Justices. respectively, from and including the first Monday of January, next succeeding their election. They shall meet as soon as practicable after their election and qualification, and at their first meeting shall determine, by lot, the term of office each Rank of shall fill, and the Justice drawing the shortest term shall be Chief Justice, and after the expiration of his term, the one having the next shortest term shall be Chief Justice, after which the senior Justice in commission shall be Chief Justice, and in case the commission of any two or more of said Justices shall bear the same date, they shall determine by lot who shall be Chief Justice. and powers of. SEC. 4. The Supreme Court shall have appellate juris- Jurisdiction diction in all cases in equity; also, in all cases at law in which is involved the title or right of possession to, or the possession of, real estate or mining claims, or the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, toll or municipal fine, or in which the demand (exclusive of interest) or the value of the property in controversy exceeds three hundred dollars; also, in all other civil cases not included in the general subdivisions of law and equity, and also on questions of law alone in all criminal cases in which the offense charged amounts to felony. The Court shall also have power to issue writs of mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, quo warranto and habeas corpus, and also all writs necessary or proper to the complete exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. Each of the Justices shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus to any part of the State upon petition by, or on behalf of, any person held in actual custody, and may make such writs returnable before himself or the Supreme Court, or before any District Court in the State, or before any Judge of said Courts. into judicial SEC. 5. The State is hereby divided into nine judicial State divided districts, of which the County of Storey shall constitute the districts. first; the County of Ormsby the second; the County of Lyon the third; the County of Washoe the fourth; the Counties of Nye and Churchill the fifth; the County of Humboldt the sixth; the County of Lander the seventh; the County of Douglas the eighth, and the County of Esmeralda the ninth. The County of Roop shall be attached to the County of Washoe for judicial purposes, until otherwise provided by law. The Legislature may, however, provide by law for an alteration in the boundaries or divisions of the districts herein prescribed, and also for increasing or diminishing the number of the judicial districts and Judges therein. But no such change shall take effect, except in case of a vacancy, or the expiration of the term of an incumbent of the office. At the first general election under this Constitution, there shall be elected in each of the respective districts (except as in this section hereafter otherwise provided) one District Judge, who shall hold office from and including the first Monday of December, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and until the first Monday of January, in the year eighteen hundred Manner of District Courts. and sixty-seven. After the said first election there shall be elected at the general election which immediately precedes the expiration of the term of his predecessor, one District Judge in each of the respective judicial districts (except in the first district, as in this section hereinafter provided.) The District Judges shall be elected by the qualified electors of their respective districts, and shall hold office for the term of four years (excepting those elected at said first election) from and including the first Monday of January next succeeding their election and qualification; provided, that the First Judicial District shall be entitled to, and shall have, three District Judges, who shall possess coextensive and concurrent jurisdiction, and who shall be elected at the same times, in the same manner, and shall hold office for the like terms as herein prescribed in relation to the Judges in other judicial districts. Any one of said Judges may preside on the empaneling of grand juries, and the presentment and trial on indictments, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by law. SEC. 6. The District Courts in the several judicial districts Jurisdiction of this State shall have original jurisdiction in all cases in equity; also, in all cases at law which involve the title or the right of possession to, or the possession of, real property or mining claims, or the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, toll or municipal fine, and in all other cases in which the demand (exclusive of interest) or the value of the property in controversy exceeds three hundred dollars; also, in all cases relating to the estates of deceased persons, and the persons and estates of minors and insane persons, and of the action of forcible entry and unlawful detainer; and also in all criminal cases not otherwise provided for by law; they shall also have final appellate jurisdiction in cases arising in Justice Courts, and such other inferior tribunals as may be established by law. The District Courts and the Judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus, injunction, quo warranto, certiorari, and all other writs proper and necessary to the complete exercise of their jurisdiction; and also shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus on petition by, or on behalf of, any person held in actual custody in their respective districts. SEC. 7. The times of holding the Supreme Court and District Courts shall be as fixed by law. The terms of the Supreme Court shall be held at the seat of government; and the terms of the District Courts shall be held at the county seats of their respective counties; provided, that in case any county shall be hereafter divided into two or more districts, the Legislature may by law designate the places of holding courts in any such districts. SEC. 8. The Legislature shall determine the number of Jurisdiction Justices of the Peace to be elected in each city and township Courts. of the State, and shall fix, by law, their powers, duties and of Justice of Justice responsibilities; provided, that such Justice Courts shall not Jurisdiction have jurisdiction of the following cases, viz: First-Of cases Courts. in which the matter in dispute is a money demand or personal property, and the amount of the demand (exclusive of interest) or the value of the property exceeds three hundred dollars. Second-Of cases wherein the title to real estate or mining claims, or questions of boundaries to land, is or may be involved; or of cases that in any manner shall conflict with the jurisdiction of the several courts of record in this State; and provided further, that Justice Courts shall have such criminal jurisdiction as may be prescribed by law; and the Legislature may confer upon said courts jurisdiction concurrent with the District Courts, of actions to enforce mechanics' liens wherein the amount (exclusive of interest) does not exceed three hundred dollars; and also of actions for the possession of lands and tenements, where the relation of landlord