The following steamers will maintain this service: Lake Erie, 9,000 tons; Lake Megantic, 5,600 tons; Lake Ontario, 5,000 tons; Lake Champlain, 9,000 tons; Lake Superior, 5,500 tons; Lake Huron, 5,000

tons.

Since the ports of Canada are covered by British laws, there are no obstacles to immigration. Passengers landing at Canadian ports have no questions to answer.

For further information apply at the office of the company in Chiasso (Italian-Swiss border).

Landing guaranteed.

Mr. FEDERIGO LUDWIG.

EXHIBIT No. 8.

Copy of sailing circular issued by Federigo Ludwig.

Regular weekly sailings for Montreal, Quebec (Canada), direct without passing through New York.

Price of third class, 240 lire.

The passengers land at St. John without having any questions asked them. All land freely (unmolested), also without money, since the emigration laws are not applied in the ports of Canada, which state is independent of the United States.

For New York via Marseilles-Havre, or Marseilles-Boulogne with large, swift mail steamers. Price of third class, 225 lire.

Railroad tickets for all cities of the United States.

To secure berths send deposit of 20 lire at least one week in advance.

EXHIBIT No. 9.

Copy of circular of Federigo Ludwig to his correspondents.

To my correspondents:

To avoid misunderstanding, I hereby advise my numerous clients that the landing of Italian emigrants in the port of Philadelphia, as well as New York, continues to be very difficult. The steamers that leave Havre and Antwerp for New York and Philadelphia have the same examinations to pass on landing passengers in New York and Philadelphia as those that leave Naples direct. To avoid such grave inconveniences for Italian emigrants, continue always with my direct service from Chiasso to Quebec and Montreal, where really no control exists, and all passengers land freely.

No one can guarantee the landing in New York and Philadelphia. If the American authorities reject a person he must return to Europe, and no steamship company can compel the American Government commissioners to allow the landing of such rejected persons. All that the agent of emigration can do is to give a guarantee of landing under the form of returning to the passenger the passage money paid in case of rejection.

Now I believe that very few of the rejected ones have much consolation in this guarantee, seeing that the passengers make the voyage to be landed in America and not rejected.

On the other hand, the "guarantee to land" that I give to the emigrants is very different, no "control" (examination) being in the ports of Quebec and Montreal, Canada. I can effectively guarantee the landing of every passenger who is healthy, robust, and able to work, and has no contagious disease.

Among the contagious and infectious diseases are counted scurf (called favus), disease of the scalp. Passengers suffering with this are not accepted by me and will not be embarked. But will pass, for example, the lame, those with but one eye, and otherwise healthy, etc. From Quebec, Montreal, Canada, one can go by rail to any point in the United States at as favorable prices as from New York. My new direct line for Canada has already had a large business, and principally southern passengers seek exclusively the Beaver Line to be sure of landing. Sailings for Quebec and Montreal take place every Saturday from Chiasso, and it takes nine days to cross in elegant English mail steamers.

Ready to give you any other information, I am,

Yours, respectfully,

F. LUDWIG.

About the time the foregoing letter was written and before it could be presented, Hon. H. A. Taylor visited a number of the eastern Canadian ports and conferred with Canadian government and transportation officials on this subject.

On his return it was stated that a new agreement had been made with the Canadian transportation companies, or Canadian government officials, or both, with a view to remedying some of the defects of the former agreements.

After obtaining as full information as possible regarding the new agreement, a second letter was written to Hon. H. A. Taylor, under date of September 8, 1900, in which was pointed out what were considered the weak points in the agreement and the impossibility of securing complete control on the lines attempted. Mr. Taylor said that he could not agree with either the argument or conclusions submitted to him, and he was of the opinion that the subject was receiving all the care and attention necessary.

After this decision by the Assistant Secretary, it seemed wise to await for a time the results from his new policy.

In the meantime, in order to secure as much actual knowledge as possible on the legal status of these agreements and the points suggested by them, the following letter was addressed to Henry 8. Hamilton, esq., attorney for several large corporations at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The agreements referred to and Mr. Hamilton's opinion follow. Mr. Hamilton explains his delay, in another letter, by saying that he was corresponding with counsel in Ottawa and was going into the subject very carefully.

HENRY C. HAMILTON, Esq.,

Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.

JANUARY 14, 1901.

DEAR SIR: Your favor of the 8th instant received, and I have decided to submit the questions I desire examined. In order to make the subject as clear as possible, I inclose herewith

(A) An agreement between the United States Treasury Department

a For copy of the substance of this agreement see page 58. It seems to have been entirely verbal.

and the Canadian transportation companies as to the inspection of immigrants, in effect September 15, 1893, signed for the United States by Herman Stump, Commissioner-General of Immigration, and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury; and for the Canadian transportation companies, by the Canadian Pacific and Grand Trunk railroad companies, and the Allan, Dominion, Beaver, and Hansa steamship lines. Also the regulations of the United States Treasury Department regarding this agreement.

(B) A supplemental agreement between the same parties dated May 5, 1896, together with the regulations of the United States Treasury Department regarding this.

(C) Statement of what is believed to be the substance of an agreement between Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury, Hon. H. A. Taylor, and the above-named transportation companies, arranged about August, 1900.

The United States Comissioner-General of Immigration has, in his last three annual reports, announced that, under agreements "A" and "B," the United States has practically failed to control immigration into the United States via Canada, and he has recommended the abrogation of the agreements and the establishment of control stations on United States soil.

