last; and the Appendices contain the Patents and Designs Act 1907, the Rules of the following year, and some precedents of specifications.

Second Edition. Leading Cases and Statutes on the Law of Evidence. By ERNEST COCKLE. London: Sweet & Maxwell. 1911. The first edition was prepared for the use of students only. But as it met with favour from practitioners at Quarter Sessions, this issue has been enlarged in its scope to meet the greater detail required by the new class of readers. The Author has gathered from many statutes portions relating to evidence, and he believes this collection to be the fullest in existence on the subject. Of the many cases quoted at some length, he has endeavoured to extract in each instance the principle involved, and prints it as a head-note. An analysis which he supplies gives, in about a dozen pages, a very good presentment of the whole subject.

Fifth Edition. The Agricultural Holdings Act, 1908. By A. J. SPENCER. London: Stevens & Sons. 1911. The origin of this Act was in one with the same title passed in 1906, but to come into operation not till three years later. Before that period elapsed it was repealed, and its provisions, with those of earlier statutes, consolidated in the present Act. The legislation of which this is the representative is of great importance, as it established the right of an outgoing tenant to claim compensation for improvements which he had himself effected. The Author in numerous notes elucidates and illustrates the many points in the Act which would present difficulties to anyone not well informed in the subject.

CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN LITERATURE.

In Memoriam: James Williams, D.C.L., LL.D.

The memory of James Williams, who died at Oxford about the middle of last Term, must not be left without some meed of appreciation in this Magazine, to which he was a frequent contributor, and of whose Contemporary Foreign Literature section he for many years took charge.

Dr. Williams was a native of Liverpool, and received part of his early education at Liverpool College, from whence he came as an undergraduate to Lincoln College, Oxford. After a moderately successful career as an undergraduate-achieving distinction not only in the schools but as an athlete (the proud record of having rowed in the University Eight was his)--he took his degree in 1874, and the following year was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn. At the Bar he practised for a few years, but soon returned to Oxford to take up the work of a Law Tutor. To this work he devoted himself with unremitting zeal and with great benefit to his pupils, till his appointment as a University Reader a few years before his death. Elected a Fellow of Lincoln College, he gave constant attention to College business, and held the office of Estates Bursar of the College for a considerable period. University business also received a fair share of his attention as, inter alia, he was for a number of years a curator of the Taylorian Institution, and on two occasions represented the University—at commemorative festivals of foreign seats of learning-once at Yale (where he received an honorary degree in law) and once at Oviedo. On the creation, about four years ago, by the munificence of All Souls' College, of a University Readership in Roman Law, Dr. Williams was elected to it, and this office, tenable for five years, he held at the date of his death. The time was too short and his health too feeble to enable him to do much work in Roman law after his election, but he had undoubtedly a wide knowledge of the subject.

Dr. Williams was a prolific writer. Though he never produced any large or comprehensive work, he was the author of several useful manuals, all characterised by learning and ability. Such were two books produced for the series of Law Manuals, published by A. & C. Black, viz., one on Wills and Succession 1891, and

the other on the Law of Education, 1892. The latter was accepted as a qualifying dissertation for the degree of D.C.L. of Oxford. He also brought out, in 1893, a small book in which the texts of the Institutes of Justinian are contrasted with the rules of English law on the same topics. This work, though not free from occasional mistakes, was conceived on a happy plan and is most useful for students, and has run into a second edition. The last legal work from his pen is entitled Law of the Universities, published in 1910. It was first published in this Magazine in the years 1908–9, and shows not a little research, and throws a good deal of light on a topic much requiring elucidation. He also wrote many articles on law for the Encyclopædia Britannica.

But Dr. Williams, though devoted to the study of law, was something more than a mere lawyer. Themis was not the sole object of his worship. He was well-known as a lover of poetry and had himself considerable powers of versification. Besides frequent poetic contributions to the pages of the Oxford University Magazine, he published several small volumes of verse, among which may be mentioned Ethandune, 1892; Briefless Ballads, 1895; and Thomas of Kempen, 1909; the last-mentioned being specially admired by competent judges. He was also an excellent linguist and well versed in foreign literature. One of his legal works is Dante as a Jurist. His knowledge of Spanish-a rather rare accomplishment at the University-was exceptionally good, but there were few European languages that came amiss to him. He kept himself in touch with modern languages by travelling abroad most of his vacations.

In temperament, Dr. Williams was rather reserved and melancholic; he did not apparently make friendships readily. But he was always most generous in giving of his time and labour to assist others when called upon. The present writer has had frequent occasion to make use of his services in various official matters and always found him most ready to accord them.

There can be no doubt that a deep shadow was thrown over the last two or three years of his life by the consciousness of the incurable malady to which he ultimately succumbed. But he seldom made any complaint, and struggled with infinite courage and resolution to do his work to the end, and died truly in harness in the College to which he had so long been attached. H. G.