and tenant exists, or when such possession has been unlawfully or fraudently obtained or withheld. The Legislature shall also prescribe by law the manner and determine the cases in which appeals may be taken from Justice and other courts. The Supreme Court, the District Court, and such other courts as the Legislature shall designate, shall be courts of record. municipal SEC. 9. Provision shall be made by law prescribing the Possible powers, duties and responsibilities of any municipal court courts. that may be established in pursuance of section one of this article; and also fixing by law the jurisdiction of said court, so as not to conflict with that of the several courts of record. SEC. 10. No judicial officer, except Justices of the Peace and City Recorders, shall receive to his own use any fees or perquisites of office. office SEC. 11. The Justices of the Supreme Court and the Dis- Eligibility to trict Judges shall be ineligible to any office, other than a limited. judicial office, during the term for which they shall have been elected; and all elections or appointments of any such Judges by the people, Legislature or otherwise, during said period, to any office other than judicial, shall be void. SEC. 12. Judges shall not charge juries in respect to Matters of matters of fact, but may state the testimony and declare the practice. law. SEC. 13. The style of all process shall be "The State of Nevada," and all prosecutions shall be conducted in the name and by the authority of the same. SEC. 14. There shall be but one form of civil action, and law and equity may be administered in the same action. sation of judicial SEC. 15. The Justices of the Supreme Court and District CompenJudges shall each receive quarterly for their services a compensation to be fixed by law, and which shall not be increased officers. or diminished during the term for which they shall have been elected, unless in case a vacancy occurs, in which case the Relating to court fees. Leave of absence of judicial officers limited. Powers of impeachment conferred. impeached. successor of the former incumbent shall receive only such salary as may be provided by law at the time of his election or appointment; and provision shall be made by law for setting apart from each year's revenue a sufficient amount of money to pay such compensation; provided, that District Judges shall be paid out of the county treasuries of the counties composing their respective districts. SEC. 16. The Legislature at its first session, and from time to time thereafter, shall provide by law that upon the institution of each civil action and other proceedings, and also upon the perfecting of an appeal in any civil action or proceeding in the several courts of records in this State, a special court fee or tax shall be advanced to the clerks of said courts, respectively, by the party or parties bringing such action or proceeding, or taking such appeal; and the money so paid in shall be accounted for by such clerks, and applied towards the payment of the compensation of the Judges of said courts, as shall be directed by law. SEC. 17. The Legislature shall have no power to grant leave of absence to a judicial officer, and any such officer who shall absent himself from the State for more than ninety consecutive days, shall be deemed to have vacated his office. SEC. 18. No judicial officer shall be superseded, nor shall the organization of the several courts of the Territory of Nevada be changed, until the election and qualification of the several officers provided for in this article. ARTICLE VII. IMPEACHMENT AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE. SECTION 1. The Assembly shall have the sole power of impeaching. The concurrence of a majority of all the members elected shall be necessary to an impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate, and, when sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation to do justice according to law and evidence. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside over the Senate while sitting to try the Governor or LieutenantGovernor upon impeachment. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senators elected. SEC. 2. The Governor, and the other State and judicial offiWho may be cers, except Justices of the Peace, shall be liable to impeachment for misdemeanor or malfeasance in office; but judgment in such case shall not extend further than removal from office, and disqualification to hold any office of honor, profit or trust, under this State. The party, whether convicted or acquitted, shall nevertheless be liable to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. SEC. 3. For any reasonable cause, to be entered on the journals of each house, which may or may not be sufficient Judicial officers, how grounds for impeachment, the Chief Justice and Associate impeached. Justices of the Supreme Court and Judges of the District Courts shall be removed from office on the vote of two-thirds of the members elected to each branch of the Legislature, and the Justices or Judge complained of shall be served with a copy of the complaint against him, and shall have an opportunity of being heard in person, or by counsel, in his defense; provided, that no member of either branch of the Legislature shall be eligible to fill the vacancy occasioned by such removal. SEC. 4. Provision shall be made by law for the removal from office of any civil officer other than those in this article previously specified, for malfeasance or nonfeasance in the performance of his duties. ARTICLE VIII. MUNICIPAL AND OTHER CORPORATIONS. SECTION 1. The Legislature shall pass no special Act in any matter relating to corporate powers except for municipal purposes; but corporations may be formed under general laws, and all such laws may, from time to time, be altered or repealed. corporations SEC. 2. All real property and possessory rights to the Property of same, as well as personal property in this State, belong- taxed. ing to corporations now existing or hereafter created, shall be subject to taxation the same as property of individuals; provided, that the property of corporations formed for municipal, charitable, religious, or educational purposes may be exempted by law. SEC. 3. Dues from corporations shall be secured by such means as may be prescribed by law; provided, that corporators in corporations formed under the laws of this State shall not be individually liable for the debts or liabilities of such corporation. SEC. 4. Corporations created by or under the laws of the Territory of Nevada shall be subject to the provisions of such laws until the Legislature shall pass laws regulating the same, in pursuance of the provisions of this Constitution. SEC. 5. Corporations may sue and be sued in all courts, in like manner as individuals. interdicted. SEC. 6. No bank notes or paper of any kind shall ever be certain permitted to circulate as money in this State, except the Fed- paper money eral currency and the notes of banks authorized under the laws of Congress. SEC. 7. No right of way shall be appropriated to the use of any corporation until full compensation be first made or secured therefor. SEC. 8. The Legislature shall provide for the organization |