Falls; director National American Biography, and has been director of many banks and trust companies. President Board of Education of Brooklyn. 1886-91, State Commission of Charities, 1895-1900. Republican; member Reformed Dutch Church. President Board of Trustees Brooklyn Heights Seminary; trustee Rutgers College; ex-president Holland Society of New York, St. Nicholas Society, member American Bar Association. Recreations: Forestry, axework. Clubs: Hamilton, Brooklyn Crescent Athletic, Lawyers, Delta Phi, Onteora, Lakewood Country.

Berger, Victor L., United States congressman from the fifth district of Wisconsin, was born Feb. 28, 1860, in Austria-Hungary. He is a journalist and prominent in the socialist movement. He was elected to the sixty-second congress as a socialist; and resides in Milwaukee, Wis.

Bergman, George, state representative of Nevada, was born Oct. 16, 1881, in Newark, N.J. He was educated in the public schools of Florida; and in the Stanley Business College of Thomasville, Ga. He is successful miner of Nevada; and identified with the Eldorado Crown Mining Company of Nelson, Nev. He is a prominent member of the democratic party; is a state representative in the Nevada legislature; has been chairman of the committee on prison and insane and also of the committee on mileage; and also been a member of the committee on education; and resides in Nelson, Nev.

Bergin, Alfred, clergyman, author, was born April 24, 1866, in Sweden. In 1883-84he attended the public school at Carver, Minn.; in 1892 graduated with the degree of A.B. from Gustavus Adolphus college at St. Peter, Minn.; and received the degrees of A.M. and Ph.D. from the university of Minnesota. He came to the United States in 1883; and since 1905 he has been editor of the Literary Helper, the Kansas Young Lutheran and two other papers. He is the author of The Laws of the Westgoths; and several books in the Swedish language.

Berkey, Charles Peter, educator, geologist, scientist, was born March 25, 1867, in Goshen, Ind. He was educated in the schools of Indiana and Minnesota; graduated from the university of Minnesota; and has received the degrees of B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. Since 1903 he has been an instructor and assistant professor in geology at Columbia University in New York City. He was geologist on the state surveys of Minnesota and of New York; and consulting geologist for the New York City board of water supply.

Berkey, Charles Peter, educator, geologist, scientist, was born March 25, 1867, in Goshen, Ind. He was educated in the schools of Indiana and Minnesota; graduated from the University of Minnesota; and has received the degrees of B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. Since 1903 he has been an instructor in geology at Columbia

University of New York City. He was geologist on the state surveys of Minnesota and of New York; and consulting geologist for the New York City Board of Power and Water Supply.

Berlner, Emile, engineer and inventor, was born May 30, 1851, in Hanover, Germany. In 1877 he invented the loose contract telephone transmitter; and in 1887, for which he was awarded the John Scott medal by the Frankling Institute of Philadelphia, Pa. In 1879-82 he was chief instrument inspector for the american Bell Telephone company.

Bernstein, Herman, author, was born Sept. 21, 1876 in Scherwindt, Germany. He has been correspondent of the New York Times to Russia, and is the author of the Flight of Time and other works.

Berry, James Henderson, soldier, lawyer, jurist, governor, United States senator, was born May 15, 1841, in Jackson county, Ala. He removed to Arkansas in 1848; entered the confederate army in 1861 as second lieutenant in the sixteenth regiment Arkansas infantry; and lost a leg at the battle of Corinth in 1862. He was elected to the state legislature in 1872; and was elected speaker of the house at the extraordinary session of 1874. He was president of the democratic state convention in 1876; and was elected judge of the circuit court in 1878. In 1883-85 he was the sixteenth governor of Arkansas. In 1887-1907 he was a member of the United States senate.

Berryman, Jerome Woods, president Kansas Bankers' Association, was born March 12, 1870, in Arcadia, Mo. He was educated at the Bellevue Collegiate Institute of Caledonia, Mo. He is president of the Stockgrowers' National Bank of Ashland, Kan.; and is prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his community. He has been councilman and mayor of his city; served two terms as a representative in the Kansas state legislature; and resides in Ashland, Kan.

