value of any particular water scheme for San Francisco, then, certainly, that this species of legislation should be thoroughly understood by your committee now having the subject matter in charge, is clear. We, therefore, shall present to you figures and facts which cannot be truthfully questioned, their correctness challenged, or their magnitude denied. We presume the object of this character of special legislation is ostensibly to give to the people of San Francisco the right to state, not whether they want water-works, but whether they will take the special properties named in this bill, and at the figures therein stated. We petition you that the right be given, by public competition, to any person to supply San Francisco with pure fresh water, and to construct water-works, and that that matter, after being subjected to public competition, be ratified by the people, or else fail. There is nothing in such a proposition as this which is unreasonable, unfair, or unjust. But, as the only matter to which we now propose to give attention upon the present status of legislation on water, is the unreasonableness and the injustice of such legislation as outlined in this bill, we respectfully state to you that the adoption of any one of these measures, after a proper understanding of the facts, will be in effect a declaration to the people of San Francisco, your immediate constituents, that if they do not purchase Spring Valley, Laguna de la Merced, and San Mateo Water-works, they shall not have any other water-works, even though superior water-works can be furnished and obtained by the people for many millions of dollars less. The limit fixed for Spring Valley is twelve millions of dollars, and it is not presumed it will be offered for less; Laguna de la Merced, two millions, and San Mateo, one million, making a grand total of fifteen million dollars. Assuming that Spring Valley can be purchased for eleven million dollars; Laguna de la Merced, one million five hundred thousand dollars; San Mateo, five hundred thousand dollars, we have a total of thirteen million dollars, with no increased supply, but only the supply of water which the people of San Francisco now have, and which has been demonstrated to be inadequate, and with it we will receive a service system which no engineer of respectable attainments, outside of the companies in interest, will give an opinion is either adequate, sufficient, or capable a service system which, as soon as received by the city, will immediately be a source of large and continual expense. The supply of water contemplated in this bill will be wholly inadequate in the year eighteen hundred and eighty-one, and San Francisco will then have to complete the Calaveras scheme, which, according to Colonel Mendell, will cost eight million six hundred and ninety-one thousand four hundred and eighteen dollars; to complete dam at Crystal Springs, one million five hundred thousand dollars; to complete service system to distribute quantity of water used, one million five hundred thousand dollars; total, eleven million six hundred and ninety-one thousand four hundred and eighteen dollars (the last figures being the calculation of Colonel P. M. Randall, Engineer); Laguna de la Merced Pumping-works, five hundred thousand dollars; incidental expenses, purchase of property, right of way, and riparian rights in San Andreas, Crystal Springs, and Calaveras, at least one million dollars; making a total of twelve million six hundred and ninety-one thousand four hundred and eighteen dollars; add purchase price, thirteen million dollars; grand total, twenty-five million six hundred and ninety-one thousand four hundred and eighteen dollars. And for this expenditure of near twentysix millions of dollars the people of San Francisco will have from San Mateo drainage basins seventeen million gallons; from Calaveras, thirty million gallons; Lobos Creek, two million gallons; Laguna de la Merced, five million gallons; Lower Crystal Springs, five million gallons; making a total of fifty-nine million gallons daily. Intelligent legislation upon a subject of so much importance would seem to require that the question should be asked and answered: When will fifty-nine millions of gallons daily supply be exhausted? According to Colonel Mendell, the amount allowed per capita is sixty gallons per diem. According to Professor Davidson, who says that owing to our dry climate for a large portion of the year one hundred gallons per diem is not an over estimate. Our population at present being estimated at three hundred thousand people; in eighteen hundred and eighty-seven it is estimated at five hundred thousand people; in eighteen hundred and ninetyseven it is estimated at eight hundred thousand people; in nineteen hundred and seven it is estimated at one million one hundred thousand people. Whenever our population shall reach nine hundred thousand people, our water supply will be practically insufficient. That such a number will be resident in San Francisco before twentyfive years is not at this day doubted by any intelligent citizen. San Francisco then, before the maturity of the water bonds, will ascertain that it has issued vast millions of bonds for a property in waterworks which has demonstrated its uselessness, inefficiency, and worthlessness before the maturity of the obligations issued for its purchase. In the enactment