Alternatives to Methyl Bromide: Sourcebook of Technologies for Protecting the Ozone LayerMethyl bromide, a potent pest control chemical, was identified as an ozone depleting substance (ODS) in 1972. The phase out of this toxic chemical presents a special challenge. To replace methyl bromide, users around the world must have access to reliable and useful technical information. This publication was produced by the United Nations Environment Programme to promote the methyl bromide phase out. It allows the reader to carefully and thoroughly assess many available alternatives and decide on the best option for their situation. The publication also provides addresses of suppliers and specialists in alternatives; references and websites; and contacts for implementing agencies. |
Contents
List of tables boxes and figures | viii |
2 | viii |
Technical description | 7 |
Guidance for selecting nonODS technologies | 9 |
Control of soilborne pests | 15 |
6 | 19 |
3 | 22 |
Alternative techniques for controlling soilborne pests | 29 |
Alternative techniques for controlling pests in commodities and structures | 107 |
2 1 | 112 |
Other factors affecting | 124 |
4 1 | 126 |
for soilborne diseases | 128 |
Pests controlled | 130 |
7 1 | 151 |
Material inputs | 156 |
Water management | 30 |
1 1 | 36 |
Variations under development | 42 |
3 4 | 55 |
versus | 64 |
Material inputs | 65 |
1 4 | 69 |
Factors required for | 75 |
Other factors affecting | 83 |
2 2 | 90 |
Control of pests in commodities and structures | 97 |
7 5 | 101 |
About the UNEP DTIE OzonAction Programme | 163 |
Glossary acronyms and units | 167 |
Chemical safety data sheets | 171 |
Steps for identifying appropriate alternatives | 201 |
Information resources | 207 |
Address list of suppliers and specialists in alternatives | 215 |
101 | 224 |
References websites and further information | 257 |
| 307 | |
Contacts for Implementing Agencies | 316 |
Common terms and phrases
Alternative Techniques Alternatives to Methyl Annex application Australia Available on website beetle biological controls Canada carbon dioxide chemical chloropicrin cold treatments Colombia commercial Commodities and Structures compost Contact Controlling Pests Controlling Soil-borne Pests costs countries crops cut flowers disinfestation effective Email equipment Examples exposure limit fumigants fungi Fusarium Germany greenhouses hazard Heat treatments inhalation insecticides insects Israel Japan materials MB fumigation MBTOC metam sodium Methyl Bromide Methyl Bromide Alternatives Morocco Nematicides nematodes Netherlands nitrogen organisms Ozone Layer pathogens perishable commodities pest control Pest Management pesticides Pests in Commodities Phosphine Plant plastic Protecting the Ozone quarantine treatments rating NFPA safety Section seeds sheets skin Soil amendments solarisation Sourcebook of Technologies Spain specific steam treatments storage stored product substrates Table Techniques for Controlling Technologies for Protecting temperature tion tomatoes toxic Trichoderma University of California USA Dr vegetables weeds Zealand Zimbabwe
Popular passages
Page 314 - Multilateral Fund Secretariat Dr. Omar El Arini, Chief Officer Secretariat of the Multilateral Fund for the Montreal Protocol 27th Floor, Montreal Trust Building 1800 McGill College Avenue Montreal, Quebec H3A 6J6 Canada Tel: (1)514 282 1122 Fax: (1) 514282 0068 Email: secretariat@unmfs.org www.unmfs.org UNEP Ozone Secretariat Mr.