not, the Studentships are in our view absolutely necessary in the interests of research and of the highest intellectual life at the Universities. We accordingly suggest that new funds should now be provided for the purpose. In this matter, however, Science and Literary Studies are in different positions. The establishment during the war of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, with Public Funds at its disposal, already provides the means of giving Research Studentships in many branches of Science to graduates working at the Universities. In addition grants for the encouragement of medical research--though not for medical Studentships are obtainable from the Medical Research Council; for agricultural research from the Development Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture; and for Science in general from the Government grant administered by the Royal Society. It would be necessary in allocating any new grant made hereafter for the purposes which we have in view, to take account of the special provision thus made already for Science. Government funds for the same purpose should not be forthcoming from two sources. If, however, Studentships in Science should cease to be available hereafter to the present extent from existing Government sources, then it will in our opinion become necessary to increase the direct grant which we are recommending for Oxford and Cambridge, so that those Universities may be able to provide for Science Studentships out of the funds allocated to them. In contrast to the provision made from Public Funds for Science, but meagre endowments are available at Oxford and Cambridge for Studentships in the literary and linguistic subjects. In Part A of our report we have shown that opportunities of travel and study abroad are essential to the progress of Classics, Archæology, History, Modern Languages and Architecture. The want of provision for this purpose is one of the serious deficiencies of the two Universities; unless funds are provided, these studies must decline in vigour and in value, and in course of time students of high quality will fail to be forthcoming for higher work and teaching in these branches of thought. We therefore recommend that, unless and until some central State Fund for the non-scientific studies of the country generally be established, of the same kind as the Fund for Scientific and Industrial Research, an annual sum be assigned to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge to enable them to establish Senior University Studentships in subjects not already provided for by the State grants for scientific purposes. The proposed Board of Studies and Research at each University should recommend the allocation to the different Faculties or Sub-Faculties of the total sums available. The amounts allocated should be placed at the disposal of each Faculty or Sub-Faculty for a certain number of years. 111. We recommend that these University Studentships be awarded, not on the results of competitive examination, but by consideration of evidence produced by the candidate's teachers as to his ability to do original work. As a rule, their value should, we think, at present be about £250 a year, plus an allowance for 37458 D 2 foreign travel when necessary; but the Students should be required to pay a reasonable fee to the University for the use of laboratories and other facilities, as recommended in paragraph 143 below. Travel should be encouraged, if not insisted upon, in some subjects. The Studentships should be tenable for two years, to give security for plans formed. They could be renewed for a third year, when advisable, in special cases. It would be necessary for the Board of Studies and Research, or other body distributing the funds between the Faculties, to consider the relative needs of the various Faculties and Sub-Faculties both in the first instance and at each period of re-allocation. It is assumed that the successful candidates would continue to remain attached as Students to the Colleges to which they belonged as undergraduates. (iii) PROVISION FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS FROM OTHER UNIVERSITIES. 112. Graduate students from other Universities in the United Kingdom, and from Universities in all parts of the British Empire and in foreign countries, are now coming up in increasing numbers to Oxford and Cambridge. Both Universities have welcomed this development, and they have shown their appreciation of it by the recent creation of the degree of D.Phil. and Ph. D., respectively. We are confident that the University Authorities will take all possible steps to meet the needs of graduate students and to provide them with the necessary teaching and accommodation. 113. Arrangements for teaching should, we think, be made. mainly by carrying out our suggestions in paragraph 107 above with regard to Professors and Readers. In addition we recommend that, when necessary, exceptional arrangements should be made as is sometimes the case now-for a lecturer or tutor who is not a Professor or Reader to teach or advise a graduate student with whose subject he is specially familiar, and to receive pay for so doing. 114. It is important that adequate accommodation, and to some extent in-College accommodation, should be secured. We have no doubt that all Colleges will be prepared to provide rooms regularly for a certain number of graduate students. Steps on these lines have already been taken by some Colleges, and, at any rate as regards students who are very near the ordinary undergraduates in age, it is clear that the arrangement will be of marked benefit both to the Colleges and to the students so accommodated. The presence in College of graduate students from various parts of the world must add a valuable element to undergraduate life, and at the same time such students, if of suitable age, must themselves derive advantage from sharing in ordinary College life. We should therefore deprecate any proposal to provide for all the graduate students in a separate College confined to such students, and we recommend that graduate students of a suitable age should be attached either to existing Colleges or to the Non-Collegiate body (see paragraph 175 below). 115. It has been suggested that it should be possible for a graduate student to attach himself neither to a College or Hall, nor to the Non-Collegiate body, but to "the University alone," and that he should be accorded a special status: While we agree that it is desirable to confer a special status on such students, so as to mark them off from ordinary undergraduates, we see no reason for exempting them from the normal conditions of attachment. All members of the Non-Collegiate body are now attached to" the University alone," and there appears to be no more reason for creating a special body of graduate students so attached than for founding a separate graduate College. As is pointed out in paragraph 174 below, members of the Non-Collegiate body are simply University students living in their own rooms under conditions similar to those of students in non-residential Universities throughout the world. 116. In certain Arts subjects the provision of Faculty Rooms, on the lines explained in our next paragraph, will be particularly desirable for graduate students from other Universities. (iv) MATERIAL EQUIPMENT. 