of any legislation for the purchase of water-works, it would seem proper that some information should be sought relative to the cost of perfecting the same, and for a distribution or city service system, and also the cost of maintenance of works; and as such has not been furnished this Legislature we have deemed it proper to furnish it to your honorable body in order that you may have the same verified, or its correctness challenged, for it is for your constituents to foot the huge debt sought to be thus incurred. We assert the cost of water-works developed, under this bill, twenty-six million dollars. guarantees for the fulfillment whenever a proper and adequate law is passed on the subject. The advantages of our proposition to the public of San Francisco will consist in having one-half more water at the same cost. All your dams will be made of stone and none of earth. All of your water will be delivered at a height of three hundred feet above city base, and none of it pumped unless it be a very small quantity for such portion of the city as lies above the three hundred-foot level. It will create new and taxable properties equal in value to the money expended. In the construction of these water-works we will furnish employment to from two thousand to five thousand men for from two to three years, and render busy hundreds of workshops throughout this State. Every portion of the line will be new, and constructed in accordance with the latest developments in hydraulic engineering, and under the direction of the city's engineer. The city distribution pipe service will be all new and adequate to the wants of a city of one million of inhabitants, thus diminishing the dangers from fire and rates of insurance; and we shall still have in reserve sixty million gallons' daily supply in our reservoirs, with Clear Lake in the back ground only seventeen miles distant and three hundred feet higher than our main reservoir, and from which the supply is limitless, and when the day comes when its use shall have been proved a necessity, the public mind, we are confident, will have become disabused of the idea that the quality of its water is such as for interested motives it has heretofore been pronounced to be. We protest against the enactment of this special law which you are asked to pass in the special interests of special corporations, or in the special interests of the special parties named in this bill. We protest against a bill which states to the people of San Francisco, when it is unmasked and the shallow disguise of words stripped from it: The people of San Francisco shall acquire, by purchase or otherwise, nolens volens, the Spring Valley Water-works, its appendants and dependents, or they shall not have the power to have any other. We protest against the passage of this bill, now without an author, which, if it ever becomes a law, and if valid, can be enforced to the extent of fifteen million and more dollars, and which, for future utility, must have nearly fifteen million and more dollars expended before the date of maturity of the bonds issued for the purchase and its full development. We protest against the passage of any special law which has for its object the purpose of cementing and forcing upon us a water scheme which to-day is condemned by every free thinking, untrammeled, and outspoken citizen of San Francisco. And we beg to remind Assemblymen from San Francisco that it is a singular attempt at singular if not unprecedented legislation which compels our, legislative department of San Francisco to advertise and award contracts for supplies for even its paupers and criminals to the lowest responsible bidders, and yet, for the acquisition of an immense property to cost millions of money, which is either to be a burden or a benefit to our commonwealth, studiously stops and prevents all open public competition, and says in effect to our people: This system of water-works by us selected you may and shall have, but none other shall you have. If the special water properties named in this bill, the authorship nobody claims, now before your committee, be superior or even equal to other water properties, they certainly have not anything to fear from an open, honest, public competition; and if they have not, it is the most potent reason why you, the representatives of the people, legislating only in their behalf and for the common benefit of all the people of San Francisco, should not fail to do all in your power for all the people of that city, and leave a matter of the greatest magnitude ever presented to the public of San Francisco to an open, fearless, even-handed, public competition. JOHN MULLAN, JOSEPH M. NOÚGUES, For Feather River Water Company. Provided the Dean Water Bill becomes a law, we submit you herewith a table of its costs to the City of San Francisco at the end of thirty years at simple and compound interest, as prepared and computed by Mr. P. M. Randall, Civil Engineer and Engineer of the Feather River Water Company; and it shows that the cost, at the end of thirty years, at simple interest, will be the enormous sum of seventy-four million five hundred and eighty-seven thousand three hundred and fifty-nine dollars, and at compound interest the still more enormous sum of one hundred and thirty-five million three hundred and thirty-seven thousand one hundred dollars. Respectfully, JOHN MULLAN, JOSEPH M. NOÚGUES. For Feather River Water Company. ANALYSIS OF THE COST To the City of San Francisco, in the event that the so-called Dean's Water Bill (whose authorship is unknown, and repudiated by its putative author,) shall be enacted into a law, as prepared for the Assembly San Francisco Delegation by P. M. Randall, Civil Engineer, based upon engineering data, from the reports of the water engineers, et al., of the City and County of San Francisco. Submitted as evidence to the San Francisco Assembly Delegation in opposition to the bill. SPRING VALLEY WATER-WORKS THEIR CAPACITES, PRESENT AND PROSPECTIVE. Calaveras Springs (dam to be 183 feet high). 