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APPENDIX B B B.

B B B 1.

ANNUAL WATER-LEVELS OF THE NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN

LAKES.

Tri-daily observations of water-gauges were made at the following places from July 1, 1887, to June 30, 1888: Charlotte, N. Y., on Lake Ontario; at Cleveland, Ohio, and Erie, Pa., on Lake Erie; and at Mil. waukee, Wis., and Escanaba, Mich., on Lake Michigan. By reason of ice and snow no observations were made at Escanaba during the months of January, February, March, and April of 1888, Observations were also made at Sand Beach, Mich., on Lake Huron, and at Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., on Lake Superior. At the last-named place the observations are from June 1, 1887, to May 31, 1888.

Monthly mean of water-levels for the several stations (in feet) below the plancs of refer

ence adopted in 1876.

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Charlotte.
Erie..
Cleveland
Milwaukee
Escapaba..
Sand Beach.
Marqueho
Sault Sto. Marie

1.34 1. 83 2. 43 2.91 3. 40 3. 55 3. 67 3. 86 3. 64 3. 14 2.98 2.88 1.42 1. 90 2. 14 2. 37 2. 75 2. 74 2. 84 3. 33 3.24 2. 58 2. 41 2. 11 1. 27 1. 59 1.82 2. 41 2. 08 2. 66 2. 84 3. 11 3. 01

2. 38 2.13 2. 00 1.919 2.060 2.404 2.855 3. 181 3.307 3. 487 3.529 3. 348 3. 130 2.750 2.490 2. 074 2.331 2. 629 3. 006 3. 165 3.784

2. 972 2. 776 1.88 2.09 2. 44 2. 67 3.11 3. 40

3. 51 3. 60 3. 41 3.29 2. 851 2.55 3.070 2. 989 3. 133 3. 204 3.443 3. 657 3.773 3.756 3.833 3.833 3. 362 2.575 3.317 2. 947 3.061 3. 205 3.031 3.260 3. 665 3.815 4. 166 4. 115 4.125 3.524

The practice has obtained of publishing diagrams showing the monthly means of water-levels at the end of each period of five years. Such a diagram was published in the Annual Report for last year. With the Report for this year are presented consolidated tabulated records of mean inonthly water levels for the different lakes for each year for which such records are complete, so far as the files of this department furnish the information. These tabulations show also the yearly mean water-levels for each year therein and the mean levels for the entire periods included in the tabulations.

A sheet of diagrams to illustrate the mean yearly oscillations of the different lakes accompanies these tabnlations.

Mcan monthly water-level below plane of reference for Lake Superior.

(Place of observation: Superior.)

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Mean monthly water-level below plane of reference for Lakes Michigan and Huron.

(Place of observation : Point Aux Barques.]

Year.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June July Aug. Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Yearly mean.

1860.. 1861.. 1862.. 1863..

Feet.
2. 02
2. 86
2. 41
2. 49

Feet.
2.07
2. 82
2. 42
2. 61

Feet.
1.93
2. 68
2. 51
2. 69

Feet.
1. 96
2. 48
2, 30
2. 62

Feet.
1.91
1.86
1.93

Feet.
1.67
1.52
1.81
2. 17

Fert.
1.58
1. 40
1.76
2. 26

Feet.
1. 66
1. 29
1. 78
2. 25

Feet.
1. 85
1. 37
2. 00
2. 39

Feet.
2. 23
1. 59
1.72
2. 65

Feet.
2. 35
1. 90
2. 04
2. 69

Feet.
2. 65
2. 03
2. 33
2. 92

Feet.

1.99 1.98 2.08 2.51

2. 30

[Place of observation : Port Austin.]

1873..
1874..

4. 25
3. 13

4.28
2.99

4. 21
2. 85

3, 80
3.00

3. 30
2.95

2. 90
2. 61

2. 70
2. 45

2. 69
2.56

2. 86
2. 72

2.89
2. 96

2. 99
3. 23

3.15
3. 48

3. 34
2.91

(Place of observation: Sand Beach.)

1875.. 1876.. 1877... 1878.. 1879.. 1880.. 1881.. 1882.. 1883.. 1884.. 1885. 1846.. 1887..

