from a revenue of 500,000 francs per annum for this monopoly, it has reached the enormous figure of 1,000,000 frances per diem.

Happly this enormous sum, derived from an appearently useless, if not hurtful, passion, has not been wasted, and for fifty years has served to develope many beneficial public works.

it is doing greater service than ever before, in To-day under the regime of the republic, contributing towards the budget of public instruction thus aiding the cause of true enlightenment and the emancipation of the

tle of Bull's Run was fought every nation in the world believed that the fate of that great country was to be divided into two nations, the North and South. The second battle of Bull's Run almost fastened theopinion on the world that such a fate was inevitable; but her statesmen, having faith in the future of their country, and faith in their institutions, inaugurated such a policy that they rescued the Republic from the fate which seemed to threaten it, and have made a record of masses: which any country might be proud. To- Now there is another patent fact to be day they have peace and prosperity within taken in connection with this question, their borders, and an overflowing treasury, that when a country becomes over-taxed and are enabled to cut down the public and the people feel that they are called expenses, and have given proof that when upon to contribute more than they the energy and self-reliance of any people should pay, there is always a reaction are called forth by a Government which which finds expression in the elections has faith in the future of the nation, which take place. I contend that, so far success is inevitable. If the policy as can be seen by any intelligent man, which the people of this country have there is no reaction in the Dominion ; on endorsed had been seized upon by the contrary, if we can judge by the exMr. Mackenzie, as the Reform movement pressions of public men and of the press, was seized on by Mr. Disraeli, I believe the opinion of the people remains unthat Sir John Macdonald and his party changed. The Government goes on, and would not be in power to-day. It has been the revenue continues to exceed the exstated in the course of this debate, by the penditure. We have a surplus now, but leader of the Opposition that the Govern- a period may come when the expenditure ment have taken $65,000,000 from the will exceed the revenue, and when we may pockets of the people of this Dominion. have to take in sail; but I contend that He did not say that in so many words, at the present day there is nothing to but the tenor of his speech was that the indicate that a change of policy is depeople had, to a certain extent, lost that sirable. Therefore, I say that the exmuch. Now, the fact is the contrary. pression in the Address is quite correct, We have had $65,000,000 spent on the Pacific Railway, in the enlargement of some of our canals, in the building of new lines ot railway, and in constructing public The next paragraph that I shall refer to harbours; benefitting in many ways the in- is that relating to the Fisheries Exhibition dustries of the country. I am surprised at at London. That was undoubtedly a wise the idea expressed by some hon. gentlemen course for the Government to pursue. For that it is a misfortune to have a surplus in some time past the Press of the United any country. Take France, for instance; States has been asserting that Canada was we find that there is no difficulty there awarded too much by the Fisheries Comabout the surplus; on the contrary, the mission under the Washington Treaty, and surplus is used for the benefit of the peo some European nations, and even some ple. Take one item alone: the tobacco of our own people had been led to believe duty of France has grown from a com- that the assertion was true. But when paratively small sum in the last 20 years this exhibition took place in London, peountil it is now nearly 1,000,000 francs per ple abroad formed a new and more correct day. A recent writer, speaking of the idea of the enormous wealth of our fishersubject of the surplus, states that in 1820 ies. If the same fostering care should be the revenue from tobacco was 64,000,000 bestowed on our fisheries as the United francs; in 1882-83 it was 362,000,000 francs.

Thus France has arrived at a period where,

that the general condition of the Dominion is such as to justify His Excellency in congratulating us on its prosperity.

States exercised in developing theirs in the early history of that country, very great wealth is still within the reach of

England to ask the Imperial Government hood suffrage will receive the support of the people of that Province. I do not know that I need say more on this subject than I said in 1874:

of Prince Edward Island of their votes. They
had had universal suffrage in Prince Edward
Island for 20 years; and it had given so much
satisfaction that if a man got upon the platform
there and advocated a retrograde movement
would not get 20 voters in the Province.
to a property qualification for electors, he

This Bill would rob a third of the electors

to use their influence with the Government of Canada to have the terms of union carried out. We remember also the result of the Edgar mission: the Esquimault and Nanaimo Railway Bill was introduced in the Lower House, was passed there and came to this Chamber, but was rejected here. We know that bad faith has been kept with British Columbia; and recognising the care and prudence which I should exercise as a member of this house, I cannot help saying that in the present condition of our country we cannot afford to trifle with any portion of our people with regard to the plighted troth of the Government. Every man in this country, no matter from what province he comes, is obliged to carry out the arrangement to the electors of Prince Edward Island, made by the Government of Canada with any member of the confederation, and for that reason I voted for the Esquimault and Nanaimo Railway Bill. Since the defeat of that measure, negotiations have been going on, and we find that at last a solution of those difficulties has been reached.