Bertsch, Joseph F., state representative of Franklin county, Ohio, was born June 12, 1871, in Switzerland. He received a high school and collegiate education in his native country, and in the University of Freiburg, Munich and Zurich; and in 1896 graduated in law from the law department of the University of Ohio. He is a member of the Republican Party; is a successful lawyer of Columbus, Ohio; and is now serving his first term of 1911-12 as a member of the House of Representatives of the Seventy-ninth General Assembly of Ohio. He is the author of the Ohio Municipal Pawn Department Law, the only law of its kind on record.

Bessey, Charles Edwin, was born at Milton, Wayne county, Ohio, May 21, 1845. He was educated in the public schools, and chigan Agricultural college, graduating with the degree of B.S.c at the Seville and Canaan academies of Ohio; then entered the Mi

in 1869, and M.S.c in 1872. He studied under Dr. Asa Gray at Harvard university, and received the degrees of Ph.D. og LL.D. from the university of Iowa, and Iowa college. Early in 1870 he became professor of botany at the Iowa Agricultural college, filling this position for for fifteen college years, until appointed to head of the same department at the university of Nebraska in 1884. He has been dean of the Industrial college of the university. of Nebraska, 1884-88, and again from 1895, and since then head dean of the university to 1912. From 1888 to 1891 he was dean of the College of Literature, Science, and Arts, at the university of Nebraska. He has been president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the National Educational Association, the American Microscopical society and the American Forestry Association.

Betts, John Frederic, stock and bond broker; born Louisville, Ky., March 9, 1871; son of John Frederic and Elizabeth (Potter) Betts; educated in University of Louisville, Ky.; married, Wheeling, W. Va., Oct. 30, 1901, Mary Belle Howell; children: Mary Howell, John Frederic, Jr. Began business life as clerk and later as buyer in leaf tobacco business with Head & Head at Louisville, Ky., 1890-1895; connected with Drummond Tobacco Co., St. Louis, 1895-1899; partner with J. N. Drummond in firm of Drummond, Betts & Co., stock and bond brokers, St. Louis, 1900-1902; since then in same business alone. Director American Locomotive Equipment Co. Director St. Louis, Lakewood & Grant Park Railway. Republican; Episcopalian. Member of St. Louis Stock Exchange. Recreations: Golf, tennis, yachting.

Beyer, Samuel Walker, educator, geologist, author, was born on May 15, 1865, in Clearfield, Pa. In 1889 he graduated from the Iowa state college; and subsequently received the degree of Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins university. He is assistant geologist in the United States geological survey; and a member of the Iowa geological survey. He is a fellow of the Maryland association for the advancement of science; and a member of the geological society of America. He is the author of Sioux Quartzite and Certain Associated Rocks; Geology of Boone, Marshall, Story and Hardin counties, Iowa; Clay and Clay Industries of Iowa; and other works.

Bice, Edward Sampson, banker; born in Dodgeville, Wis., Oct. 27, 1870; son of Sampson and Emily (Cocking) Bice; educated in Marquette High School; married, Detroit, Mich., Oct. 24, 1893, Marion F. Sparks; one son: E. Stanton. Vice-president and director First National Bank. Republican; Presbyterian. Member Board of Education, public schools of Marquette. Royal Arch Marson (Marquette Chapter). Knight Templar. Recreations: Fishing, camping. Clubs: Marquette, Fortnightly.

Bickham, Warren Stone, author, was born Aug. 23, 1861, in Shreveport, La. In 1873-78 he attended the university of the south; in 1881 attended Yale college; and in 1880-82 studied in the academic department of the university of Louisiana. In 188386 he studied in the medical department of Tulane university and received the degrees of Phar.D. and M.D. In 1887 he received the degree of M.D. from Columbia university; and studied in London and Europe. He was demonstrator of operative surgery in Tulane university of New Orleans, La.; and visiting surgeon to Charity hospital and to Tours hospital, New Orleans; surgeon to Manhattan State hospital of New York city; and instructor in operative surgery in Columbia university. He is the author of Textbook of Operative Surgery.