3. 69 3. 11 2. 39 2, 79 3. 32 3. 80 3. 69 2. 90 3. 12 2. 29 2. 38 2.18 2. 59

3. 75 3. 13 2.40 2. 96 3, 56 3. 86 3. 30 3. 13 3. 17 2.44 2. 47 2. 11 2. 40

3. 71
3. 00
2. 47
2. 79
3. 60
3. 87
3. 29
2. 99
3. 13
2. 40
2. 47
1. 92
2. 19

3. 52
2. 72
2. 39
2. 86
3. 57
3. 86
3. 27
2. 77
3.12
2. 09
2. 36
1.63
2. 28

3. 17
2. 12
2. 22
2 46
3. 44
3. 46
2. 95
2. 60
2. 55
1. 87
1. 96
1. 30
2. 08

2. 86 1. 63 2. 26 2. 29 3. 30 2. 97 2. 78 2. 37 2. 13 1.81 1. 67 1. 21 1.96

2.67 1. 19 2.08 2. 25 3. 26 2. 66 2. 63 2, 23 1. 65 1. 73 1. 61 1.37 1.88

2.70 1. 25 2. 18 2. 35 3. 39 2.77 2. 80 2. 17 1. 45 1.85 1. 46 1.52 2. 00

2. 66 1. 36 2. 45 2. 64 3. 47 2. 88 2. 96 2. 29 1.77 2. 20 1. 56 1.70 2. 44

2. 85 1. 76 2.59 2. 63 3. 71 3. 24 2. 71 2. 52 2. 10 2, 04 1.79 1.83 2. 67

2. 96 1. 91 2. 64 2. 82 3. 83 3. 36 2. 58 2. 77 1. 99 2.39 1.98 2. 10 3. 11

3. 23 2. 10 2. 69 3. 02 3. 85 3. 56 2.75 2.92 2. 10 2. 65 2.18 2.42 3. 40

3. 15 2. 11 2. 40 2. 66 3. 53 3. 36 2 98 2. 64 2. 36 2. 15 1. 99 1.77 2. 42

52. 60

Total. 55. 11
Mean 2. 92

55, 90
2. 94

51. 70
2. 88

46. 43
2. 44

41.92
2.91

39, 36
2. 07

40.21
2. 12

379.63

43, 57
2. 29

46. 48
2. 45

49. 64
2. 61

53. 43
2.81

2.77

Mean monthly water-level below plane of reference for Lakes Michigan and Huron.

Place of observation: Milwaukce.)

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2. 22

1870 .. 1871.. 1872..

Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Fect. Feet. Feet. Feet. 1860.. 2.18 2.00 1.97 1. 84 1. 72 1. 60 1.56 1,75 1. 95 2. 26 2.59 2. 75

2.01 1801 2. 86 2. 77 2.38 2. 28 1. 86 1. 70 1. 57 1, 33 1. 64 1. 76 1. 99 2. 16 2.03 1862 2.36 2.51 2. 21 2.05 1.80 1. 67 1.77 1.78 1 85 1. 96 2.35 2. 49 2. 07 1863 2.56 2. 51 2. 52 2. 52 2. 31

2. 27 2. 40 2. 58

2. 67 3. 11

2. 77

2.54 1864 3, 00

3.14 2. 89 3. 18 2.67 2. 68 2.78 2. 96 3. 23 3. 02 3. 79 3.92 3. 16 1865 4. 13 4. 04 3. 87 3. 38 3. 22 3. 18 2. 75 2. 73 2. 85

3. 09 3. 65 3. 96 3. 40 1806 4.22 4. 46 4.41 3. 96 3. 78 3.49 3. 23 3.17 3.32 3. 43 3.52 3.78 3. 73 1867 3. 80 3.75 3. 57 3. 28 3. 06 2. 75 2. 60

2. 67 2. 94 3.27 3. 73 4.08 3. 29 1868 4. 24 4.28 3. 60 3. 70 3.42 3. 21

3. 18

3.52 3. 76 3. 99 4.06 4. 34 3. 78 1869. 4.44 4,37 4.63 4. 26 3. 93 3. 40 3.02 2. 76

2. 87 3. 23 3.35 3.63

3. 66 3. 57 3. 48 3. 18 2. 76 2. 42 2.28 2. 17 2. 26 2. 12 2.52

2.92 3. 27 2. 75 3. 12 3. 20 2. 60 2. 40 2. 05 2. 01 1. 98 2. 21 2.88 3. 57 3. 62 4. 21 2. 82

4.34 4. 34 4. 56 4.31 4. 06 3. 69 3. G6 3. 68 3. 75 3. 87 4. 16 4. 82 4. 10 1873.. 4.82 4.78 4. 47 3. 90 3. 34

2. 71 2. 73 2. 05 2. 84

2. 90

3. 13 3. 17 3. 45 1874. 3. 21 2.92 2.77 2. 87 2. 89 2.52 2.59 2. 58 2. 8.3 3. 18 3. 32 3. 72 2. 96 1873. 3. 92 3.99 3. 93 3. 57

