...nature, and never is such a thing heard of as violence or murder. Johanna Schopenhauer. (Jugendleben and Wanderbilder.) WHAT IS ENLIGHTENMENT?* A MAN is enlightened...very awkward word, which is the exact translation of Avfkliirung. A more significant title would be, "A plea for the liberty of philosophizing." — TRANSLATOR....

...treat to them than a tallow candle ; but even when the intellects of these poor half-human child , en are a little clouded, they retain their good nature,...understanding, but of determination and courage to use it without the guidance of another. Sapere aude ! — have the courage to use your own understanding,...

...nature, and never is such a thing heard of as violence or murder. Johanna Schopetjhaver. (Jugendleben and Wanderbilder.) WHAT IS ENLIGHTENMENT?* A MAN is enlightened...understanding, but of determination and courage to use it without the guidance of another. Sapere aude ! — have the courage to use your own understanding,...

...is Enlightenment?'1 Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one's own understanding without the guidance of another. This immaturity is self-incurred if its cause is not lack of understanding, but lack of resolution and courage...

...Cambridge University Press, 1970), p. 54. Kant explains his statement by arguing that: " 'Immaturity' is the inability to use one's own understanding without the guidance of another. The motto of enlightenment is therefore: Sapere aude! Have the courage to use your own understanding!"...

...authority. As Kant put it, Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one's own understanding without the guidance of another. . . . The motto of enlightenment is therefore: Sapere audel [Dare to be wise!] Have courage to use...

..."Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity." Kant thinks of it as overcoming "the inability to use one's own understanding without the guidance of another." Commentators generally avoid the clumsiness and qualifications ot these constructions by leaping directly...

...between emancipation and enlightenment when he defined enlightenment as the transcendence of immaturity ('the inability to use one's own understanding without the guidance of another'), and argued that 'enlightenment of this kind' presupposes freedom (though he tried to make this claim...

...enlightenment in the form, in Kant's words, of man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one's own understanding without the guidance of another. This immaturity is self-incurred if its cause is not lack of understanding, but lack of resolution and courage...

...of the one he calls the "indeterminate other" in Kant's essay. If, as Kant had written, "immaturity is the inability to use one's own understanding without the guidance of another" this "other" is by definition the guardian, the Vormund who speaks for the immature. Hamann's suspicions...