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University of Rochester, 1888-96; professor diplomacy, Columbian (now George Washington) University, Washington, D.C., 1899-1903. assistant secretary of State of U.S., 1898-1903; envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of U.S. to Switzerland, 1903-05, and to the Netherlands, 1905-08; since June 1, 1908, ambassador to Germany. Delegate plenipotentiary of the United States to the Second Peace Conference at The Hague, 1907. Has traveled much in Europe and made researches in European libraries and archives. Author: Life of Washington Irving; Life of William Cullent Bryant, 1878; Elements of Psychology, 1886; Social Influence of Christianity, 1888; Principles and Fallacies of Socialism, 1888; Genetic Philosophy, 1893; The Conception and Realization of Neutrality, 1902; The Life and Work of Hugo Grotius, 1902; The Contemporary Development of Diplomacy, 1904; is engaged upon A History of Diplomacy in the International Development of Europe (Longmans), of which two volumes have appeared; The Struggle for Universal Empire, 1905, and The Establishment of Territorial Sovereignty, 1906; also World Organization as Affected by the Nature of the Modern State, 1911, translated into German and French under the titles Völkerorganization and der Moderne Staat, and L'Etat Moderne et l'Organization Internationale. Republican. Member S.A.R.; vice grand commander Society of American Wars; American Philosophical Society; fellow A.A.A.S. Clubs: Century, Authors (N.Y. City); Metropolitan, Cosmos (Washington); Genesee Valley (Rochester).

Hill, Edson George, magistrate, was born Oct. 18, 1828, in Fairfax, Vt. He was educated in the public schools of his native state. For thirty years he was engaged as a general blacksmith; and was town superintendent of schools in Vermont in 1858-61. He was city assessor of St. Charles, Minn., for several years; and for over twenty-five years has been a justice of the peace in St. Charles and Eyota, Minn.

Hill, Frank, banker; born Ithaca, N.Y., June 28, 1861; son of Frank and Mary E. (Green) Hill; graduated from Alfred University of Alfred, N.Y., A.B., 1883; married, Alfred, N.Y., Oct. 6, 1885, Emma Green; children: Evelyn I., Mary H., Frank M., Helen L. Cashier of Ashaway National Bank, Ashaway, R.I., since 1885; treasurer Tennessee Line and Twine Co., Tennessee Cotton Mills Co., Ashaway and Westerly Railway Co., Ashaway Clay Co., Centerville Mills; director Ashaway Line and Twine Manufacturing Co. Member of the Rhode Island Legislature five years; of the Rhode Island Board of Education eleven years. Republican; Seventh Day Baptist. Trustee Rhode Island Normal School and School of Design.

Hill, Henry Wayland, lawyer and statesman of Buffalo, N.Y., was born Nov. 13, 1853, in Isle La Motte, Vt. He graduated from the university of Vermont, from which institution he received the degrees of A.B., A.M. and LL.D.; and the degree of LL.D. from Middlebury_college. In 1877-79 he was principal of the Swanton Union school of Vermont; and in 1879-83 was principal of the Chateaugay academy of New York. Since 1884 he has practiced law in Buffalo, N.Y. In 1894 he was a member of the New York constitutional convention; in 1896-1900 was a member of the New York state assembly; and in 1901-10 was a member of the state senate. He is president of the Buffalo Historical society; and has a private library of rare and valuable books. He has traveled extensively in the United States, Great Britain and Europe. He is the author of The Development of Constitutional Law in New York; Waterways and Canal Construction in New York; and various contributions to the Encyclopedia Americana and other standard works.

Hill, James J., railroad president, philanthropist, was born Sept. 16, 1838, in Canada. The St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba company is now identified with the Great Northern railway system of which Mr. Hill was president in 1890-1907. Since he took charge of its affairs, the railway system has been extended from four hundred to nearly five thousand miles, creating an unbroken line, through the several states, from Lake Superior and St. Paul to Puget Sound on the Pacific Coast.

Hill, James Langdon, lecturer and author, was born March 14, 1848, in Garnaviilo, Iowa. In 1871 he graduated from Andover Theological seminary. He founded the Society of Old Boston, Eng.; and has made addresses in all the capitals of New England and in almost all the states of the Union. In 1878 he delivered the election sermon before the governor and legislature of Massachusetts. He is the author of the Growth of Government, and other works.