My hon. friend who preceded me stated that those arrangements are not satisfactory to the people of this Province, but he must remember that it is almost im possible to settle difficulties between nations or companies in a manner that will be satisfactory to every one. It is gratifying to find that this arrangement will terminate all difficulties between the two Governments. It must be a pleasing thing for the Minister of Justice himself, and for the whole of us, to know that now within the borders of the Dominion no complaints come from any of the Local Governments; that they are all settled with at last. That, I think, is an answer at all events to any dissatisfaction there may be amongst a portion of the people in British Columbia.

When that Bill was sent up to us from the House of Commons, I expressed the same opinion that I express now, and I told the members from the Island in the other House who voted in favor of it, that when an opportunity was psesented

they would resent the course their representatives had pursued. At the very next election, five out of six members who had voted for the Bill were defeated. I do hope that I shall not be obliged to vote against this measure, and that the views so decidedly expressed by the people of Prince Edward Island, will be considered when the Bill comes up from the House of Commons. I trust that, when the measure is introduced the franchise of Prince Edward Island will be left exactly as it is at present. It is a Province that does not interfere with any of its neighbors, and I feel quite satisfied that the views which I expressed in 1874 are those which prevail among the people there to-day.

I come to the 12th paragraph-that which has reference to the Canadian Pacific Railway, and I may say it was with no small pride, as a member of this House, that I voted for the resolution introduced by the Government on this subject. At that time there was much doubt as to whether a country having only 4,000,000 of people could successfully undertake and complete The 9th paragraph refers to a subject a railway to the North-West. I say it is on which I cannot support the Govern- an unwritten page in the history of any ment. A similar bill was introduced in 4,000,000 of people to have successfully 1874. No doubt it is desirable that the equipped and built a railway through so franchise should be uniform throughout vast a country. We in America are used the Dominion; still I must say that man- to large figures-large rivers and acreages hood suffrage never worked badly in-but 250,000,000 of acres of land was Prince Edward Island. Under that suf- such a gigantic quantity, that we were told frage the Island has obtained most of the it was fit for nothing but to be the home great reforms that have been passed by its of the buffalo, the beaver and other wild Legislature, and I do not think that any animals. It must therefore be a great Government that will do away with man-pleasure to all those hon. gentlemen, who,

like myself, fought at that time to open up from Woodstock (Mr. Alexander) moved that country, to be able, as we are a resolution inviting the House to connow, in the words of the paragraph, to sider the necessity of selling the road, and say that 1,738 miles are now constructed many public men at that time thought it rendering practicable the completion of that would be better to get rid of it. Now, great work within the next two years." however, we find it is a source of revenue Yet, while that has been done, the indus- to the country, and I contend it is only tries of this country have not been injured, another proof of the increased and increasnor have our revenues been strained in ing prosperity of the country.' I congratany way; no other portion of public ex-ulate the Government upon the fact that penditure in the other and older provinces they are in a condition to place upon the has been lessened or affected in any way, table of this House such an answer to the -neither our railways, canals, nor other Address as we are now considering, and public works have suffered from this great I only regret that the misfortunes of the enterprise. Therefore, it is with pride and last two or three days have robbed us of pleasure I see that paragraph in the Ad- one of the gentlemen who was here at the dress. We were told the other day that inauguration of the gigantic schemes for it would be better to have completed the opening the North-West, and building the railway as the revenue of the country Canadian Pacific Railway. It must be would permit. I say we have done so. however a matter of pride to those hon. Then again it was said it would have been gentlemen who have just now come to the better to have neglected the road around Senate, that they will be able to assist the Lake Superior and have trusted to the country in seeing this great and noble water stretches to Port Arthur. Why, it work perfected. is a question that does not admit of doubt at present, with the statistics we have before us, that not only will the Pacific Railway be taxed to its utmost extent to carry the products of the North-West away from that country, but that all the water stretches that could possibly be used will, in addition to such railway transportation, be required for the efficient transportation of such produce, as soon as that country becomes peopled,— -a process which is now going on very fast. So that it would have been a most unfortunate policy if the Government had left that portion of the Pacific Railway uncompleted; it would not have been in accordance with the noble purpose-for I can use no other terms of grappling with this great question. It would have marred the whole undertaking, and so far from demanding the respect and support which they have received in connection with this matter, if the Government had pursued the policy to which I have referred, their action would have been everywhere denounced, and their sin would be regarded, not as one of omission, but of commission.