3.01

2.77 2. 80 2. 63 2. 70 2. 85 3. 06 3. 25 3.21 3.30 3. 10 2. 77 2. 57 1. 95 1.54 1. 20 1.27 1.32 1. 90 1.80 2. 27 2.08 1877.. 2.41 2. 40 2. 40 2. 02 2. 13 2. 06 2. 09 2. 21 2. 42 2. 41 2. 53

2. 59 2. 31 2.71 2. 78 2. 62 2. 60 2. 30 2. 16 2.) 5 2. 47 2. 67 2. 78 2.91 3. 23 2. 62 1879. 3. 54 3. 53

3. 49 3. 50 3. 37 3.30 3. 21 3. 40 3, 52 3.74 3.96 3. 93 3. 54 3.89 3. 98 3. 94 3. 77 3. 43 2. 89 2. 67 2.61 2.94 3. 28 3. 60 3. 77 3. 40 3.76 3. 55 3. 26 2. 35 2. 84 2. 61

2 64 2. 64 2.87 2. 34 2. 71 2 81 2. 88 1882 3. 03 3. 04 2. 67 2.54 2.44 2. 17 2 109 1. 919

2. 043 2. 148 2. 662 2. 993 2. 505 1883. 3. 250 3. 210 3. 122 2. 010 2. 427 2. 065 1. 469 1.501 1. 692 1. 905 2. 363 2.439 2. 363 1881 2. 655

2. 293 2. 113 1. 898 1.743 1. 899 2.042 2. 294 2. 288 2 618 2. 679 2. 258 1885. 2. 672 2. 414 2. 476 2. 287 1.927 1. 7:33 1.63.3 1.424 1. 559 1.703 1. 99 2. 288 2. 011 1856 2.0.17 2. 011 1. 757 1. 490 1. 230 1. 159 1.319 1.381 1. 822 1.915 2. 201 2. 589 1.771 2. 672 2.30+ 2. 143 2.187 1. 993 1.863 1.919 2. 000 2. 404 2.855

3.181 3.307 2. 407 Total 92. 716 91.466 86.001 80.597 73, 4-5 67. 163 65,018 66. 210 71.664 77.934 83.031 90.215 918.023 Mean* 3. 311 3. 267 3. 089 2.878 2. 624 2. 399 2. 322 2. 30+ 2. 539 2. 783 3. 037 3. 222 2. 821

1876..

1878 ..

1880.. 1881..

1887 ..

Totalt 57.856 36. 406 53. 191 19,367 44. 865 40.473 139.618 40.280 43. 944 47.311 52. 234 55.203 580.813 Meant 3.04 2.97 2.80 2. 60 2. 36 2. 13 2. 09 2. 12 2.31 2. 49 2. 75 2.91 2. 5473

* 1860-1887 inclusive. | Excluding observations from 1864-'72, inclusive to compare with table for Lake Huron. NOTE.-Omitting from the Milwaukeo record those yoars not apparing in the record for Lake Huron the following results: At Milwaukee (Lako Michigan), sum of monthly totals, 580.813 ; mean water-level below plane of reference, 2.5474 +. Lake Huron, sum of monthly totills, 579,65; mean water-level below plane of reference, 2.5423+. Mean monthly water-level below plane of reference for Lake Frie.

.

[Place of observation: Cleveland.)

Year. Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May. June. July. Aug. | Sept.

Oct.

Nor.

Yearly

Dec.

mean.

1860.. 1861.. 1862.. 1863.. 1864.. 1865.. 1866.. 1867.. 1868.. 1869.. 1870.. 1871.. 1872.. 1873.. 1874.. 1875.. 1876.. 1878.. 1879 182.. 1883.. 1881.. 1885.. 1826.. 1887..

Feet.
1.85
2. 50
1. 68
1. 65
3. 02
3. 10
3. 33
2. 77
3. 69
3. 46
2. 22
2. 66
3. 53
3. 95
2. 06
3.51
2. 75
2. 29
2. 60
2. 00
2.83
2. 32
2. 84
1. 56
2. 50

Feet.
2.21
2.78
1. 97
1. 36
2. 87
3. 68
3. 49
3. 09
4.07
3. 53
1. 99
2. 99
3. 77
3. 94
2.01
3.71
2. 19
2. 15
2. 74
2. 00
2.02
2. 06
3. 05
2. 29
2. 07