The honorable Assistant Secretary of the Treasury evidently believes that the agreements, as supplemented by his agreement of August, 1900, will be effective to secure complete control.

The following questions seem naturally suggested by the agreements: First. Can a steamship company legally, forcibly, or otherwise take an immigrant against his will from Canada to Europe upon the request of a United States immigrant inspector?

Second. Can a steamship company legally refuse to land an immigrant in Canada, whether his final destination is a point in the United States or in Canada, at the request of a United States immigrant inspector?

Third. Would not an immigrant, in either of above cases, by an appeal to the courts, be able to secure an injunction, or restraining order, which would prevent the steamship company from carrying out the request of the United States immigrant inspector?

Fourth. If such a request, in either of above cases, was carried out, would not the immigrant be able to sue and recover damages from the steamship company?

Fifth. Can the Canadian railroad companies legally refuse to sell tickets from the port of entry to points in the United States if the immigrant does not show a permit from the United States immigrant inspector?

Sixth. Is there anything in these agreements to prevent the railroad companies selling a ticket from any other point in Canada, except the port of entry, to a point in the United States?

Seventh. Can a Canadian railroad company legally compel an immigrant, who has been refused admission into the United States (say at Niagara Falls) to return to the port of entry or to any point away from the United States border?

Eighth. Under the laws of the Dominion, or of the Province, and in the absence of penalties, what legal binding force is there in these agreements?

Ninth. If an Englishman who had purchased a ticket for passage by an English ship from Liverpool to Quebec, should be refused passage

at Liverpool upon the request of a United States immigrant inspector or Marine-Hospital surgeon, because he was not a fit person, under the United States immigration laws, to admit unto the United States, would not such Englishman be able to sue and recover damages from the steamship company?

Tenth. In any of the above cases where suit was entered, could these agreements be pleaded as a defense with any effect?

Eleventh. Can the Dominion council or any Dominion official in any way bind or pledge the Dominion government to pass such a law as is promised in the fourth clause of the agreement of August, 1900?

As the effectiveness of the control under these agreements would apparently depend upon the answers to these questions, it seems desirable to secure the opinion of some competent legal authority on Canadian laws and practice upon these points.

From the foregoing I think you will be able to understand the sit

uation.

I have the honor to remain, yours, respectfully,

A. S. ANDERSON, Manager.

Circular relating to the inspection of foreign immigrants landed at the ports of the Dominion of Canada.

[1893. Department No. 156. Bureau of Immigration.]
TREASURY DEPARTMENT,

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,
Washington, D. C., October 7, 1893.

In view of the agreement between the various steamship companies in the Dominion of Canada and the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States of America (copy attached hereto), the following rules and regulations governing the inspection and entry of immigrants into the United States through foreign contiguous territory are prescribed in accordance with section 8 of the act approved March 3, 1891, entitled "An act in amendment to the various acts relative to immigration and the importation of aliens under contract or agreement to perform labor:"

1. That all foreign immigrants arriving in Canada, destined to the United States, shall be inspected at the following ports: Halifax, Nova Scotia; Quebec, Point Levis, Vancouver, and Victoria, and the holders of certificates,. duly signed by the commissioner of immigration at any of the said ports, shall entitle the holders thereof to admittance into the United States without further examination by the customs or immigration officers at any of the customs ports along the border as to their right to enter, and to whom the said certificates must be presented and surrendered, which certificate must be as follows:

duly inspected and registered, and will be admitted into the United States upon presentation and surrender of this certificate to any customs or immigration officer at the frontier. His description is as follows: Age, ; height,; color of hair, ;color of eyes, Remarks:

Commissioner of Immigration.

2. That the per capita tax provided for in said agreement shall be paid to the United States commissioner of immigration at the port of landing by the steamship company within twenty-four hours after arrival of immigrants.

3. All such moneys so collected shall be transmitted by said commissioner to an assistant treasurer of the United States, to be deposited to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States on account of "immigrant fund," in the same manner as other miscellaneous collections are reported by collectors of customs of the United States. Statement of such receipts, under this agreement, must be rendered monthly to the Secretary of the Treasury on forms to be furnished by the Government for that purpose.

4. Commissioners of immigration shall give bond to the United States in the sum of $10,000, with sureties approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, conditioned for the faithful discharge of their duties and the remittance of above collections. They shall make monthly reports to the Superintendent of Immigration, and such other reports from time to time as he may require, upon blanks to be furnished by the Treasury Department, of all immigrants arriving at their stations destined to the United States. They shall have charge of all immigration officers at their respective stations, and shall utilize their services in all matters pertaining to immigration.

5. United States officers charged with the execution of the immigration laws and regulations along the border will, at the end of each month, and from time to time as may be required, report in writing to the Superintendent of Immigration, upon blanks to be prescribed, the number of immigrants passing through their respective districts and the foreign ports at which landed.

6. Commissioners shall collect the per capita tax on all Chinese merchants and other persons of the exempt class destined to the United States, not citizens thereof, arriving at their stations, but shall not issue certificates entitling them to enter. The right of a Chinese to enter the United States must be, by law, determined by the collector of customs at the port of entry.

7. That the immigration regulations now in force, under date of April 25, 1893, Treasury Doc. No. 1600, shall apply, in so far as it may be practicable, to the inspection of immigrants coming through foreign contiguous territory destined to the United States.

J. G. CARLISLE, Secretary.

ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES AS TO THE INSPECTION OF IMMIGRANTS.

In consideration of the mutual benefits and advantages which shall ensue to the steamship, railway, and transportation companies of the Dominion of Canada and to the United States of America by the