25,000,000,000 gallons. -37,000,000,000 gallons. -27,600,000,000 gallons. 132 STORAGE CAPACITY OF RESERVOIRS IN THE CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO. 3,750,000 gallons. 6,750,000 gallons. 2,250,000 gallons. 556732 6.860398 Upper Russian Hill (elevation above city base 300 feet). Total distributing reservoir capacity Total storage capacity, both in and out of the city, with Upper Crystal Springs completed.. 140,000 gallons. 400,000 gallons. 15,000,000 gallons. 33,000,000 gallons. 61,290,000 gallons. 15,831,290,000 gallons. Arroyos Honda and Valle have no known reservoir sites. Coast District has no reservoir sites on the western slope. The only suitable storage reservoir is that of Crystal Springs. 7.41713 VALUE IN DAILY SUPPLY AT PRESENT OF San Andreas and Pillarcitos.. Lobos Creek (by pumping)-. Laguna de la Merced (by pumping) Total 9,000,000 gallons. 2,000,000 gallons. 5,000,000 gallons. -16,000,000 gallons. 17,000,000 gallons. 30,000,000 gallons. 2,000,000 gallons. 5,000,000 gallons. .54,000,000 gallons. According to the United States census, the population of New York was 942,292 in 1870, and according to New York State census, 1,046,037 in 1875. Showing an increase of 103,745 in five years-say 200,000 in ten years, or 20,000 in one year. Carrying out this parallelism between New York and San Francisco, and adopting sixty gallons a day per capita, and the following results obtain : 1877-Population, 300,000; daily consumption--- 1882 1883 1886 1887 Population, 400,000; daily consumption .... Population, 483,000; daily consumption...--1887-Population, 500,000; daily consumption. 1893-Population, 662,000; daily consumption. 1897-Population, 800,000; daily consumption 1905-Population, 960,000; daily consumption. 1906-Population, 980,000; daily consumption_. 1907-Population, 1,000,000; daily consumption 1909-Population, 1,040,000; daily consumption. 1917-Population, 1,200,000; daily consumption. 1923-Population, 1,316,000; daily consumption. 1927-Population, 1,400,000; daily consumption.. 1929-Population, 1,440,000; daily consumption. 1941 Population, 1,680,000; daily consumption.. 1957-Population, 2,000,000; daily consumption. Cost of conduit from Crystal Springs to San Francisco. Cost of works of 24,000,000 gallons daily capacity - Annual expenses, exclusive of repairs and administration_ 40,000 1,000,000 400,000 $16,640,000 $998,400 101,994 $1,100,394 Daily capacity of existing works, with Upper and Lower Crystal Springs----29,000,000 gallons. UPPER CRYSTAL SPRINGS RESERVOIR. Elevation of the floor of the outlet tunnel LOWER CRYSTAL SPRINGS RESERVOIR. Elevation of the base of reservoir above city base... 220 feet. From 160 feet To 180 feet. 140 feet. It appears from these data that the conduit of the Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir cannot effectually be employed for carrying any portion of the waters of the lower reservoir, unless its dam is carried to a great height and the reservoir kept well repleted. Hence, an additional pipe or pumping works connecting with some main to the City of San Francisco, and not provided for in Col. Mendell's report, seems to be absolutely necessary. Allowing the cost of this pipe the same as that of the Upper Crystal Springs $12,000,000 2,200,000 1,000,000 $15,200,000 Cost of works of 29,000,000 gallons daily capacity Interest on $19,140,000, at 6 per cent. per annum. Annual cost, exclusive of repairs and administration__ Capacity of Calaveras, Upper Crystal Springs, San Andreas, Pillarcitos, Lobos Cost of existing works, as per Senate Coalition Bill. Cost of works of 54,000,000 gallons daily capacity_ Interest on $23,891,418, at 6 per cent. per annum. Annual expenses, exclusive of repairs and administration $1,000,000 400,000 17,740,000 $19,140,000 $1,148,400 101,994 $1,250,394 54,000,000 gallons. $15,200,000 8,691,418 $23,891,418 $1,433,485 101,994 $1,535,479 It will be observed that the reservoir capacity assigned Crystal Springs is thirty-seven billion gallons; this is equivalent, according to the given rule, of a daily supply of forty-one million gallons. Now the maximum daily resources of the Crystal Springs water-shed are thirteen million gallons, exhibiting a reservoir capacity above the daily supply capacity of the watershed of twenty-eight million gallons. By what means and at what cost the Crystal Springs reservoirs are to be filled is problematic, and the problem has a forbidding aspect. Proposed ocean slope pumping works, to raise annually twelve billion eight hundred and sixty-four million gallons; the expense of raising twelve billion eight hundred and sixty-four million gallons annually, two hundred and fifty feet high, and discharging the same into the Crystal Springs