Bicknell, Edmund, farmer, banker; born Belmont, Maine, July 21, 1846; son of James and Elvira (Pitcher) Bicknell; educated in common an dhigh schools of Waldo County, Maine; married, Searsmont, Maine, 1874, Susan B. Dyer; three sons (deceased). Engaged in farming twenty-one years; five years in manufacturing lime, fish and pork barrels; since 1872 a member and part owner in firm Bicknell Brothers, manufacturing retailers of men's and boy's clothing; also men's and boy's outfitters; also engaged in teaching. Vice-president and director Lawrence National Bank; trustee Lawrence Savings Bank. Republican. Recreations: Golf, travel. Clubs: Home, Merrimac Country (Lawrence, Mass.); Home Market, Republican (Boston).

Bicknell, M. O., chairman Arizona Railway Commission, was born March 22, 1869, in Knox county, Ind. He was educated in the public schools of his native state; and graduated from the Vincennes High School. He is a railroad traffic expert; has been general freight and passenger agent for the Harriman lines in Arizona and Mexico; and assistant general freight and passenger agent of the Southern Pacific Company. He is identified with the republican party; and has held various positions of trust and honor. He is now chairman of the Arizona Railway Commission; and resides in Phoenix, Ariz.

Bigelow, Frank Lewis, manufacturer, bank director; born New Haven, Conn., Sept. 21, 1862; son of late Gov. Hobart B. (governor of Connecticut, 1880) and Eleanor (Lewis) Bigelow; received preparatory education at Hopkins Grammar School; graduated from Sherfield Scientific School of Yale College, Ph.B., 1881; married, New Haven, Conn., Oct. 10, 1883, Annie L. Lewis. Entered shops of the H. B. Bigelow Works as apprentice, 1881, becoming secretary 1883-1891; president on death of father, 1891, in which capacity still continues; also president National Pipe Bending Co.; director of Merchant's National Bank, and New Haven Water Co. Republican; Congregationalist. Clubs: University, (New York), Graduates, Quinnipiack, Country.

Bingham, Henry Harrison, United States congressman from the first district of Pennsylvania, was born Dec. 4, 1841, in Philadelphia, Pa. He entered the union army as a lieutenant in the one hundred and fortieth Pennsylvania volunteers; was wounded at Gettysburg in 1863, at Spottsylvania in 1864, and at Farmville in 1865; and was mustered out of service in 1866 as brevet brigadier-general of volunteers. He was appointed postmaster of Philadelphia in 1867; and was delegate-at-large to the republican national convention at Philadelphia in 1872; also delegate from the first congressional district to the republican national convention at Cincinnati in 1876, at Chicago in 1884 and 1888, at Minneapolis in 1892, and at St. Louis in 1896. He was a member of the forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second, fifty-third, fiftyfourth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth and sixty-first congresses as a republican. He was re-elected to the sixty-second congress from the first district of Pennsylvania for the term of 1911-13; and resides in Philadelphia, Pa.

Bingham, Rutherford, secretary of legation, was born Aug. 30, 1884, in St. Louis, Mo. He graduated with the degree of B.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been lieutenant twelfth infantry New York National Guard; and captain eighteenth infantry Pennsylvania National Guard. In 1907-11 he was engaged in business in Pittsburgh and New York City. In 1911 he was appointed secretary of legation and charge de affaires in the United States legation at Qinto, Ecuador.

Binney, Harold, lawyer and statesman of New York City, was born in 1867 in New York City. He was educated in Newport and Boston and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology of Boston, Columbia Law School of Washington, D. C., and the New York University Law School. He was assistant examiner of patents at Washington in 1887-1890; and has been practicing law in New York City since 1890. He is a member of the firm of Binney and Mastick, patent lawyers; is a member of many of the scientific legal societies and a director of the H. W. Gray Company and other corporations. He is also a member of the Metropolitan, of Washington, Players, Garden City Golf, Technology Club (of which he was president in 1909-11), Engineers', Strollers', Chemists', Lawyers' and Railroad Clubs. He is an enthusiastic yachtsman, and was a navigator of the schooner Mist. In 1895 he married Gertrude A. Miles and they have two daughters: Constance, born in 1897, and Fredrika, born in 1892.

Bird, George E., associate justice state supreme court of Maine, was born Sept. 1, 1847, in Portland, Maine. He was educated in the public schools of his native city; in 1869 received the degree of A.B. from Harvard; and subsequetnly received the degree of LL.D. from Bowdoin. In 1895 he was United States