FIRST SERIES OF QUESTIONS, 1901-SECOND SECTION PRACTI I. 2. 3. 4. 5. CAL CLASS-AMERICAN GAS LIGHT ASSOCIATION. What tests would you apply to a fire brick to determine its quality? What are the precautions that should be taken in laying fire Describe-with sketches giving a vertical cross section, a Is it possible to have a single automatic overflow to remove 6. Boilers are often rated as being of so many horse-power. What is the meaning of the term "horse-power" when used in this connection? What is the meaning of the same term when applied to steam engines? 7. What horse-power is required for the actual work of pumping the gas by an exhauster handling 25,000 cubic feet of gas per hour with an inlet pressure of" and an outlet pressure of 9'? 8. What is the maximum amount of gas containing 2.5 per cent. of carbonic acid, CO,, that can theoretically be purified by a bushel of unslaked lime containing 85 per cent. of calcic oxide, CaO, assuming that the weight of a bushel is 80 lbs. and that carbonic acid only is to be removed from the gas by the lime? Give all your calculations. 9. How would you calculate the maximum temperature that can be produced by burning any given sample of gas, the oxygen for combustion being derived from the atmosphere? Describe some method of making iron oxide to be used for the removal of sulphuretted hydrogen from gas during its purification. 10. II. What is meant by the statement that a gas is saturated with vapor at a certain temperature and pressure? 12. What is the Principle of the Conservation of Energy? (Answers to these questions are due March 7, 1901.) FIRST SERIES OF QUESTIONS, 1901-THIRD SECTION-PRACTICAL CLASS-AMERICAN GAS LIGHT ASSOCIATION. I. 2. What are the respective advantages and disadvantages of anthracite coal, gas coke, and furnace coke when considered with reference to their use as the fuel in the generator of a carburetted water-gas apparatus ? After having heated up and put into regular operation a bench of retorts, full depth regenerative setting, how would you proceed to adjust the chimney dampers and primary and secondary air slides in order to secure the greatest fuel economy? 3. Describe, with sketches, one or more forms of scrubbers used for removing ammonia from coal gas. If you are not familiar with coal gas apparatus, describe, and sketch, the so-called scrubber used in connection with a carburetted water gas plant. 4. The answer to question No. 4, Fourth Series, 1900, states that the speed of an exhauster in a coal gas plant should be governed in such a way as to be increased when the rate at which gas is made increases, and to be decreased when the rate at which gas is made decreases. Describe, with sketches, a form of governor that will automatically regulate the speed of an exhauster according to these requirements ? 5. Give in British thermal units the heating power of a pound and of a cubic foot of each of the following gases: 6. 7. 8. What is the effect of heat upon the volume of any given How much pure ammonia gas (NH,) is contained in a gallon 9. Flat flame burners are of two kinds, known respectively as fishtail and batswing burners. Give a description of each kind, and state which will give the greatest amount of light from a given illuminating gas, the gas being consumed. under the proper conditions to give the best result in each IO. II. 12. case. Describe some economical form of gas water heater for use in connection with the ordinary kitchen boiler. What is meant by the term "light" used in designating the size of meters? Is its value the same in small meters, such as 3-lights, as in large meters, such as 100-lights? In what part of the masonry or brick-work of a gas works would you use cement mortar instead of lime mortar, and why? (Answers to these questions are due March 1, 1901.) FIRST SERIES OF QUESTIONS, 1901-FOURTH SECTION-PRACTICAL CLASS-AMERICAN GAS LIGHT ASSOCIATION. I. 2. What is coal gas? What is water gas? What is carburetted water gas? What is oil gas? What is the average composition of each kind of gas? What are the properties that must be possessed by a coal to fit it for being used for the manufacture of coal gas? 3. 4. Name the chief impurities in crude coal gas as it leaves the retorts and give the reasons why they should be removed from the gas before it is distributed. Name the useful by-products or residuals produced in addition to the gas in the manufacture of coal gas. In the manufacture of carburetted water gas. 5. Name the principal pieces of apparatus necessary in a carburetted water gas works, and state briefly the function of each. Name the principal pieces of apparatus necessary in a coal gas works, and state briefly the function of each. 6. 7. 8. What does the ordinary U or syphon gauge indicate, and what is the object of its use in gas works? How does a suction pump "draw" water? Why and how does a hot chimney "draw"? 9. Why is it necessary to provide for draining all mains and pipes through which gas travels, and how is this done? What is the commonly accepted theory as to the cause of the luminosity of the flame produced by burning illuminating gas in a luminous burner? IO. II. 12. Why is the flame of a Bunsen or atmospheric burner nonluminous ? What is common lime and what is the raw material used in its manufacture? What is hydraulic lime and what is the raw material used in its manufacture? What is hydraulic cement and what is the raw material used in the manufacture of natural hydraulic cement? (Answers to these questions are due March 1, 1901.) CIRCULAR TO MEMBERS OF THE FOURTH SECTION OF THE PRACTICAL CLASS. You will find enclosed the first series of questions for your section. A similar series will be sent out each three months, but no series will be sent to any member of the class who has not sent in answers to the questions of the preceding series within the time specified for the receipt of such answers, or failing this has secured an extension of time by presenting to the Secretary a good and valid excuse for such failure. All answers will be carefully examined by the Secretary, and each member of the regular class will be sent a criticism of his work on each series of questions based upon such examination. Members of the class should therefore keep copies of their answers in order to fully understand the criticisms. Those members of the class who answer all the questions as sent out will be continued in the class for three years, this period having been fixed upon by the Trustees as the length of time to be given to the course. The work of the members of the Special Section of the class will not receive the criticism of the Secretary, but otherwise, the rules governing the work are the same for both the special and the regular members. Before making up their answers the students are at liberty to use any and all means of securing information at their disposal, with the following exception. Some of the questions having already been used for previous sections the answers to them have been published in the Proceedings of the American Gas Light Association. The answers thus published should not be consulted by the student while preparing his answers. Answers should be written, as far as possible, in the student's own language, based upon the knowledge acquired through his study of the subject covered by the questions, and not copied directly from any text book or source of information, and care should be taken that the desired meaning is clearly and concisely expressed, and that reasons for the statements made are given. It is assumed by the Trustees that admission to the class is sought solely from an earnest desire to derive all the benefit that can be obtained from the work carried on by its members. It is therefore expected that the members of this new section will work faithfully and adhere strictly to the rules governing the time for sending in answers. Answers to this first series must be in the hands of the Secretary not later than March 1st. Please write your name and address at the head of the first page of answers Please write your answers on one side of the paper only. The Secretary will be pleased to hear from any member of the class who does not understand any questions, and will endeavor, to the best of his ability, to help any such inquirer out of his difficulty. |