Zeitschrift für Internationales Recht, Vol. XXII, Parts 1 and 2. Leipzig, 1912.-On pp. 1 to 121 the late Judge of the German Supreme Court in Leipzig, H. Wittmack, discusses the provisions of German law as to the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and foreign awards in a very lucid and interesting manner. The learned Author bases his observations on the well-known decision of the German Supreme Court, In re The Rhein and Mosel Fire Insurance Co. Ltd. (March 26, 1909), reported in Vol. 70 of the Decisions of the Reichsgericht in Civil Cases. There the highest Court of the German Empire had refused to recognise and enforce a judgment of a Californian Court on the ground that the principle of reciprocity ("Gegenseitigkeit") was not sufficiently recognised by Californian law.—In a second article (pp. 122 to 141) the same distinguished Author treats of some rules of International law as to contracts of affreightment, starting from a decision of the Supreme Court of Alabama in Southern Express Co. v. Gibbs, American State Reports CXXX, 24, and comparing the same with decisions of English Courts. An article by Dr. A. Schmidt, of Buda-Pesth, outlines the provisions of the new Hungarian Civil Procedure Code, 1911; and under the heading "Rechtsprechung" we find an interesting collection of recent decisions of American, German, and Austrian Courts on points of International law.

Deutsche Juristen-Zeitung, Vol. XVI, Nos. 19 to 25, and Vol. XVII, Nos. 1 and 2 (1 Oct. 1911-15 Jan. 1912). Berlin.-A study on International law with regard to the present war between Italy and Turkey (XVI, 1244); an article on "German Law as to Transactions in English Shares" (XVI, 1252); and the view of a distinguished German internationalist on the Franco-German Agreement of November 4, 1911, respecting Morocco and the Congo (XVII, 1), will be of interest to English readers. As usual, all the above-mentioned numbers of this German "Law Journal" contain careful reports of, and valuable notes on, recent decisions of higher German Courts and good literary reviews. G. C. F. S.-M.

WORKS OF REFERENCE.

Who's Who, 1912, and Who's Who Year Book, 1912-13. London: A. & C. Black.-Who's Who is by this time too well-known to need any detailed description at our hands. The size of the book continues to increase, the present issue containing, it is said, some 24,000 biographies, yet it would be difficult indeed to point to more than a few of the notices throughout the whole of the work that could be dispensed with. In several instances some of the particulars given would

scarcely appear to merit inclusion, and a more drastic pruning in this direction in future issues would assist towards keeping the work within reasonable proportions. This is, however, a minor criticism. The book has long since acquired a reputation for excellency and accuracy which the present issue well maintains, and has earned for itself a position as an indispensable work of reference both for the office and in the home. The Year Book contains the tables which formerly were included in Who's Who, many of them original and to be found probably in no other work. Extremely useful even when used alone, it will be found doubly so as a supplement to the parent work.

The Writers' and Artists' Year Book 1912. London: A. & C. Black.-For those who contribute to the newspaper and periodical press this work should prove of the greatest assistance. It comprises lists of English and American Magazines, journals and Publishers, &c., with such information relating to the publications as will enable the writer or artist to place his work with the greatest chance of success.

The Englishwoman's Year Book and Directory 1912. Edited by G. E. MITTON. London: A. & C. Black.—This work has now attained its 31st year. Divided into two parts, the first comprising Education, Professions, and Social Life, and the second Philanthropy and Social Work, it gives much valuable information and many useful tables grouped in sections under each head. To all interested in woman's work, in no matter what department of life, the information given in this book is likely to be of the utmost service.

The Lawyer's Remembrancer and Pocket Book 1912. By A. POWELL, K.C. London: Butterworth & Co.-Mr. Powell's handy little book has now reached its fifteenth annual issue. The form is by now well-known, and it remains unchanged in the present edition. The contents have, however, received careful revision, and a new feature of the present issue is an article on the subject of Quantum Meruit.

Fry's Royal Guide to the London Charities 1912. Edited by JOHN LANE. London: Chatto & Windus.-This is the forty-eighth issue of this useful Guide. In alphabetical arrangement it gives a list of all the London Charities, with brief particulars of each, and in an Appendix is given more detailed information concerning the principal hospitals and charitable institutions. The Editor's Preface reviewing the charitable aspect of the past year is, as usual, interesting reading.

Books received, reviews of which have been held over owing to want of space :-Devon's The Criminal and the Community; Wooding's The Existing Death Duties; Chitty's Statutes; Kelke's Primer of Roman Law; Broughton's Reminders for Conveyancers; Jenks' Digest of English Civil Law, Book III— Property; Olfield's Law of Copyright; Clark's Law of the Employment of Labour; Parry's Food and Drugs Acts; Wurtzburg's After-acquired Property; Clark's Law of National Insurance; Macgillivray's Insurance Law; Schlosser and Clark's Legal Position of Trade Unions; Stephens, Gifford and Smith's Naval Law and Courts Martial; Oppenheim's International Law; Donogh's Law of Sedition; Storey's Reform of Legal Procedure; Railway and Canal Traffic Cases, Vol. XIV; Dawbarn's Workmen's Compensation Appeals 1910-11; Willoughby's The Legal Estate; Disney's Carriage by Railway; Walton's Introduction to Roman Law; Lowndes' General Average; Odgers' Pleading and Practice; Ross' Law of Discovery, Reports of Cases decided in the High Court of the South African Republic; Paterson's Licensing Acts; Montgomery and Woodcock's Licensing Practice; Wilshere's Elements of Criminal Law; Wills' Circumstantial Evidence; Chartres' Public Authorities Protection Act 1893; The Oak Book of Southampton; Geldart's Elements of English Law; Garnett's Children and the Law; Pollock's First Book of Jurisprudence; Anson's Law and Custom of the Constitution; Snell's Principles of Equity; Bower's Actionable Misrepresentation.