Nineteen institutions regard sabbatical leave as related to future service, that is, as a preparation for improved service in the institution, while nine regard it as earned by past service. This is reflected in the conditions under which it is granted. Eleven institutions require that in the event the person on leave does not return, the salary which he received on leave shall be refunded to the institution. The other eight make no such requirement. In nine instances this provision is covered by contract. That sabbatical leave also is regarded in the light of future service by many institutions is evident by the fact that 22 institutions require that plans for leave be submitted for approval before leave is taken. In only one instance is this not required. Teaching elsewhere is regarded as proper use of leave by 5 institutions but is not so regarded by 19 institutions. Other paid work is regarded as proper leave by 6 institutions and is not so regarded by 12. In this connection certain desirable policies are laid down by several institutions. In one a person on leave may enter another paid position if it provides for professional advancement of the individual or gives opportunity for growth through productive research. Similar provisions are found in several others. It would seem, however, that accepting pay in another institution for teaching the subject taught in his own institution or doing work that takes physical and mental energy but which does not contribute to professional improvement are not regarded as proper use of leave. Even those who regard leave of absence as a traditional prerogative of the teaching staffs of higher educational institutions, and there is much in favor of this point of view, perhaps will be the last to look upon such occupations as proper use for sabbatical leave, Faculty Welfare Several land-grant institutions make special efforts to serve the faculty by providing faculty unions (5 institutions), faculty club rooms (14), faculty lunch rooms (9), or faculty reading rooms (7). A few institutions provide separate faculty equipment and facilities for physical exercise. One provides a faculty bowling alley; and 8 report faculty handball courts. Faculty tennis courts and locker rooms are maintained in 14 institutions. Three provide golf courses; 38 institutions allow the faculty access to gymnasium equipment and student facilities during certain hours. Ten land-grant institutions report provision for faculty housing. The record is of interest. Alabama.-Eighty-five per cent of the faculty are housed in homes worth about $5,000 each. The rental charge is approximately $45 per month. Heat, light, and water are not furnished. Connecticut.-About 30 houses provided for faculty members house 80 per cent of the faculty. The value of individual houses is about $12,000 with rentals of from $50 to $60 per month and water furnished free. Delaware.-Thirteen houses house about 16 per cent of the faculty. Houses are valued at $6,000 each. Rental is $35 per month. Tenants pay for light, heat, and water. Iowa.-Six faculty houses are provided, valued at $6,000 each. Rental is included as a part of salary and water is furnished free of charge, but tenants pay for light and heat. Maine.-Six faculty houses accommodate 3 per cent of the faculty. Houses are valued at $6,000 each and rentals amount to $300 per year with water furnished free. Minnesota.-A project is under way whereby a plot of land owned by the university will be leased to faculty members and assistance given in building residences. Mississippi.-Forty-six faculty houses provide for 95 faculty members. These homes are valued at $4,000 each and rent for $8 per month. Light, heat, and water are furnished. New Jersey. One-third of the faculty women are provided for in two houses for unmarried women, and one for married. South Carolina.-Ninety per cent of the faculty are provided with homes, but valuation and rentals are not stated. Texas. Fifty-five houses valued at $2,700 each are provided for 25 per cent of the faculty. Rental is $270 per year. Tenants pay for their own heat, light, and water. Virginia.-Thirty-one per cent of the faculty live in 32 faculty houses and 4 faculty apartments. Individual houses are valued at $8,000 each and rent for $50 per month. Heat and light are furnished by the tenants and water by the institution. No special provisions are reported for faculty health service, medical consultation, or treatment, except in the land-grant institutions located in the following States: California.-Reduced rates in the University Hospital in San Francisco. Connecticut.-Faculty may consult doctor at the college infirmary at the cost of $1 or $2. The doctor makes visits on the days he visits the college. Delaware.-Arrangements are made with a local hospital to care for short illnesses, and special provision is made in cases of epidemics or contagious diseases. Illinois.-University health service station is available for the faculty as well as for the students. The Mutual Benefit Hospital Association permits faculty membership. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.-Faculty has full use of the department of hygiene and of the infirmary. Minnesota.-Beginning in 1929, the same provisions became available to faculty members as are given students through the health service. Mississippi.-Hospital with services of the college physician and surgeon and of a trained nurse, are available. New Jersey.-Resident faculty women cared for by infirmary staff including nurses and physicians. Faculty men are not provided for. Ohio.-Same as for students. Tennessee.-Faculty members may go to the student infirmary. Texas. College physician and his staff are available at reasonable charges. Virginia. Infirmary and college physician with regular office hours are available at all times. Wisconsin.