117. For purposes of research and advanced study it is clear that, in addition to further laboratory accommodation in Science, what may be called Faculty Rooms with Libraries should be provided in some Arts subjects. An example of such provision is to be found in the archæological rooms at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Both graduate and undergraduate work will be greatly facilitated by the provision of a place where the students and teachers in a subject will naturally congregate, and where students can work among books, learned periodicals, maps, photographs and casts, and in congenial surroundings. In the interests of Classical and cognate studies, it is imperative that further support should be given to the existing Archæological and Art Museums at both Universities. The History Schools in both Universities, and the Cambridge School of Modern Languages, are without such a centre. (v) PUBLICATION OF RESULTS OF RESEARCH. 118. We have received an influentially signed memorandum from Oxford asking for help towards the publication of the results of research under the conditions of post-war prices of printing. While we are in full sympathy with this proposal, and while we recognise that the value of research done often depends on its publication, we do not feel able to recommend a grant of public money directly for the purpose, in view of the existence of so many other urgent calls. But we approve what we understand is the practice of the Delegates and Syndics of the two University Presses, under which they provide specially for the publication of a certain number of works by members of the University which are of literary or scientific value. In our opinion, it is legitimate for the Presses to provide for such publication before making any contribution to the general funds of the Universities. 37458 D 3 (3) FELLOWSHIPS AT COLLEGES OTHER THAN ALL SOULS COLLEGE, OXFORD. 119. The conditions attached to College Fellowships not only directly affect the Colleges at Oxford and Cambridge, but also have a very important though indirect bearing upon the Universities as such. It is clear that the Colleges possess a most valuable asset in the Fellowships, even apart from any financial advantage which their tenure may entail, and that any measure which seriously detracted from their prestige or lessened their attractiveness would deal a severe blow to the effectiveness of the Colleges and of the whole University. The recommendations which follow are designed to indicate the lines along which, in our judgment, Colleges might utilise this asset to the full in the interests of learning and education, to the benefit of themselves and the Universities, and ultimately of the community as a whole. They are, however, intended to apply only to future elections, and full provision should be made in any change of Statutes for safeguarding the vested rights and interests of existing Fellows. 120. We do not recommend any change in the appointment to or tenure of Honorary Fellowships. It is clear that Colleges must be left free to select the recipients of so highly valued a distinction, and, as such Fellowships confer no voice in the government of the Colleges and no emoluments, they may fairly be regarded as lying outside the terms of our reference. College Fellowships (other than Honorary Fellowships) should, in our opinion, fall into the following classes, corresponding with the main purposes for which they are designed and the categories of persons who would hold them : I. Fellowships, the tenure of which is restricted to those II. Fellowships, the tenure of which is associated with. III. Fellowships held by those who have retired from active IV. Fellowships, to which young graduates may be elected for a period of years, as provided below, under conditions of research. V. Supernumerary Fellowships, to which any Fellow or ex-Fellow may be eligible who does not fall under class III. 121. Of the classes of Fellowships just enumerated, only the second and fourth should be stipendiary; the others should be non-stipendiary. As regards members of class I-which will inIclude all Professors and any Readers or other persons who hold whole-time University posts-we recommend that their entire stipends should be derived from University sources, and that they should not be entitled to hold stipendiary Fellowships in addition. As regards members of class III, a pension would be substituted for the Fellowship stipend or dividend on retirement at the statutory age (see paragraph 223). The holder of a non-stipendiary Fellowship should generally have the powers and status of a Fellow and, though not entitled to any stipend or dividend, might, at the discretion of the College, receive in respect of his services as Fellow allowances not exceeding in value the sum of £50 a year, inclusive of the value of rooms, if any, assigned to him by the College. These non-stipendiary Fellowships would enable a College, without depleting its resources or reducing the number of its stipendiary Fellows, to attach to itself, or to retain as non-stipendiary Fellows, a larger number of distinguished men within the University. To the question of Fellowship emoluments we return below (paragraph 130). We proceed to discuss the various classes of Fellowships seriatim. 122. Every College should have the right of creating onstipendiary Fellowships into which it should have the power to elect Professors or Readers, or other persons holding a University office recognised by the University from time to time as qualifying the holder for election into such a Fellowship. Of the Fellowships falling within this class a definite number should be reserved for Professors, equal to the number of Professorships existing from time to time in each University. We do not, however, recommend that the system of filling these Professorial Fellowships should be the same at Oxford and at Cambridge. Each University has a principle of its own which enjoys the sanction of tradition, and the support, so far as we can judge, of the great majority of the resident members of the University. At Oxford many Professorships are connected by statute with particular Colleges; other Professors have become, by a personal and temporary arrangement, Fellows of Colleges, but a certain number are not Fellows at all. Having regard to the circumstances and traditions of Oxford, we recommend that in the interests not only of the Professors themselves and of the prestige and attractiveness of the Chairs, but also of the Colleges-and especially of the poorer Colleges-the principle of the allocation of Chairs to Colleges be carried out in respect of all Professorships, so that every Professor upon, and in virtue of, his election may be guaranteed the enjoyment of an academical home and an assured College status. The assignment to the several Colleges of the comparatively few Chairs at present unattached should be carried out in the first instance by the Council, which should also undertake a decennial revision of such allocation in order to make any necessary adjustment and also to provide for newlyestablished Professorships. At Cambridge a different principle is followed. With the exception of the Regius Professorship of Greek and of the Dixie and Downing Professorships, to which Fellowships are under the 37458 D 4 |