the opinion that the restriction of immigration of the physically, mentally, and morally unsound should be made more thorough, as has been repeatedly suggested in my annual reports. The physical standard for male aliens who are to do manual labor should be raised to approximate that enforced by the Army and Navy in securing recruits. It should also be possible for the United States authorities to exercise a wide discretion with regard to the admission or rejection of large numbers of aliens who, for reasons existing at the time of application or in the locality where the aliens propose to go, would be an undesirable addition to the population on economic grounds. However, in my opinion, the best suggestion that has yet been made regarding the further restriction of immigration is that recently proposed as a substitute for the illiteracy test, although I can see no reason why the illiteracy test should not be placed in the law simultaneously with it. The suggestion in question is that the number of aliens of any nationality, exclusive of temporary visitors, admitted to the United States in any fiscal year should be required by law not to exceed 10 per cent of the number of persons of such nationality resident in the United States at the time the next preceding census was taken, but the minimum number of any nationality admissible in any fiscal year should be not less than 5,000. It is not contemplated that this provision shall apply to Canada, Newfoundland, Mexico, or Cuba. Nationality under this plan would be determined by country of birth, and colonies and dependencies would be regarded as separate countries. If there had been admitted from any particular country its yearly quota, all aliens of that nationality thereafter applying would be rejected unless it should be shown that they were returning from a temporary visit, or were coming to join near relatives, or were members of clearly defined professional and business classes. Analysis of the statistics of foreign population given in the last census and a comparison of the figures representing 10 per cent, respectively, of the various nationalities concerned with immigration statistics showing average annual immigration for the 10 years 1903 to 1912, inclusive, indicates some very interesting results that would flow from the adoption of this suggestion, and it is apparent that in the main the reduction in immigration that would be accomplished would be constituted of reductions from countries of southern and eastern Europe and western Asia. Thus under this plan 134,312 Italians could come annually, while the average number per year during the past decade has been 207,152; from Austria-Hungary, 167,053 could come, against an annual average for the past decade of 219,782; from Greece, 10,128, against 20,118; from Turkey in Europe, 5,000, against 10,832. On the other hand, 250,133 natives of Germany would be entitled to come annually, while the average annual immigration of such people during the past decade has been only 35, 139; Denmark could send 18,165, compared with 6,971 that have been coming; and the United Kingdom would be allowed a maximum of 257,353, against 95,826. After four and a half years' connection with the Immigration Service, I feel that, while of course somewhat more could be accomplished toward keeping out the undesirable if more money and more inspectors and doctors were available, no very considerable increase in rejections can be expected unless and until the law is materially improved and strengthened. I have been interested and somewhat amused to observe in the public press statements asserting or predicting that since the Immigration Service has been placed under the new Department of Labor the law will be much more rigidly enforced than heretofore suggestions which usually carry an imputation of unfairness. The truth of the matter is that the maximum percentage of rejections possible under existing law is so small that, no matter what the desires of administrative officers might be, it is not possible materially to increase rejections. My term of service has covered three months of the new administration. I feel perfectly sure that the Secretary of Labor will administer the immigration law in a thorough and fair manner, and will wherever proper temper justice with mercy. In this connection it is interesting to note that the figures for the several months last past show that the percentage of rejections is lower than that shown for the same months of the previous year. The Immigration Service is thoroughly and efficiently organized, and its employees quite generally are of a very high grade and will compare favorably with those in any other branch of the Government service, notwithstanding they are charged with the performance of very difficult duties, which involve the handling of human beings and the application to concrete cases, often of a very complicated nature, of the various provisions of the laws on immigration. It has indeed been a great pleasure to me to be associated as commissioner general with an organization of such excellence, the personnel of which I have learned to respect and honor for their sterling qualities. DANL. J. KEEFE. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR STATISTICS. