light. The appearance there was one of desolation, and we knew we were close to the enemy; a rough looking country at any time, but at this time all the public property had been destroyed; cars and locomotives were burned and dumped over high embankments; it was really desolation.

March 31. We arrived at Martinsburg, W. Va., at noon. At this place the river was full of burned cars, and side tracks with burned locomotives; we drew rations, and took our departure for No. 12 Water Station on the B. & O. R. R., arriving there at 8 p. m. It was a disappointment to all of us, but a soldier's duty is to obey all orders, whether we like it or not. We remained here guarding the railroad, and nothing of importance occurred except plenty of scouting and hard duty all the time.

May 26. 1862. We received marching orders, and things looked squally. The entire regiment was concentrated at South Branch, where Capt. Suter's company A had been located, expecting an attack. About 4 p. m. our pickets gave an alarm, when the regiment was formed in line and remained so for a half hour when we were dismissed and went to quarters. In getting out we pulled down our tents and slept in the rain for the balance of the night.

May 30. Col. Linton with about 400 men went down the road as far as Sir John's Run and found it all right; returned the same day.

May 31. Col. Campbell and Lieut. Col. Linton with 400 men on gondola cars proceeded down the railroad, with the intention of going as far as we could, expecting to meet the enemy. We went as far as Back Creek, there found the Back Creek bridge burned; then we returned to South Branch, arriving there at 12 midnight.

June 2, 1862. Company E returned to No. 12 Water Station, our regular location.

June 10. We received our pay.

June 13. Captain Graham with 38 men started on a scouting tour and got as far as Georgetown; laid over unti! Moreland, our guide, arrived, then proceeded to the Cross Roads; we took breakfast with rebel Quartermaster Gore.

June 14. We were fired upon from different points by bushwhackers; came to North river. The boys set fire guerrilla Captain Edwards' barn; it was destroyed with its contents; arrived at camp on June 16th.

July 3. I got a pass to go to Hancock, Md., where Company D was located; it was only one I received in the service.

July 4. Returned at 4 p. m. and went on picket duty; nothing of importance happened, except hard duty and scouting.

September 5. Rebels were reported at the Point of Rocks. All cars and engines were taken west from Martinsburg. Our company began digging rifle pits.

September 11. Company G, Captain Hites', had a skirmish, and took a few prisoners.

September 12. Col. Campbell with 56 men went on North Mountain and met the enemy about 500 strong; he repulsed them and took fifteen prisoners and thirty stands of arms.

September 14. Fifty picked men of Company E were ordered to South Branch on a forced march under the command of Lieutenant ; we lost him at the tunnel; we crossed the Potomac twice; marched to South Branch in three hours; distance 15 miles; the officer followed.

September 21. All the officers and men excepting about fifteen from Company A, and the same from Company E, who were detailed for picket duty, left for Back Creek.

September 22, Captain Hite's Company G were driven out of their quarters by Jackson's army; lost all their tents and ten days rations, and a few boxes of cartridges. A portion of our regiment advanced upon the enemy but found him too strong and fell back. Company A returned at 9 a. m. Thirty men belonging to Company E stopped at Cherry Run.

September 24. The fifteen men of Company E moved from Company A's quarters to the South Branch Bridge and fording.

September 27. The fifteen men of Company E were ordered to report to No. 12 Water Station,-B. & O. R. R. After supper we all piled on lever hand cars-four men to the leverand the others manned the guns; arrived safe at No. 12 at dark.

September 30. Sergeant Bennett with 13 men sent to Bloomery for a deserter; we proceeded about four miles beyond the Cacapon, then got in a haymow and slept until morning.

October 1, 1862. Started early; when we arrived at Bloomery we divided our squad, and started to look for breakfast; was informed by the lady of the house that Col. Imboden with 1500 troops was quartered at Bloomery bridge, a distance of two miles; we paid the lady, who bid us good bye, and saying: "You are all merry, you had better return, for if you go any further you will not get back." We proceeded for a short distance when we were fired upon by the pickets; while consulting on the situation a squad of cavalry came charging down the road; we gave them a volley and retreated. About this time we heard the sound of a bugle and stopped and held a council of war. We crossed a field and laid in ambush for a half hour; all was quiet. We then started through the woods to the house of Mr. Simms; two of his boys were in our company; he was surprised to see us and confirmed the statement of the lady about the rebel Imboden. We got dinner and Mr. Simms piloted us across the road, and we made a good retreat; arriving at Cacapon river at 5 p. m., where we got bread and butter and apple jack; crossed the river, and came within four miles of Paw Paw, and slept in a haymow.

October 2. We started at daylight; marched to Paw Paw, and there took the train for No. 12 Water station. Heavy firing was heard in the direction of Cumberland, Md.; reported that Company K, Capt. Newhard, at Little Cacapon were captured. Company B at Paw Paw was captured and started for No. 12. We had only forty men in the command; we formed and divided into three squads. Sergeant Bartholomew Kane, Corporal Andrew Ward, and Corporal Jonas B. Kauffman, each took a squad and crossed the river. We left the Lieutenant and two men in the rifle pits. Col. Campbell arrived with a train of a few cars and we were taken to Great Cacapon.

October 5. We were taken to Sir John's Run, formed and marched to Bath. We deployed along the road expecting an attack! After some time we returned to the Great Cacapon.

October 6. Passed through the same routine; all the regiment were together excepting Company A, which was at South Branch.

October 8. We received orders to join the Army of the Potomac, but it was countermanded and we returned to our old quarters; arrived at No. 12 at 10 p. m.

