at

vary

PROF. BOGART'S ESTIMATES. Attempts have been made by a number of competent statisticians and economists to compute the cost in money of the world war. The the according to results arrived methods used in assembling the figures, the sources of information and the exact period of time covered. One of the most careful studies of the subject was made by Ernest L. Bogart, professor of economics in the University of Illinois, under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He arrived at the conclusion that the direct costs were $186.333.637,097 and the indirect costs $151.612.542.560. making a grand total of $337.946.179.657. His estimate of the net direct cost to each of the active belligerents follows:

Other entente
Total
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Turkey and Bulgaria

Property loss-On land
Shipping and cargo
Loss of production
War relief

Loss to neutrals

Total

Capitalized value.

.$33,551,276,280 33.551,276,280

29.960,000,000

394.658 Russia

7,756,659 | Holland

1,177,001

Country of registry. Argentina

Uruguay

Tons.

182,933

Great Britain

203.190

Norway

Italy

France

83,819 Persia

Denmark

240,860 Japan

120,176

Sweden

200,829 Brazil

25,464 Total

846,333

Spain Portugal

Tons.

4,275

6,027

1.419

3.973

758

.12,743,674

Greece

345,516 ......................

1914.

Aug. 1-Germany declares war on Russia; general mobilization begun.

Aug. 3-Germany declares war on France. Aug. 4-State of war between Great Britain and Germany is declared: Germany declares war on Belgium.

Aug. 8-Germans capture Liege.

Aug. 20-German troops enter Brussels.
Aug. 23-Japan declares war on Germany.
Aug. 26-Large part of Louvain destroyed by
Germans.

Aug. 28-British win naval battle near Helgoland.

Aug. 29-Germans defeat Russians at Allenstein: Germans occupy Amiens.

Sept. 1-Germans win battle of Tannenberg. East Prussia; cross the Marne in France. Sept. 2-Lemberg captured by Russians; seat of French government transferred from Paris to Bordeaux.

Sept. 5-England, France and Russia sign com-
pact not to conclude peace separately.
Sept. 6-Allies win battle of Marne.
Sept. 7-Germans retreat from the Marne; cap-
ture Maubeuge.

Sept. 7-10-Germans retreat to the Aisne.
Sept. 14-Battle of Aisne begins.

Sept. 15-First battle of Soissons fought.
Sept. 18-Germans bombard Reims.

Sept. 20-Russians capture Jaroslau and begin siege of Przemysl.

Sept. 22-British cruisers Cressy. Aboukir and
Hogue torpedoed and sunk in the North sea.
Oct. 9-10-Germans capture Antwerp.
Oct. 29-Turkey begins war on Russia.

March 10-Battle of Neuve Chapelle begins. March 14-German cruiser Dresden sunk. March 18-British battle ships Irresistible and Ocean and French battle ship Bouvet sunk in Dardanelles strait.

March 22-Fortress of Przemysl surrenders to Russians.

May 7-Liner Lusitania torpedoed and sunk by
German submarine.

May 23-Italy declares war on Austria.
June 3-Przemysl recaptured by Germans.
June 22-Germans capture Lemberg.
July 3-Tolmino falls into hands of Italians.
Aug. 2-Germans occupy Mitau.
Aug. 3-9-Battle of Hooge.
Aug. 4-Germans occupy Warsaw.
Aug. 5-Ivangorod taken by Germans.
Aug. 6-British land at Suvla bay. Gallipoli.
Aug. 17-Germans capture Kovno.
Aug. 19-20-Germans take Novogeorgievsk.
Aug. 26-Germans take Brest-Litovsk.
Sept. 2-Germans capture Grodno.
Sept. 5-Grand Duke Nicholas recalled.
Sept. 19-Germans capture Vilna.
Sept. 25-30-Battle of the Champagne.
Oct. 9-10-Austro-Germans capture Belgrade.
Oct. 12-Edith Cavell executed by Germans.

8-German cruisers sunk near Falkland ands by British fleet.

9-French government returns to Paris.

Oct. 22-Bulgarians occupy Uskub.
Nov. 22-British victory near Bagdad.
Nov. 30-Bulgarians take Prizrend.
Dec. 8-9-Allies defeated in Macedonia.
Dec. 15-Sir John Douglas Haig succeeds Sir
John French.

1916.
Jan. 9-British evacuate Gallipoli peninsula.
Jan. 13-Cetinje captured by Austrians.
Jan. 23-Scutari captured by Austrians.
Feb. 15-Erzerum captured by the Russians.
Feb. 21-Germans begin attack on Verdun.
Feb. 26-Germans capture Fort Douaumont.
March 24-Sussex torpedoed and sunk.
April 5-7-Battle of St. Eloi.

April 17-Trebizond captured by Russians.
April 24-Insurrection in Dublin.

April 29-British force at Kut-el-Amara sur renders to the Turks.

April 30-Irish insurrection suppressed.

May 31-Great naval battle off Danish coast. June 5-Lord Kitchener lost with cruiser Hamp. shire.

June 11-Russians capture Dubno.