Hill, John Fremont, member Republican national committee for Maine, and chairman of the committee, was born Oct. 29, 1855, in Eliot, Maine. He was educated at Berwick Academy; graduated from the medical department of Bowdoin college; and Long Island college hospital of Brooklyn, N.Y. He is a journalist and publisher by profession, and for many years prominently identified with the business and public affairs of Maine. In 1888-92 he was a representative in the Maine state legislature; in 1892-96 was a member of the state senate; in 1906 was a presidential elector; and in 1898-99 was a member of the executive council. In 1901-05 he served with distinction as governor of the state of Maine. In 1900 he was a delegate to the republican national convention; and is prominently identified with the republican party. He is director of the Maine Central Railroad company; the Atlantic, Gulf and West Indies Steamship lines; the New England Telegraph company; and a director in various other public service corporations. He is a member of the republican national committee for Maine and chairman of the committee; and resides in Augusta, Maine.

Hill, John Wesley, president International Peace Forum, was born May 6, 1863, in Kalida, Ohio. In 1887 he graduated from the Boston Theological seminary, and received the degrees of A.B., D.D. and LL.D. He has filled pastorates in the Methodist Episcopal church in Fostoria, Ohio; in Harrisburg, Pa.; in Brooklyn, N.Y.; and since 1907 in the Metropolitan Temple of New York City. He is widely known as a civic and political speaker, and made his first appearance in the Blaine campaign. In 1896 he took an active part in the McKinley campaign, and in 1908 delivered the prayer to the republican national convention held in Chicago. He accompanied candidate Taft on his northwestern campaign and spoke many times; and is also a platform and Chautauqua lecturer. In 1900 he was chaplain in the Pennsylvania state senate; and is past grand chaplain of the Masons in the state of New York. He is president of the International Peace Forum; and resides in New York City.

Hill, Joseph Morrison, lawyer, jurist and author; was born Sept. 2, 1864, in Davidson College, N.C. He was a student in the university of Arkansas; and in 1883 received the degree of LL.B. from the Lebanon law school of Tennessee. In 1883-1904 he practiced law in Eureka Springs and Fort Smith, Ark.; and in 1904-09 was chief justice of the state supreme court of Arkansas. Since 1909 he has been chief counsel for the state in the railroad rate cases. He is one of the compilers of Sandels and Hill's Digest of the statutes of Arkansas.

Hill, Judson Sudborough, clergyman, college president, was born June 3, 1854, in Trenton, N.J. He was educated at the New Jersey classical and scientific institute and the Crozier theological seminary and has_received the degrees of A.M. and D.D. He has been clerk of the New Jersey state senate; in 1900 was supervisor of census; and is a prominent member of the F. and A.M., I.O.O.F. and other fraternal orders. He is an eminent clergyman and has filled several important pastorates. Since 1881 he has been president of Morristown normal and industrial college.

Hill, Louis W., president Great Northern Railway; was born about 1870 in St. Paul, Minn.; and is the son of James J. Hill, a pioneer of Minnesota; and from 1875 became largely identified with railroad management, becoming president of the Great Northern system. Louis W. Hill received a thorough education; became interested in railroad work; and has held various positions on the Great Northern and other railways, of which his father was president. Since 1907 he has been president of the Great Northern railway; and resides in St. Paul.

Hill, Robert William, superintendent State and Alien Poor, State Board of Charities; born N.Y. City, Nov. 13, 1845; son George and Anna (Cashmore) Hill; educated University of N.Y. and Union Theological Seminary, 1878; D.D. University of Oregon, 1882; married, Martinsburgh, N.Y., May 28, 1878, Lois R. Hough; children: Robert Crawford, Elizabeth Kendell, Helen. Ordained in Presbyterian ministry; pastor Salem, Ore., 1878-81; professor in Willamette University, 1879-80; superintendent of Presbyterion Missions and Indiana Schools in Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Alaska, 1881-87, and in Indian Territory and Oklahoma, 1887-95; became connected with the State Board of Charities of N.Y. in 1898, appointed secretary 1901. Secretary State Salary Classification Commission; Commission to select Site for State Training School for boys. Enlisted 2d N.Y. (Harris Light) Cavalry in 1862; served till close of war. Department commander G.A.R., 1892; secretary Oregon State Charities Aid Association, 1883-84; member Oregon State Board of Pardon, 1885-S6; also served as secretary of that board; president National Association of Poor Law Officials, 1910-11. Treasurer American Association of Officials of Charity and Correction, 1912. Republican. Free Mason, 33 degree; past grand master, past grand high priest Royal Arch Masons, past grand commander Knights Templar.

