capillary action, it is preferable to fill the lower seven to ten feet of wall with granulated cork.

On the interior surface of the building it is desirable to use a good, water-proof paint, or spar varnish. The underside of the roof rafters should be ceiled up, leaving space at the ends of about two feet, forming a channel parallel with the rafters, allowing a circulating space for the warm air to ascend to ridge of the building. There should be an open monitor on the ridge of the roof. This need not be very highjust enough so that the rain will not beat in, and allow enough space for the warm air to pass out. One of the essential points in wall construction is that careful consideration be given to the sill plate that there be no air leaks. This can be effected by the use of offset joint well coated with car glue or other water-proofing material.

Due to the difference in temperature between the exterior and interior, walls exposed to the sun for a large portion of the day, especially south walls, are liable to warp. To overcome this, an additional air space formed of 2 x 6 studs and one layer of drop siding is built on the exterior face of the building after the storage wall is finished. There should be an open space left at the bottom and top for circulation, allowing hot air to pass out at the top.

Where a wall thickness of 16" of insulation is desired, the construction, which has some merit of economy, is as follows: Studs are erected using 2x6 stuff, set opposite and 4" apart, lacing the two by means of 2x4 girts 16" long. This also makes filling easier, as fill will flow longitudinally.

At the lower portion of buildings which do not have concrete foundation, it is well to tie transversely with rods to avoid spreading; these should be below the floor to avoid obstruction. In the storage portion of an ice house, it is considered best to eliminate the use of interior supporting members, as there is objection to interior posts.

The floors of some refrigerated houses are constructed of cinders 12" thick and in some cases over this a two-inch plank floor on sleepers has given good results. The floors should pitch slightly toward the center