...of juvenile court laws has been sustained in over 40 jurisdictions against a variety of attacks.15 The early reformers were appalled by adult procedures...sentences and mixed in jails with hardened criminals. They were profoundly convinced that society's duty to the child could not be confined by the concept...

...criminal law were therefore to be discarded. The idea of crime and punishment was to be abandoned. The child was to be "treated" and "rehabilitated"...institutionalization, were to be "clinical" rather than punitive. These results were to be achieved, without coming to conceptual and constitutional grief,...

...process as justifications for denying traditional procedural safeguards to juveniles.105 Theoretically, the "child was to be 'treated' and 'rehabilitated'...institutionalization, were to be 'clinical' rather than punitive."106 These results were to be achieved, without coming to conceptual and constitutional grief,...

...states. Of this doctrine, the Supreme Court of the United States in o O the Gault decision^0 said: The early reformers were appalled by adult procedures and penalties, and by the fact that children be given long prison sentences and mixed in jails with hardened criminals. They were profoundly convinced...

...adults and juveniles was summarized eloquently by Mr. Justice Fortas: "The early reformers," he said, were appalled by adult procedures and penalties, and...sentences and mixed in jails with hardened criminals. They were profoundly convinced that society's duty to the child could not be confined by the concept...

...criminal law were therefore to be discarded. The idea of crime and punishment was to be abandoned. The child was to be "treated" and "rehabilitated"...institutionalization, were to be "clinical" rather than punitive. These results were to be achieved, without coming to conceptual and constitutional grief,...

...procedures that inevitably distorted the complexities of life. As the US Supreme Court declared in 1967: The early reformers were appalled by adult procedures...sentences and mixed in jails with hardened criminals. They were profoundly convinced that society's duty to the child could not be confined by the concept...

...Supreme Court described the situation which gave rise to juvenile justice reform in the United States: The early reformers were appalled by adult procedures...sentences and mixed in jails with hardened criminals. They were profoundly convinced that society's duty to the child could not be confined by the concept...

...Abe Fortas in his decision in the Gault case: The idea of crime and punishment was to be abandoned. The child was to be "treated" and "rehabilitated"...institutionalization, were to be "clinical" rather than punitive. These results were to be achieved, without coming to conceptual and constitutional grief,...

...this development are well-known, but a recapitulation is necessary for purposes of this opinion.*** The early reformers were appalled by adult procedures...sentences and mixed in jails with hardened criminals. They were profoundly convinced that society's duty to the child could not be confined by the concept...