The 13th paragraph relates to the paying condition of the Intercolonial Railway, and in this connection I cannot help recalling the occasion-in 1874 I think it was when the hon. gentleman

HON. MR. KAULBACH-I do not intend to take up much time, nor is it my purpose to go seriatim into the various paragraphs of the Address, as has been done by my hon. friend who has just sat down. That hon. gentleman had a great deal to say, and more especially with regard to the fisheries. I may say I have followed with great interest and satisfaction the efforts made by this country to secure a proper exhibit at the International Exhibition in London. It is a matter for regret, perhaps, that so short a time was afforded in which to make the necessary preparations, yet, while many things might have been better represented, I am proud to know that, on the whole, we have come out of the Exhibition bearing so many pledges and marks of the interest taken in the fisheries and their wealth. It also is gratifying to find that His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, in his speech at the close of the Exhibition, spoke in such high terms of the fisheries of this Dominion, and I note with interest that he expressed a hope that an organization might be formed which would provide for the mutual improvement of the fisheries, by applying science to that important industry. For my own part I believe it is an industry which requires, as much as any other in the country, the application of science

in order to its proper sustenance and de by the Government of Nova Scotia velopment. True, it is sometimes a very in reference to the Eastern Extension profitable business, but at the best it is Railway; and I do not wonder that he most precarious, and great loss of life, as found it necessary to offer an apology for well as property, has often to be chronicled. such an extraordinary and abject surrender I come from a fish producing country, of valuable property. The hon. gentleman, one which stands perhaps the highest however, endeavored to find a reason for in the Dominion, in this respect, it, in what he styled the "outrageous dewhen its population is considered, and I mands made by the Dominion Governam pleased to endorse all that my hon. ment, or the Minister of Railways." It friend has said as to the necessity which appears to me that such a view cannot be exists for the establishing of harbors of fairly taken; the Local Government have refuge along the north shore of Prince certainly surrendered a valuable possession, Edward Island. Such harbors would the revenue from which they estimated often prevent sad loss of life, and I think equal to $120,000 a year-taking the I may truly say that the want of such Pictou branch and Eastern Extension toharbors has caused, during the gether. In their time of necessity, some last year, the sacrificing of some half years ago, the Nova Scotia Government, dozen lives of persons known to me per- when struggling for life, pledged themsonally, who were lost in the fisheries on selves to build a railway extending through that shore. Such calamities frequently the island of Cape Breton. We now see happen and they are incidental to the them throwing over the island of Cape prosecution of our fisheries, and they Breton with no pledge at all being exacted occur most frequently in those localities from the Dominion Government to extend near the shore, where the fish are chiefly that railway through the island; but I to be found. One hon. gentleman said deny that the hon. gentleman from Halisomething about a reciprocity treaty, and fax has any right to say that the DominI may remark that I am pleased the ion Government, or the Minister of RailDominion Government have said nothing ways, demanded anything outrageous of about it in the Speech from the Throne, the Local Government. I was opposed and I believe any step in that direction to the Pictou branch being handed over should emanate from the United States. My opinion is that in consequence of the abrogation by the United States of the reciprocity treaty, this country is developing itself, and that many industries which otherwise would not have existed, are now being prosecuted. We now feel a certain confidence in ourselves and know that we can exist without reciprocal trade with the United States. But while we have taken no steps in this matter, I understand that many in the United States already see the advantage of further reciprocal trade with us; their eyes are open to the necessity of giving them markets for their coal in the west. Therefore I contend that any suggestion in the direction of reciprocity should come from the United States; such a treaty would beneficially affect our coal, lumber, wood, and the products of our mines, and I believe our Government would feel disposed to give favorable consideration to the suggestion, if it were made. I will now say a few words with regard to the apology of the hon. Senator from Halifax for the policy pursued gentleman from Halifax sometimes gets

to the Eastern Extension to aid in the building of a road to the Straits of Canso, but it was the understanding then that a proper tariff would be made over it, and that it should be properly equipped. The Dominion Government asked no more than the terms of the contract; they required no more from the Local Government than the contract called for, that is to say a road properly equipped, extending to the Straits of Canso, with a proper tariff; a tariff no more-if I understand it aright-than that at present existing on the Pictou branch.

HON. MR. POWER-That is what I said.

HON. MR. KAULBACH-A proper tariff would bring in $50,000 or $60,000 profit every year.

HON. MR. POWER-No, it would not.

HON. MR. KAULBACH-The hon.