Review of the Bankhead-Jones and Morrill-Nelson programs involved the following activities: a review of the budget requests and funding history for a mail survey of land-grant institutions; telephone interviews with senior officials at 33 randomly the collection of ancillary information from Federal agencies and nongovernmental sources. To ascertain the original intent of Bankhead-Jones and MorrillNelson funding, a legislative review was conducted. This body of law extends back over a century to the first Morrill Act in 1862 and includes as well the Morrill Act of 1890, the Nelson Amendment of 1907, the Bankhead-Jones Act of 1935 and its 1960 Amendment. Documentation for the Federal perspectives on the Bankhead-Jones and Morrill-Nelson programs has been drawn from budget submissions of the administration, published testimony at congressional budget hearings, House and Senate appropriation committee reports, and House-Senate conference reports. To collect information on the amount of Bankhead-Jones and MorrillNelson funds received by land-grant institutions in 1978-79, how these funds were used, and relevant enrollment information, the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges conducted a mail survey, with the cooperation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Questionnaires were mailed to the chief executive officers of all 71 land-grant institutions on December 5, 1979, with a request for speedy completion. In all, 63 institutions responded, 60 in time for computer processing of the responses. Survey results appearing in this review depict only the situation at responding institutions, not all land-grant institutions, since disproportionate numbers of the nonparticipants are comparatively small and geographically concentrated in the northeast and north central regions. To gather in-depth information regarding administration of BankheadJones funds at the campus level, their uses (past and present), and impact if funds were curtailed, a telephone survey was conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture during December 1979 with senior officials (presidents, deans of agriculture, administrators of resident instruction, and others of similar rank) at 33 land-grant institutions. Institutions were randomly selected within four strata, determined by size and racial composition, using a table of random numbers. Of the 33 institutions initially selected for review, 27 were able to cooperate on short notice. The six replacements were also selected by random numbers. Organization of Report This report is divided into two parts. Chapter I gives an overview of the review, its auspices and conduct, and sketches the report's organization. The second chapter sets forth the findings of this review. The legislative, funding, and administrative histories of Bankhead-Jones and Morrill-Nelson are recounted. Funding policy over the past two decades is examined. Drawing on data supplied by institutions in telephone and mail surveys, Chapter II also describes which activities and fields of study have received Federal support. The distribution of Bankhead-Jones and Morrill-Nelson funds is reported in several ways by State, institution, size of enrollment, region, and land-grant status, as well as in relation to total instructional expenditures at land-grant institutions. The chapter concludes by describing the perspectives of officials at landgrant institutions on Bankhead-Jones and Morrill-Nelson funds. The body of the report highlights the purposes, procedures, and findings of the review, with details being relegated to 19 appendixes. Appendixes A through E present detailed information regarding the Federal legislative and administrative actions reviewed for this report. Communications with nongovernmental representatives took the form of meetings and correspondence. These are summarized in Appendixes F through I. mail survey is depicted in Appendixes J through M, the telephone survey in Appendixes N through Q. The last two appendixes, R and S, present ancillary information on the size of the higher education establishment, where agriculture and engineering are concerned, and the contribution of land-grant institutions thereto. The II. REVIEW A. Federal Legislation, Funding, and Administration Legislative History Introduction. This section highlights the legislative history of the Bankhead-Jones and Morrill-Nelson programs, giving special attention to their original intent. The legislative history is summarized by Chart 1. Appendix C reviews the legislative history in greater detail. Congressional concern over the original intent of this body of legislation is expressed in Appendix A. The principal laws discussed below and in Appendix C are presented in their entirety in Appendix B, along with significant Federal rulings and opinions. Appendix E supplies bibliographical notes. Scope of Intent and Review. The Bankhead-Jones Act of 1935 authorizes Congress to make annual appropriations to all States for their landgrant institutions to use for instruction in agriculture, mechanical arts, and related subjects (which has been defined to me an English, mathematics, the natural, physical, and economic sciences, and special preparation of teachers in agriculture and mechanical arts). The terms of the Act center on funding matters, subsuming intent from previous legislation regarding instruction at land-grant institutions. Accordingly, this report reviews the Morrill Act of 1862 (12 Stat. 503); the Morrill Act of 1890 (25 Stat. 417); and the Nelson Amendment of 1907 (34 Stat. 1281)--all closely linked to the history and intent of Title II, Section 22 of the BankheadJones Act of 1935 (49 Stat. 439) and the 1960 Amendment to Section 22 (Public Law 86-658). More recent legislative action under review includes Title XIV of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (91 Stat. 981), and the Department of Education Organization Act (P.L. 96-459). Morrill Act of 1862. This Act established the land-grant college system by providing that the interest (from monies derived from the sale of practical education of the industrial classes in the Under the Act, funds may not be used to purchase land, nor may they be applied to the purchase, erection, repair, or preservation of buildings. Morrill Act of 1890. "The object of this bill is to place the system of colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts, established under the law of July 2, 1862, upon a basis of assured support for all time." The 1890 Act supplemented that of 1862 in three important respects: (1) (2) In addition to the fixed fund which had been invested, It narrowed slightly the purposes for which the grant could be used; instead of "general support and maintenance" of the colleges, the grants were to be applied only to instruction in agriculture, The term "facilities" refers to instructional equipment. (3) It barred grants to institutions whose admissions were based on racial discrimination, but allowed States to establish separate land-grant institutions for black and white students, provided there was a "just and equitable division of the fund." Authority for determining a "just and equitable division" was vested initially in the Secretary of the Interior, along with other oversight provisions of the act. That authority now resides with the Secretary of Education. 1907 (Nelson) Amendment to the Morrill Act of 1890. The Nelson Amendment of 1907 did essentially two things: (1) (2) It doubled the amount of Federal money authorized for each State (to $50,000 annually); It specified that a portion of the money could also be used for "providing courses for the special preparation of instructors for teaching the elements of agriculture and mechanic arts." |