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Washington, November 1, 1913. SIR: I beg to submit herewith a detailed report of the work of this bureau during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913. OPERATIONS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1913. The Bureau of Labor Statistics, beginning with July 1, 1912, discontinued the publication of annual reports and inaugurated a system of publication by bulletins, each bulletin to relate to a single subject. These bulletins are published at irregular intervals and as soon as the subject matter they contain can be prepared for publication. This enables the bureau to get its material before the public much more promptly than under the old annual report system. The bulletins are issued in series, and each number will contain matter devoted to one of a series of general subjects. Bulletins are numbered consecutively in each series and carry also a consecutive whole number, beginning with 101. A list of the series is given below: Wholesale Prices. Retail Prices and Cost of Living. Wages and Hours of Labor. Women in Industry. Workmen's Insurance and Compensation (including laws relating thereto). Conciliation and Arbitration (including strikes and lockouts). Labor Laws of the United States (including decisions of courts relating to labor). Miscellaneous Series. For eight months of the fiscal year 1913 the bureau was under the jurisdiction of the Department of Commerce and Labor, while from March 4 to June 30, 1913, it was in the Department of Labor. During the entire fiscal year, however, it has published (besides 17 bulletins) six volumes of reports-four of the Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States,' and two of the Report on Conditions of Employment in the Iron and Steel Industry in the United States. These six volumes embody portions of the results of two investigations made in compliance with acts of Congress. They complete the bureau's reports on the subjects investigated. 1 S. Doc. No. 645, 61st Cong., 2d sess. 2 S. Doc. No. 110, 62d Cong., 1st sess. The first part of Volume XIII of the Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, entitled "Infant Mortality and Its Relation to the Employment of Mothers," is a statistical study of infant mortality in Massachusetts. It shows the relation between the existing mortality among infants and the industrial employment of mothers. The second part is a study of infant mortality in Fall River during one year, with special reference to the work of the mother before and after childbirth. Volume XIV, entitled "Causes of Death Among Woman and Child Cotton-Mill Operatives," is a study of the causes of death among cotton-mill operatives in three New England cotton-mill cities-Fall River, Manchester, and Pawtucket. This volume, though dealing with all the causes of death, gives particular attention to tuberculosis and its relation to cotton-mill employment. Volume XVIII, entitled "Employment of Women and Children in Selected Industries," is a study of 23 industries largely employing women and children. It relates to the character and regularity of the work done in each industry, to competition between the sexes, to general sanitary conditions, and to the occupations, age, race, conjugal condition, hours of labor, and earnings of employees. Volume XIX, entitled "Labor Laws and Factory Conditions," is a study of legislation relative to the employment of women and children and to the health, safety, and working conditions of workers in factories. It also includes the results of an investigation of 563 establishments, representing 58 industries, on existing conditions with reference to matters commonly regulated by legislative enactment. Volume III of the Report on Conditions of Employment in the Iron and Steel Industry in the United States, entitled “Working Conditions and the Relation of Employers and Employees," is a study of the working conditions in American steel mills with special reference to the health and efficiency of the working force. The physical conditions and requirements of various occupations, the 7-day week, the 12-hour day, the relations of employers and workmen, working conditions and efficiency as affected by heat and by speed and severity of the work, overtime, irregularity of employment, etc., are among the subjects studied in detail. Volume IV, entitled "Accidents and Accident Prevention," is a statistical presentation of accident experience in the iron and steel industry. Causes of accidents, the nature of injuries, and the extent of disabilities are studied. There is also a presentation and an extended discussion of the development and organization of the safety movement and the methods of accident prevention in the industry. Of the 17 bulletins issued during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913, each is devoted to one of a series of general subjects. In the series Wholesale Prices, one bulletin, No. 114, continues the statistics annually published by the bureau on the subject of wholesale prices and covers the years 1890 to 1912, inclusive. In the series Retail Prices and Cost of Living, six bulletins present for each of 39 of the most important industrial cities in the various sections of the United States the retail prices of the principal articles of food, the retail prices of anthracite and bituminous coal for household use, and the net price of gas for household use. The first bulletin of the series Women in Industry, No. 116, is a study of the hours of labor, earnings, and duration of employment of |