December 23. We left No. 12; the regiment being concentrated at North Mountain, where we went into winter quarters. 1863.

January 6. At 4 a. m. the regiment started with all men which were fit for duty; went west on the train as far as New Creek; I being left at North Mountain, unfit for duty; they went to Mechanics' Gap.

January 8. The regiment returned to North Mountain. March 6. Marching orders received; struck our tents about noon; marched to North Mountain Station, arriving there at 8 p. m.; got on gondola cars at midnight; it rained all night. Arrived at Green Spring Run at 8 a, m. the next day.

March 7. We pitched our tents for shelter from the rain; very wet and chilly; got straw to sleep on; it rained all day.

March 8. Struck our tents and started for Romney, W. Va.; the mud was almost knee deep; arrived there about dark. During the day it ceased raining but on our arrivel at Romney it began again. We made ourselves as comfortable as we could and remained there until the 16th.

March 16. Struck tents; formed the First West Virginia; took the lead and crossed the South Branch on ferry; camped on the east side of the hill with the Ringgold or Washington County cavalry between the Gap and the river. The artillery was located on the hill west of the camp. While here our duty was arduous, scouting all the time. We had no enemy of large force to contend, but the locality was infested with bands of guerrillas, which required more vigilance than the open enemy.

March 24. One of the U. S. Mail escort was shot in the

neck, and two pickets were captured between Green Spring and Springfield.

April 7, 1863. Our wagon train went in the direction of Moorefield to bring in forage; it was guarded by the Ringgold Cavalry. The train was attacked and part of it captured, including five cavalrymen and one lieutenant; three companies of infantry ordered out to reinforce the battalion of cavalry, which fought the enemy all day; most of the time in close quarters with revolver and saber our men were largely outnumbered. At 6 p. m. the remainder of the 54th and 1st W. Va. infantry were ordered out; arrived at the scene of action in the night; it had been raining for some time and we waded the streams; laid down in line; in the morning our wet clothing stuck fast to the frozen ground; it was cold and frosty.

April 8. We started in pursuit of the rebs, who in the meantime had retreated and crossed the river; after shelling their camp we returned to where we had camped the previous night; our men being so badly used up, Col. Campbell sent for the wagon train and hauled those who could not walk.

April 9. Report came of a large force moving to make an attack on us; slept on our arms all night; everything quiet.

April 26. Quartermaster Gordon of the 54th Penna. and the Quartermaster of the 1st W. Va., a cavalry lieutenant and a doctor, were captured.

tion.

May 3, 1863. The 1st W. Va. went out on a scouting expedi

May 11. The mail carrier was shot between Romney and Springfield; the mail was captured and four of the escort were taken prisoners.

May 16. The 1st W. Va. regiment returned from the scout; nothing unusual happened, but plenty of duty and continual scouting to keep the enemy away from us.

Va.

June 12, 1863. Received marching orders.

June 13. General Milroy reported fighting at Winchester,

June 14. We took up our march about 3 p. m.; the night was very dark; midway between Mechanics' Gap and New Creek I fell and fractured my knee-cap; my leg was stiff and very painful; walked the remainder of the way, hopping on one foot and the support of my gun.

June 15. Came up to the regiment, which was within 2 miles of New Creek; laid over until 10 a. m. When we arrived at New Creek I was sent to the hospital.

June 16. Our regiment moved about 2 miles from New Creek, and located on a high hill.

June 23. Returned to the regiment; it took me all day to get there.

June 30. The entire command under marching orders. General Lee's whole force crossed the Potomac; I was sent to

the Kelly General Hospital, at Cumberland, Md. Here I left my regiment and comrades and have no record until my return, but I must not pass the important events.

July 1, 1863. Reported that General Joe Hooker was relieved of his command at his request, and was succeeded by General Geo. G. Meade.

July 4. Report of the surrender of Vicksburg, Miss.; great rejoicing.

July 5. Report of the rebel army being defeated at Gettysburg by General Meade.

July 6. Rebels reported falling back in the direction of Cumberland, Md. Our regiment passed through Cumberland. July 8. Left the Cumberland Hospital and was sent to the Clairsville General Hospital.

September 16. Left Clairsville, Md.; laid over at New Creek, W. Va.

September 17.

September 18.

Came to Burlington, W. Va.

Arrived at Mechanics' Gap at noon. September 28. The regiment returned to Mechanics' Gap, coming from Petersburg, W. Va.

October 6. I was sent on a detail by Dr. Allen, to drive the ambulance.

November 5, 1863. Received marching orders.

November 6. Packed up at 4 a. m.; started at 7 a. m.; arrived at Springfield, W. Va., at noon.

November 9. The regiment received marching orders with four days' rations; it began snowing; crossed the river below Hanging Rock; bivouacked for the night a mile above the junction.

November 10. We started at daylight; took dinner west of Fox's Gap; marched to Moorefield, W. Va.; sent a detachment across the river to the town, after which we started on our return trip; went within a mile of Fox's Gap, where we stopped for the night.

November 11. We took up our march as usual and came within three miles of the Junction, where we had dinner; then marched within five miles of the river, where we rolled into the hay for the night.

November 12. We resumed our march; crossed the river; the water was deep and cold; water came in the ambulance; arrived at Springfield at noon.

November 13. Made a trip to Green Spring Run; returned at dark without an escort; time from Green Spring to Springfield 45 minutes.

Nov. 16. A scouting party started composed of the 54th P. V., Battery E, 1st W. Va. Light Artillery, and two companies of the 15th W. Va.; returned on the 19th.

Dec. 24. The Penna. Cavalry left us; destination unknown.