June 18-Russians capture Czernowitz.
July 1-Battle of Somme begins.
Aug. 3-Sir Roger Casement executed.
Aug. 9-Italians take Goritz by assault.
Aug. 27-Italy declares war against Germany.
Aug. 28-Roumania declares war against Aus-
tria-Hungary.

Sept. 9-French recapture Fort Douaumont.
Sept. 10-German-Bulgar forces take Silistria.
Sept. 28-Venizelos proclaims provisional gov.
ernment in Greece; to aid allies.

Oct. 11-Germans begin invasion of Roumania, Oct. 13-Italians win victory on Carso plateau. Nov. 25-Venizelist government in Greece declares war on Germany.

Nov. 28-Seat of Roumanian government removed from Bukharest to Jassy. Dec. 5-British cabinet resigns. Dec. 6-Bukharest occupied by German forces. Dec. 10-New British cabinet formed with David Lloyd George at its head. Dec. 12-Germany proposes peace negotiations. Dec. 18-President Wilson sends note to belligerent nations asking them to make known their peace terms and to neutral nations suggesting that they support America's ac tion.

Dec. 28-Germany replies to President Wilson saying a direct exchange of views would be best way to bring about peace; gives no terms.

Dec. 30-Allies make joint reply to Germany's proposal, rejecting it

peace maneuver.

1917.

as a war

Jan. 10-Allies make joint reply to President Wilson and give their peace terms. Jan. 22-President Wilson addresses United States senate on subject of world peace and the establishment of a league of nations. Jan. 23-Battle between British and German destroyers in North sea.

Feb. 1-Germany begins unrestricted submarine warfare.

Feb. 3-President Wilson orders that Ambassador Count von Bernstorff be handed his passports, directs the withdrawal of Ambassador James W. Gerard and all American consuls from Germany and announces his action in a speech before congress. Feb. 25-"Hindenburg retreat" from Somme sector in full progress.

Feb. 26-President Wilson appears before congress and asks authority to supply merchant ships with defensive arms.

Feb. 28-The Associated Press reveals German plot to bring Mexico and Japan in alliance against the United States.

March 4-Filibuster prevents passage by senate of bill giving president power to arm ships. March 9-President Wilson calls a special session of congress for April 16: issues orders for the arming of American merchant ships. March 11-Revolution in Russia. March 15-Czar Nicholas II. of Russia abdicates throne for himself and his son.

March 21-President Wilson calls extra session of congress to begin April 2 instead of April 16; "state of war" admitted to exist. March 26-President Wilson calls into federal service 20.000 guardsmen in eighteen central states.

April 2-Special session of American congress opens; president in address asks that existence of a state of war with Germany be declared.

April 4-Senate passes war resolution. April 6-House passes war resolution: president signs resolution and issues war procla mation; all American naval forces mobi lized: German vessels in American seized.

ports

April 8-Austria-Hungary announces break in relations with the United States. April 9-Canadians take Vimy ridge. April 15-Great French offensive between Soissons and Reims begins.

April 21-Turkey breaks off relations with the United States.

April 24-Joffre-Viviani French mission arrives in America.

April 28-Senate and house pass army draft

bill.

May 4-American destroyers arrive in British waters and begin patrol work; Russian council of workmen and soldiers declares for peace without annexations or indemnities. May 18-President Wilson orders the sending of a division of regulars to France under Maj. Gen. John J. Pershing.

June 5-Military registration day under selec-
tive draft law in the United States; ap-
proximately 10.000.000 men register.
June 8-Gen. Pershing with staff and clerical
force reaches London.
June 12-King Constantine of Greece forced
to abdicate his throne.

June 13-Gen. Pershing lands in France.
June 27-American troops arrive in France.
June 29-Greece severs relations with Germany.
July 9-President Wilson proclaims mobiliza.
tion of national guard.
July 20-Draft day in the United States.
Aug. 14-China declares war on Germany and
Austria-Hungary.

Sept. 3-Riga captured by the Germans.
Oct. 24-Austro-German drive against Italian
front begun; part of Bainsizza plateau taken.
Oct. 27-Austrian and German troops advance
through Julian Alps: 2d Italian army de-
feated.

Oct. 29-Whole Italian Isonzo line falls: Italians retreat to the Tagliamento river. Nov. 6-Italians abandon the Tagliamento

line.

Nov. 9-Gen. Armando Diaz made commander in chief of Italian army in place of Gen. Cadorna: Italians make stand on the Piave river: interallied military council formed. Nov. 18-British take Jaffa. Nov. 21-British under Gen. Byng take Ger mans by surprise in Cambrai region, advancing five miles.

Dec. 1-British succeed in regaining nearly a mile of the front lost near Gouzeaucourt. Dec. 3-London announces officially that East Africa has been completely cleared of the enemy; every German colony is now occupied by allied forces: armistice arranged between Russians and Germans.

Dec. 4-President Wilson asks congress to declare war on Austria-Hungary. Dec. 6-Disaster caused at Halifax by explosion of munitions ship.

Dec. 7-Congress passes resolution declaring state of war to exist between the United States and Austria-Hungary.

Dec. 9-Jerusalem captured by Gen. Allenby. Dec. 15-Armistice signed by Russia and cen tral powers at Brest-Litovsk.