...discrimination," an amorphous concept of injury that may be ageless in its reach into the past. We have never approved a classification that aids persons...eg, Teamsters v. United States, 431 US 324, 367-376 (1977); United Jewish Organizations, 430 US, at 155-156; South Carolina v. Katzenbach, 383 US 301,...

...wrote: We fLt. the Supreme Court] have never approved a classification that aids persons perceived at members of relatively victimized groups at the expense...findings of constitutional or statutory violations [ references omitted]. After such findings have been made, the governmental interest in preferring...

...petitioner is a corporation administering a university, he would not allow it to exercise such power in the absence of "judicial, legislative, or administrative...findings of constitutional or statutory violations." Ante, at 307. While we agree that reversal in this case would follow a fortiori had Davis been guilty...

...petitioner is a corporation administering a university, he would not allow it to exercise such power in the absence of "judicial, legislative, or administrative...findings of constitutional or statutory violations." Ante, at 307. While we agree that reversal in this case would follow a fortiori had Davis been guilty...

...preferential classifications in the absence of proved constitutional or statutory violations."13 Similarly: We have never approved a classification that aids persons...administrative findings of constitutional or statutory violations.13 Although not an employment discrimination case, Bakke was seen by some as an indication...

...possesses this interest only if it has first found that such unlawful discrimination has occurred. Ke have never approved a classification that aids persons...of constitutional or statutory violations. See, eg , Tearsters v. United States, 431 US 324, 367376 (1977); United Jewish Organizations, 430 US at 155-156;...

...racial preference he explicitly considered and rejected. Powell wrote: We [Le.. the Supreme Court] hare never approved a classification that aids persons perceived as members of relatively victimized froups ac the expense of other '"""TTTH individuals, in the absence of judicial, legislative, or administrative...

...discrimination," an amorphous concept of injury that may be ageless in its reach into the past. We have never approved a classification that aids persons...findings of constitutional or statutory violations. . . . After such findings have been made, the governmental interest in preferring members of the injured...

...that the university had discriminated, and "[w]e have never approved a classification," he averred, "that aids persons perceived as members of relatively...findings of constitutional or statutory violations." While conceding that the state had a legitimate interest in eliminating the effect of "identified discrimination,"...

...countering the effects of "societal discrimination," (Bakke [1978], 306), Powell stated that the Court has "never approved a classification that aids persons...legislative, or administrative findings of constitutional . . .violations." (Bakke [1978], 307). 10. See Sullivan (1986); see also, eg, Justice Stewart joined...