Feet. 1.81 2.34 1.83 1. 42 2. 66 3. 36 3. 10 2. 69 3. 48 3. 05 2. 22 2. 54 3. 86 3. 87 1.98 3, 57 1.54 2. 02 2. 71 1. 55 2. 43 1.87 3. 19 2. 48 1. 29

Feet. 1. 11 1.30 0.93 1. 30 2. 16 2. 64 2. 52 2.37 2. 65 2.75 1. 57 2. 06 3. 06 2. 59 1.81 3. 17 1. 02 1. 60 2. 35 1. 33 2. 31 1.32 2. 37 1. 60 1. 24

Feet.
0 90
0.87
0. 69
1. 12
1.46
2. 06
2.30
1.85
2. 20
2. 20
1.36
1.79
3. 22
1.92
1. 72
2.70
0.70
1.34
2. 20
1. 13
1. 85
1. 05
1. 61
1. 30
1.06

Feet. Feet.
0.93

1. 19
0.80 1. 05
0. 69 0.72
1.26

1. 38 1.51 1.77 2. 08 2. 12 2.04 1.93 1.54

1. 73 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.53 1.39 !.33 1. 76

1. 78 2.83 2. 66 1.84 1. 86 1. 65 1.62 2. 27 2. 14 0.39

0.70 1. 31 1. 34 2. 11 2. 08 0.98 1. 05 1. 15 0.95 0.97 11.19 1. 13 1. 17 1. 20

1. 22
1.041 1.27

Feet.
1.33
1.01
1. 10
1. 46
2.04
2. 20
2. 18
2.04
2. 36
1.63
1. 40
1. 99
2. SO
1.92
1. 78
2. 15
1. 00
1.58
2. 30
1. 19
1. 01
1. 35
1. 16
1.42
1.59

Feet
1. 69
1. 19
1.41
1. 85
2. 26
2.24
2. 24
2. 43
2. 63
1. 90
1. 65
2. 16
3. 12
2. 32
2. 24
2. 29
1. 17
1. 71
2. 63
1. 46
1.32
1. 78
1.31
1. 67
1.82

Feet.
1. 99
1. 42
1. 79
2. 29
2.57
2.54
2. 25
2. 77
3. 08
2. 35
2. 03
2.83
3. 29
2. 62
2. 68
2. 78
1.70
2. 06
2. 86
1.91
1. 61
2. 11
1. 41
1. 90
2. 41

Feet.
2. 08
1. 44
2. 13
2. 70
2. 74
2. 92
2. 19
3. 27
3. 24
2.81
2. 33
3. 01
3. 62
2. 82
3. 10
2. 93
1. 62
2. 26
3. 33
2. 23
2.02
2. 59
1. 53
2. 19
2. 68

Feet.
2. 24
1. 67
2. 10
2,73
2. 67
3. 06
2. 48
3.49
3. 45
2. 46
2. 45
3. 45
3. 85
2. 45
3. 31
2. 71
1. 96
2. 18
3. 07
2.74
1. 99
2. 66
1. 58
2. 27
2. 66

Feet.

1.61 1.53 1.42 1. 71 2. 31 2. 67 2. 53 2. 50 2.88 2. 46 1.83 2. 42 3, 38 2. 67 2. 16 2.83 1.41 1. 82 2. 58 1. 63 1. 84 1.77 1.87 1.76 1. 80

Total. 66. 70
Mean. 2. 67

68. 03
2. 74

62 86
2.51

49. 73
1. 99

40.63
1. 63

36. 74
1. 47

37.81

1.51

42. 10
1. 68

48.49
1.94

57. 28
2. 29

64.08
2. 56

65.68
2. 63

640. 76

2. 14

Mean monthly water-level below plane of reference for Lake Ontario.

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ISSUE OF PUBLISHED CHARTS OF THE NORTHERN AND NORTHWEST

ERN LAKES.

ANNUAL REPORT OF LIEUTENANT-COLONEL (. M. POE, CORPS OF EN.

GINEERS, BVT. BRIG. GEN., U. S. A., FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1888.

UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE,

Detroit, Mich., July 3, 1888. SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith, in duplicate, my annual report on the issue of the published charts of the northern and northwestern lakes” for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1888. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

0. M. PoE, Lieut. Col. of Engineers,

But. Brig. Gen., U. 8. A. The CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. A.

ISSUE OF THE PUBLISHED CHARTS OF TIIE NORTHERN AND NORTH

WESTERN LAKES.

The issue of the charts to registered vessels has continued during the year in accordance with regulations; also their sale at a fixed price (to cover cost of paper and printing) to all who desired to purchase.

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