-Faculty members may utilize the student health service, but must pay for it. mitting registration with other faculties only. In nine instances no restriction of this kind is imposed. In 27 institutions professors may enroll for class work, but only 11 report that they may receive advance degrees in the divisional faculties of which they are a part and 12 in faculties in other divisions, 8 of these instances being without restrictions as to faculty. While undoubtedly it is a desirable practice for all institutions to permit informal enrollment on the part of members of all ranks in certain courses in the institution in which they are interested, it would seem to be doubtful practice, at least in those institutions where library facilities are limited and the staffs are small, to permit members of the rank of professor, associate professor, and assistant professor to enroll in courses for credit with a view to securing advanced degrees from the institution in which they serve. Embarrassment may well arise when a man's colleagues are called upon to pass scholastic judgment upon their friend and academic associate. It would be far better, if at all possible, to provide for sabbatical leave to such members so that they may spend time in study. in some other institution where there are better library facilities, larger and more experienced staffs, and where breadth of vision may be gained by new experience. This is recognized more and more by the land-grant institutions, many of which already provide regular sabbatical leave, others of which are working to secure it, while still others are in the hopeful attitude. Local limitations of finance, legislative or executive indifference or opposition, may make it impossible or at least very difficult to secure sabbatical leave for the staffs of some of the State-supported higher educational institutions. Every effort needs to be made by administrative officers to overcome these difficulties. Well-considered plans designed conservatively to build up the character of the teaching body may in many instances provide an economical means of educational development. In this connection it is interesting to note that 19 of the landgrant colleges and universities report that sabbatical leave is provided for in part in their institutions, 24 that it is not provided, while 1 indicates that although there is no regular provision for sabbatical leave, a member of a department may be granted 6 months' or a year's leave of absence with full or partial pay, provided the department is able to carry his load during his absence. In this instance each case is decided upon its merits as it arises. Table 60 shows the practice of the various institutions with reference to sabbatical leave. states frankly that the "library consists mainly of United States Government books. It is deficient in technical and literary books. There are but few books of reference even." 1 The expenditures for reading material for this library could not have exceeded a few hundred dollars a year at the most. 2 The character and use, as well as the size of these small libraries, are reflected, or perhaps in part explained, by the position of the librarian. Usually, the office was intrusted to some professor who gave to the library such attention as he could spare from his regular duties. In 1884, the librarian of the Kansas State Agricultural College stated, "During one hour of the forenoon and a few minutes at the close of the session, I have been in the library myself." In one institution, at least, a clerk was hired to run the library. In 1876, a librarian was employed in Iowa State College at a fixed salary of $200 per year. "The year before the compensations of librarian and assistant librarians were increased from 7 to 9 cents per hour." Many of the early catalogues of land-grant institutions do not indicate that anyone had charge of the library. W. J. Beal's History of Michigan Agricultural College states that "there are no records available, giving the names of persons who had served as librarians previous to 1872." The early catalogues of many institutions do not even mention the library. 4 5 Early, however, the need was felt for greater library development. In 1873 the professor at Kansas State Agricultural College who was acting as librarian reported, "It will be noticed that, under the present arrangement, any time that I spend on library work is just so much added to the full work in the teaching. It seems as though the growth of the library must very soon bring the time when it will be desirable to secure some one whose work it shall be to make the library more useful to the students." In 1894 the librarian at the University of Illinois reported, "* other considerations of importance, in my judgment, make it imperative that a trained librarian should be employed, and that cataloguers should be placed at his direction * The board gave me the librarian's duty to perform, without my knowledge, until I was actually appointed. I have cared for it as faithfully as I could, but I do not feel that I can continue the work for another year, and accordingly ask to be relieved therefrom." * * 1 Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, biennial report, 1892–93, p. 10. "Kansas State Agricultural College, fourth biennial report. Report of the librarian, 1883-84, p. 63. * Quoted in an unpublished thesis by Evangeline Thurber, The library of the land-grant college, 1862-1900, Columbia University, 1928. 4 Beal, W. J., History of Michigan Agricultural College, 1915, p. 472. 5 Kansas State Agricultural College, fourth biennial report, 1883–84, p. 63. • University of Illinois, board of trustees, seventeenth report, 1894, pp. 250-251. |