reservoir, would be seven hundred and ninety-eight thousand two hundred and eleven dollars and twenty cents. This, it will be borne in mind, is exclusive of the first cost of machinery. Farther: Twelve billion eight hundred and sixty-four million gallons, estimated as storage capacity, according to Colonel Mendell's rule of dividing by nine hundred, is equivalent to fourteen million three hundred thousand gallons daily supply. This quantity, it will be noted, is thirteen million seven hundred thousand gallons less than the requirement, to wit, twenty-eight million gallons daily. It is farther to be stated that the San Francisco Water Company claim the right to the waters of Pescadero, San Lobos, San Gregorio, Tenadas, Louvitas, and Purissima Creeks. Mr. Hoadley, C. E., estimates that the Pescadero will furnish daily ten million gallons; that the tunnels (aggregating thirteen miles in length) to the Crystal Springs can be constructed for three million dollars, and proposes to sell to the city the company's right for five hundred thousand dollars. Ten (10,000,000) million gallons daily, it will be perceived, fail to meet the requirements of filling the Crystal Springs reservoirs by eighteen (18,000,000) million gallons daily flow. "The absence of reservoir sites compels the adoption of the device, namely: A conduit with capacity to carry a large quantity in the rainy season.”—(Mendell, p. 123.) The conduit in question is prepared to carry daily one hundred and twenty-five million gallons (which will evidently be found too small to effect the designed object). Mr. Hoadley, speaking of the line proposed by Mr. Schustler, "Of going around the shores of the ocean or going around the shores of the bay," says: "In fact, I think I could guarantee that the route will be over one hundred and forty miles long." Discolorations of the waters, caused by the escape of redwood sawdust from the mills to the streams, is mentioned by Colonel Mendell. The estimate of Mr. Scowden, that it will cost seven hundred and ninety-eight thousand two hundred and eleven dollars and twenty cents to raise twelve billion eight hundred and sixtyfour million gallons annually two hundred and fifty feet in height and discharge the same into Crystal Springs reservoir, seems nothing in excess of the requirements of the problem, either with respect to the quantity to be raised or the cost of doing it, for the quantity required to replete the reservoir is twenty-five billion two hundred million gallons; adding to which the evaporation of three years, and it will quite nearly equal three times the quantity proposed to be raised annually by Mr. Scowden. Farther, in order to provide for years of drought, the capacity of the pumping machinery must be adequate to control the waters of a wet year and fill the reservoirs in a short time. After which, for a long time, the care of the machinery will be attended with expense without compensating results. The gaugings run in daily flow of Pescadero, January, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, two million four hundred and thirty-four thousand one hundred gallons; May, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, eight million gallons; San Gregorio, January, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, one million four hundred and fifteen thousand two hundred gallons; May, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, five million gallons; about one-half, at best, of the daily flow required for the entire year. But admitting the possibility of rendering the ocean slope source sufficient to fill the reservoir yearly, and accepting Mr. Scowden's estimated annual cost of pumping twelve billion eight hundred and sixty-four million gallons at seven hundred and ninety-eight thousand two hundred and eleven dollars and twenty cents, then will this sum, as an annuity, at six per cent. per annum, in thirty (30) years amount to sixty-three million one hundred and five thousand nine hundred and forty-two dollars. But, leaving the solution of the problem of filling the Crystal Springs reservoir to those more deeply interested, let us resume, confining our investigations to the probable daily supply of the resources named in the Senate Coalition Bill, and the cost therefor By reference to the table of increase in population of San Francisco and the corresponding water consumption, it would seem a necessity, viewed from a Spring Valley standpoint, that Calaveras should, at an early date, be developed, for the water consumption will amount in eighteen hundred and eighty-two and eighty-three to twenty-four million gallons, the ultimate capacity of the Spring Valley Water-works, with Upper Crystal Spring dam completed, and including Lobos Creek and Laguna de la Merced (both asserted to be unfit for domestic purposes). The cost of the Spring Valley Water-works, when so developed, will be twenty-three million eight hundred and ninety-one thousand four hundred and eighteen dollars. eral value of the existing pipe system" (city) two million dollars. CAPACITIES OF MAIN CONDUITS TO SAN FRANCISCO. From Pillarcitos (at present).- "A lib 12,000,000 gallons daily. 9,000,000 gallons daily. 18,000,000 gallons daily. 2,000,000 gallons daily. 5,000,000 gallons daily. 18,000,000 gallons daily. 16,000,000 gallons daily. Total capacities of main conduits, from coalition works, required__ 80,000,000 gallons daily. |