Hill, Thomas Edie, publisher, author, was born Feb. 29, 1832, in Sandgate, Vt. In 1866, he founded the Aurora Herald, and was Mayor of Aurora, Ill. In 1885, he settled in Glen Ellyn, Ill., which he named, made Spring Lake out of a swamp, and made vast improvements in that city. He is the author of Hill's Manual of Social and Business Forms, Modern Ornamental Grounds and other works.

Hillyer, William Hurd, banker, born Atlanta, Ga., July 29, 1880; son of Henry and Mrs. Eleanor Hurd (Talcott) Hillyer; graduated Atlanta High School (first honor); attended Mercer University, left college on account of health in sophomore year; married, Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 7, 1903 Mary Dunwody Jones; children: Eleanor and Jane. Was chief editorial writer "Atlanta Journal," 1903; resigned to engage in real estate and bond business, 1904; secretary and treasurer Hillyer Investment Company, 1906; this corporation after successive increases became the Hillyer Trust Company, in 1910, and the Atlanta Trust Company in 1912, with capital and surplus of $600,000, and is now its vice-president and treasurer; organized the Sixth Ward Bank the same year, now merged with the Travelers' Bank; organized the Broad River Granite Corpora

tion, of which he is now vice-president (one of the most important factors in the granite trade in the South, and a consolidation of several important granite quarries controlling the monumental granite district of North Georgia); chairman of the board, American Bakeries Corporation of Delaware; also president Municipal Securities Company. Author of "Songs of the Steel Age" (Boston, 1907); contributor to Harper's, Munsey's, Lippincotts, Youths' Companion and other publications. He is personally responsible for the organization of several important southern institutions. Chairman of Committee on Stocks and Bonds, Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Independent in politics, but Democrat in local affairs. Baptist. Member American Bankers' Association, Investment Bankers' Association, and National Geographic Society; member of Kappa Alpha fraternity. Recreation: Motoring, poetry. Clubs: Capital City, University, Brookhaven Country, Authors', Highland Lake.

Hinds, John Iredelle Dillard, educator, author, was born Dec. 13, 1847, in Guilford County, N.C. In 1873-99 he was dean of the college faculty and professor of chemistry at Cumberland University; and since 1899 has been dean of the college faculty of the University of Nashville, Tenn. He is the author of Uses of Tobacco; Charles Darwin; and American System of Education.

Hine, Charles De Lano, railway executive, soldier, railway examiner, organization expert, author; was born March 15, 1867, in Vienna, Va., where he still maintains a residence. In 1885 he graduated from the high school of Washington, D.C. He entered the employ of a contractor; and subsequently in a competitive examination he won a cadetship, graduating in 1891 from the United States military academy at West Point. He subsequently graduated from the Cincinnati Law School; and in 1893 was admitted to the bar. In 1891-95 he served as a lieutenant in the United States army; and resigned his commission and engaged in railroad work, filling the positions of freight brakeman, switchman, yardmaster, conductor, chief clerk, trainmaster, assistant superintendent, right-of-way agent, general superintendent, and vice-president and general manager, besides holding various staff commissions. He served in the Spanish-American war as a major in the United States volunteers; and participated in the siege of Santiago de Cuba. In 1900 he was inspector of safety appliances for the Interstate Commerce Commission; and in 1907 assisted in the revision of business methods of the Department of the Interior at Washington. D.C. In 1907-08 he acted as receiver of the Washington, Arlington & Falls Church Electric Railway. In 1910 as temporary special representative of President Taft, outlined program for improving organization and methods of all departments of the United States government. He has become well known as an eminent railway examiner and organization expert; is the originator of The Hine System of Organization; and which, among other special duties, he installed on the Harriman lines. He is the author of Letters From an Old Railway Official to His Son; and now resides in Tucson, Ariz., as vice-president of that portion of the Harriman system known as the Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico and Arizona Eastern Railroad.

