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Virgin Islands. All report to the Chief of the Office of Experiment Stations. The territorial stations have larger staffs than those of the insular possessions, and each is in charge of an agronomist who receives $4000 a year. This is due to the larger appropriations granted to the territorial stations.

These local station organizations constitute the only permanent field service maintained by the Office of Experiment Stations, and all of the station directors and their subordinates are in the classified or excepted service.

Alaska Experiment Stations. The headquarters experiment station for Alaska is at Sitka. The four branch stations are at Rampart, Kodiak, Fairbanks, and Matanuska. All five of the stations are in charge of one Agronomist,' whose salary is $4000 a year. He is assisted by three superintendents of branch stations, an extension agent, a horticulturist, an assistant, a clerk, and a caretaker of the station.

The superintendents of branch stations conduct such experiments as the Agronomist may direct and that might prove beneficial to their respective localities.

Hawaiian Experiment Station. The Agronomist in charge of the Hawaiian station is assisted by a staff of eleven, including another agronomist, a chemist, and two clerks. A horticulturist and his assistant administer the experiments in their widely diversified local field. Two of the most important staff members in Hawaii are the extension agent and the extension club leader. With three collaborators, and in coöperation with the University of Hawaii and the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, they conduct work similar to that of the combined activities of the Bureau of Home Economics and the Extension Service of the Department of Agriculture and the extension work in any state. They organize the boys' and girls' clubs, the school gardens, and the extension centers, and circulate station bulletins, conduct visual instruction at demonstration farms, conduct lecture tours, and administer the work in home economics. The station staff as a unit conducts the laboratory for plant diseases, arranges the coöperative activities

2 The titles borne by the men in charge of the Alaskan and insular experiment stations are those of their respective pay rolls. In reality these men are usually directors of the stations and they simply carry their pay roll title in accordance with the procedure of the Civil Service.

with territorial authorities, with the local representative of the United States Army, and with private individuals.

Porto Rico Experiment Station. A staff of eleven assists the Agronomist in charge of the Porto Rico Station, three of whom are clerks. Besides the horticulturist and his assistant, the chemist and his assistant, the plant breeder, and the plant pathologist, there is an entomologist and a specialist in farm management. The entomologist is indispensable to the special needs of this station, as is indicated by its particular activities in the conduct of the arduous campaign against the various insect pests in the territory, the operation of the cattle dipping tanks, and the coöperative relations with the Bureau of Entomology of the Department.

Although no extension agent is provided, the duties of the specialist in farm management closely resemble those of a formal extension service, and the station enlists the coöperation of special teachers of agriculture for extension activities. Furthermore, the staff is organized for the conduct of extension meetings throughout the territory, the popular circulation of a monthly mimeograph edition of the results of station work, and the publication of many bulletins.

Likewise, the personnel is organized to make extensive studies in pathology, to investigate the transportation of products and the development of other auxiliary agricultural enterprises, to experiment in forestry, and to coöperate with the Bureau of Chemistry of the Department in the utilization of native products.

Guam Station. The Guam Station is in charge of an Animal Husbandman, who is assisted by another animal husbandman, an assistant in horticulture, a clerk, and a collaborator. While the personnel is thus limited, the staff avails itself of many opportunities to coöperate with various national agencies, as do the other stations and of private individuals in the conduct of activities. The Bureau of Plant Industry of the Department is available for the introduction of plants, the insular department of education assists in the distribution of garden seeds and in the provision of school

"In practice it is difficult to determine the relative importance of the members of the insular staffs, because of the individual nature of their work. Likewise it is impracticable to compare the relative importance of the several stations because each must act according to its particular resources and the support given by Congress. All of the stations coöperate with the bureaus of the Department of Agriculture.

gardens, the insular police aid in gathering reports of plantings, and other local authorities render assistance. Thus the staff attempts such experiments as are needed for local developments, and conducts the ordinary extension activities, including boys' and girls' club work.

Virgin Islands Station. The experiment station at St. Croix in the Virgin Islands has the smallest staff of the stations, the Agronomist in charge being assisted only by a horticulturist and a clerk. Since the United States took possession in 1919, however, the activities of the station have developed in such a way as to indicate an ultimate need for other trained workers. The present personnel is specially trained in the breeding and testing of new and improved varieties of sugar cane, cotton breeding, and the adaptation of temperate climate plants to a tropical climate.

Stability of Organization. The elasticity of the internal organization of the Office of Experiment Stations is a peculiar characteristic. Freedom of action in shifting the personnel among the subdivisions with their ready adjustment to transitory problems is a tradition. The explanation of this lies partly in the nature of the work, and partly in the compactness of the organization. In a great measure it lies in the continuous tenure of the personnel, and in the consequent stability of the organization.

APPENDIX I

OUTLINE OF ORGANIZATION

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Outlines of Organization in this series of monographs have for their purpose to make known in detail the organization and personnel the several services of the national government to which they relate. They have been prepared in accordance with the plan followed by the President's Commission on Economy and Efficiency in the preparation of its outlines of the organization of the United States Government.' They differ from those outlines, however, in that whereas the Commission's report showed only organization units, the presentation herein has been carried far enough to show the personnel embraced in each organization unit. These outlines are of value not merely as an effective means of making known the organization of the several services. If kept revised to date by the services, they constitute exceedingly important tools of administration. They permit the directing personnel to see at a glance the organization and personnel at their disposition. They establish definitely the line of administrative authority and enable each employee to know his place in the system. They furnish the essential basis for making plans for determining costs by organization division and sub-division. They afford the data for a consideration of the problem of classifying and standardizing personnel and compensation. Collectively, they make it possible to determine the number and location of organization divisions of any particular kind, as, for example, laboratories, libraries, blue-print rooms, or any other kind of plant possessed by the national government, to what services they are attached and where they are located, or to determine what services are maintaining stations at any city or point in the United States. The Institute hopes that upon the completion of the present series, it will be able to prepare a complete classified statement of the technical and other facilities at the disposal of the government. The present

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1 House Doc. 458, 62d Congress, 2d Session, 1912, 2 vols.

monographs will then furnish the details regarding the organization, equipment, and work of the institutions so listed and classified.

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3. Division of the Experiment Station Record Associate Editor of Experiment Station. Record

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1,800

Scientific Assistants in Library Work

1 The organization of the divisions as shown in the outline are drawn somewhat arbitrarily. The clerks, for instance, may be transferred to the different divisions interchangeably and daily.

2 Net, or without the temporary "bonus" or additional compensation of 60 per cent on classes below $400, or $240 on classes of $400 to $2500, and of an amount necessary to make the total compensation $2740 on classes of $2500 to $2740. This is subject to minor exceptions in special cases.

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