The natives of Slavic countries increased 130 per cent, the natives of Italy 165 per cent, and the natives of Scandinavian countries 14 per cent, while the natives of Germany actually diminished 4 per cent and the natives of the United Kingdom diminished over 10 per cent. The increase of Italians amounted to more than a quarter of the aggregate increase of the foreign-born, and the increase of natives of Slavic countries amounted to 60 per cent of the aggregate, while there was a decrease of natives of Germany to the extent of 10 per cent of the aggregate increase of the foreign born, and a decrease of natives of the United Kingdom to the extent of 30 per cent of the aggregate increase of the foreign born. The increasing influx of low-wage workers-"cheap labor"—from Italy and the Slavic countries is accompanied by a falling off of the higher-grade workers from Germany and the United Kingdom. The superior decline to face the competition of the inferior. Moreover, the vast majority of these undesirable classes, who constitute the bulk of the present immigration, settle in the cities of a few manufacturing States or in the mining regions. The following table shows this concentration. The following table shows the percentage of the natives of certain countries, living in the United States, who were found in the several geographical divisions, both in 1890 and in 1900. The figures are compiled from the reports of the census of 1890, Population, Part I, page 136, and from the reports of the census of 1900, Volume I, page 174. Distribution of foreign born, by birthplaces and geographical divisions. Only 3.9 per cent of the Poles, 4.4 per cent of the Hungarians, and 8.7 per cent of the Russians live in the Southern States or in the Western division; only 58,471 in all, scattered among a total population of nearly 29,000,000. The Atlantic States gain only 30 per cent of the Germans and Scandinavians, but are burdened with almost three-quarters of the Russians, Hungarians, and Italians. The latest returns of the Bureau of Immigration show no diminution of the tendency of these immigrants to crowd into the districts that are already congested: Destinations of immigrants, 1901 and 1902. 1901. 1902. Per cent of total immigration destined for the four States of Illinois, Massachusetts, Per cent of total immigration destined for States south of the Potomac River, Penn- There were 182,580 Italians in the United States in 1890, and 484,703 in 1900. The number in certain States in each of these years was as follows: The five Atlantic States of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, together with Illinois, contained twothirds of the Italians in 1890, and their share had risen to three-quarters in 1900. The three non-Atlantic States of California, Louisiana, and Ohio contained a seventh of the whole in 1890; but in 1900 their share had fallen to hardly more than a tenth. Four fifths of the increase of our Italian-born population was in the six States first mentioned. Of the Italians in the State of New York in 1900, 80 per cent were found in New York city, and 87 per cent in cities of more than 25,000 inhabitants. In Illinois, 72 per cent were in Chicago. In Massachusetts, nearly half were in Boston, and more than two-thirds in cities of over 25,000 inhabitants. An analysis of the census returns relating to natives of Poland and natives of Russia gives very similar results. NATURALIZATION. According to the census of 1900, Volume I, page 209, 28.3 per cent of all foreign-born males over 21 years of age are not naturalized. Five per cent of the whole male population of the United States over 21 years of age are aliens. Of the 1,004,217 adult male aliens in the United States 34 per cent do not speak English. It was recently stated before this committee that the Poles almost universally become citizens of the United States. According to the census of 1900, 39 per cent of the males of voting age born in Poland are aliens. The following table gives the proportions of the natives of various countries who were still aliens, according to the census of 1900: Percentage of aliens among males of voting age, born in certain countries, 1900. At the census of 1890, 54.4 per cent of the adult male aliens had been in the country long enough to be naturalized. In 1900, with the increasing influx of natives of Latin and Slavic countries, the proportion had risen to 68.4 per cent, or more than two-thirds. The committee, at 1.35 p. m., adjourned. S. Doc. 62-31 INDEX OF STATEMENTS. Page. Anderson, A. S. (passenger manager American Line International Naviga- Bailey, Joshua L., statement of, on the sale of intoxicating liquors at immi- Barrows, Hon. Samuel J. (secretary of the Prison Association of New York), Brown, Goodwin (attorney for the New York State commission of lunacy), Campbell, Richard K. (Bureau of Immigration, Treasury Department), 47-56 256-269 235-240 211-216, 401-411 Commons, John R. (special agent of Industrial Commission on the subject 17-25 Dudley, Gen W. W. (representing the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 270-273 292-295 Duff, E. H. (representing the International Navigation Company), statement Edgerton, Charles E. (assistant secretary of Immigration Restriction League), 476-481 327-398 Ellis, Mrs. Margaret D., statement of, on sale of intoxicating liquors at Educational test, list of petitions in favor of.. 43, 44 Farquhar, Hon. J. M. (member of Industrial Commission), statement of.... 468–472 29-32, 398-401 Gompers, Samuel J. (president American Federation of Labor), letter of... 74, 75 3-17 Haywood, William (representing the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association 281, 287 Healy, David (commissioner of immigration at Vancouver, B. C.), state- 452-459 Immigrant passengers, opinion of Attorney-General Griggs on lists of.. 110-113 325-327 412, 437 80-90 44-46 Morrison, Frank (secretary of American Federation of Labor), statement of. 472-476 46, 47 Payson, Hon. L. E. (representing the Southern Pacific Company and the Rodgers, John J. S. (commissioner of immigration at Philadelphia), state- 253-255 300 240-243, 459-467 Schulteis, Herman J. (chairman national legislative committee, Knights of Shattuc, Hon. William B. (Representative in Congress from Ohio; chair- 224-231 196-207, 450-451 483 |