Hinebaugh, William H., lawyer, jurist; was born Dec. 16, 1867, in Calhoun County, Mich. In 1893 he began the practice of law; in 1900-02 was assistant state's attorney of La Salle County; and since 1902 has been county judge of La Salle County, Ill. He is chairman of the Republican county central committee of La Salle County; and a member of the Hamilton Club of Chicago. He is much in demand as a public speaker; and has always taken an active interest in public questions.

Hinkley, James Otis, banker; born Westfield, N.Y., July 16, 1859; son of Watson S. and Clara B. (Thatcher) Hinkley; educated in Greylock Institute, South Williamstown, Mass., Williams College, and Union College of Law, Chicago; married Eau Claire, Wis., May 30, 1887, Sarah Lynn Putnam. Was clerk in office of A. S. Mann & Co., Rochester, N.Y., in office of L. Sunderland & Co.; entry clerk for B. F. Morris & Co., Chicago, paying teller in Drovers' National Bank; department manager in Granger Farwell & Co.. later for Harris, Winthrop & Co., now a partner in firm, having offices in Chicago, New York, London and Paris. Republican. Director Chicago Charity Hospital; member of Council United Charities of Chicago; member Delta Psi fraternity of Williams College. Recreations: Sailing, golf. Clubs: University, Union League, Midlothian Country, Chicago Golf (Wheaton, Ill.).

Hinson, William G., cotton planter of Charleston County, S.C.; was born in December, 1838, in James Island, S.C. He was educated in the public and private schools of his native state. He is a successful Sea Island cotton planter of Charleston County, S. C.; and is prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his county and state. He has held several local positions of trust and honor; and has always taken a leading part in public affairs and in the advancement of all measures that tended to the benefit and progress of the business, mercantile and agricultural affairs of his community; and resides in Charleston, S.C.

Hirschberg, Michael Henry, jurist: born Newburgh, N.Y., April 12, 1847; son Henry and Fanny (Francks) Hirschberg; graduated Newburg Free Academv, 1862; married, New York City, March 16. 1878, Lizzie McAlles; children: Harry, born 1879, Stuart, born 1885, Frances, born 1887, Scott, born 1893. Practiced at Newburgh until elected justice of Supreme Court; member Newburgh board of education, 1871-83; special county judge of Orange County, 1875-78: district attorney of Orange County, 1889-95; state delegate to constitutional convention, 1894; elected justice Supreme Court of State of New York, 1896; assigned to appellate division. 2d department, Brooklyn, 1900; appointed presiding justice January, 1904, for term expiring Dec. 31, 1910: re-elected justice Supreme Court of State of New York November, 1910, and re-assigned to appellate division, 2d department, Brooklyn. January. 1911. Clubs: Republican, Manhattan, Lawyers, Hamilton, Powellton, Newburgh City, etc.

Hitchcock, Charles H., lawyer; born Binghamton, N.Y., Nov. 12, 1857; son Henry S. and Mary Jane (Smith) Hitchcock; graduated Hamilton College, A.B., 1879; married, first. Rhinebeck, N.Y., April 20, 1887, Jennie K. Brown; second. Ithaca. N.Y.. Aug. 9, 1891, L. Estelle Heath. Admitted to bar. February, 1885; since then practicing at Binghamton; member firm Devo, Hitchcock & Carver, since 1901. Connected with National Guard, New York. since 1882; captain 20th Separate Company, 1907; served in Spanish-American War as captain Company H, 1st New York Volunteers, at Camp Black. Governor's Island, Presidio of San Francisco, Cal., and Camp McKinley, Honolulu, H.I.; mustered out Feb. 26, 1899; appointed major 1st Regiment National Guards New York, March 17, 1889; colonel, May 1, 1905: president National Guard Association State of New York, 1905-06: brevetted brigadier-general July, 1910; member Militia Council, New York. 1910; associate member Military Service Institution; member United States Infantry Association, Broome County Historical Society, Chi Psi and Phi Beta Kappa fraternities. Was instructor in Latin, Greek and higher mathematics at De Garmo Institute, Rhinebeck, N.Y., and Binghamton High School, 1879-82; legisla