the Dominion Authorities in recruiting and selecting such limited numbers of industrial workers as were applied for by the Oversea Governments. In the latter part of the year the assistance of the Exchanges was also sought by the Australian Authorities in obtaining large numbers of ex-service men for employment upon the land in the States of Victoria and Western Australia. Upwards of 2,500 men had been definitely accepted under these arrangements by the end of the year.

The results of the experimental work carried on by the Ministry of Labour appear to indicate that the official machinery in this country may prove of great utility to the Dominion Governments in affording a means of meeting their demands for additional labour from this country. The value of the opportunities which can thus be given through the Employment Exchanges to applicants for employment overseas, needs no emphasis, and by a natural development, the Exchanges may automatically become the authorised channel for securing employment overseas, both upon the land and, so far as openings are available, in industry.

SECTION VIII.

VOLUNTARY SOCIETIES.

It has been explained in previous reports that the Committee endeavour to rely so far as possible upon voluntary effort, and throughout the year under review they have co-operated as closely as possible with the various voluntary societies. Unfortunately, owing largely to lack of funds, these societies are unable to deal with so large a volume of migration as is in present circumstances desirable.

During the year ended 30th June, 1921, the Salvation Army arranged for the migration of over 4,000 souls, including about 1,500 men, 1,650 women and 1,000 children. It also assisted migrants by way of loans and grants amounting to £15,000. It is a satisfactory feature of the work of the Salvation Army that they arrange for the settlement overseas of more women than men. Commissioner Lamb, who continues to direct this side of the Army's work with marked zeal and ability, visited Canada on two occasions during 1921 investigating conditions from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Branches of the Salvation Army exist in all parts of the Empire, thus making it a valuable Imperial asset in dealing with the problem of oversea settlement.

During the year 1921 about 1,000 persons left this country with a view to settlement in other parts of the Empire under the auspices of the Church Army. These include 100 boys from the Church Army Training Farm at Hempstead, Essex, of whom the majority proceeded to Australia. At this farm a three months' farm training is provided for boys and youths who wish to settle upon the land overseas. The Church Army have received a subsidy from the National Relief Fund Grant to assist them in this work.

Canon Pughe, Director of the Emigration Department of the Church Army, left this country in July on an extended tour through Canada and Australia in connection with migration work.

Throughout the year, the Committee have worked in close cooperation with the Migration Department of the Y.M.C.A., formerly known as the Red Triangle Hospitality League. Unlike most other voluntary societies, the Y.M.C.A. does not accept commissions for booking the passages of migrants. The Committee regard the policy of the Association in this respect as well-advised.

The Association does valuable work in advising enquirers regarding migration at its branches throughout the country. About 8,000 enquirers have received special advice of this nature during the year. Port Secretaries have been appointed at Tilbury, Liverpool and Southampton, who give valuable and sympathetic help both to emigrants and immigrants. The new Hostel for migrants recently established by the Association at King's Cross is working successfully.

SECTION IX.

MEDICAL CERTIFICATES.

It is the practice of the Dominion representatives before they approve applicants for free passages under the Government scheme to require them to furnish medical certificates that they are in good health and physically fitted for life overseas.

These certificates are furnished upon printed forms, supplied by the Dominion representatives themselves. They contain exhaustive questionnaires as to health and medical history, and prima facie it would seem reasonable to expect that the system would work satisfactorily. In practice, however, it too often happens that the certificates prove unreliable. The local practitioner, by whom they are usually signed, is naturally anxious to facilitate matters for those who consult him. He charges a minimum fee-in some cases no fee at all. In these circumstances, the medical examination of those who wish to proceed overseas is often of a perfunctory character, because insufficient importance has been attached to the signing of a certificate which is in reality one of exceptional importance. Great hardship is not infrequently caused, when those who have sold up their homes and gone overseas relying upon such certificates are afterwards rejected at the port of arrival and sent back to this country.

In view of these difficulties, the Commonwealth Government have during the course of the year made arrangements for the appointment of medical referees (some 1,500 in number) throughout the Kingdom. These referees will receive full instructions as to the. nature of the information which they are required to furnish, and will be authorised to charge special fees varying from 10s. a head to £1 1s. Od. for a family. It is understood that similar arrangements will be adopted by all the Dominions at an early date.

SECTION X.

SETTLEMENT SCHEMES IN THE DOMINIONS.

Canada. Various schemes for settlement and development in Canada have been brought to the notice of the Committee during the year. None of these have, however, up to the present date reached a very definite shape.

At the close of the year Colonel Dennis, the Chief Commissioner of Colonisation and Development of the Canadian Pacific Railway, arrived in this country, for the purpose of discussing the possibility of co-operation between his Company and His Majesty's Government in some scheme of development of the kind contemplated by the Prime Ministers' Conference. The Committee await the proposals of the Company with interest.

Australia. As the result of the Conference of Prime Ministers, proposals for co-operation between the Australian Authorities and His Majesty's Government in schemes for development and settlement have been officially submitted to His Majesty's Government, and are receiving careful consideration.

An important development in the Commonwealth has been the formation of a new voluntary organisation known as the New Settlers League. Its objects are to co-operate with the local Governments in the introduction of settlers, to welcome and advise all new settlers and assist them in securing employment.

Particulars of the assistance which has been given from the National Relief Fund Grant during the year to approved settlers under Australian Farms, Ltd., are furnished in Part II. The Company has made satisfactory progress in its settlement schemes, which are of two kinds :

(1) For fruit-growing, requiring a minimum capital of £500 for a single man and £750 for a married man; and

(2) For grazing, requiring a minimum capital of about £1,500.

Approved settlers under this Company receive assistance from the Officers' Association as well as from the National Relief Fund Grant.

Thirty-five ex-officers and men from the United Kingdom have already been settled upon the Company's property. The Manager, Mr. Billis, who has recently been in London, has selected further candidates, and it is expected that between forty and fifty additional settlers will proceed to Australia to take up land during the first three months of 1922.

Judging from the reports of the Directors and the testimony of the settlers themselves, the Committee have every reason to believe that their confidence in Australian Farms, Ltd., will prove to have been justified.

The Union of South Africa.-The 1820 Memorial Settlers' Association, which was formed during 1920, started work in January, 1921. Its principal object is to repeat the events of the year 1820 by encourag

ing and training a fresh influx of approved agricultural settlers to take the place of those who fell in the war. In South Africa, a Central Committee has been formed under the Chairmanship of Sir Charles Crewe, and a network of Branch Committees has been established throughout the Union. Upwards of 350 selected farmers have expressed their willingness to take pupils overseas, who are thus provided with free board, lodging and practical education up to a maximum period of two years. Since January, 1921, 150 settlers with 113 dependants have proceeded to the Union under this scheme, bringing with them acapital of £400,000. Each settler requires not less than £1,500 capital for investment in land settlement after his period of training.

SECTION XI.

FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

A.-UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

During the year the United States Congress passed an Act to limit the immigration of aliens. Under the provisions of this Act, the yearly entry of aliens is restricted to 3 per cent. of the present population of each nationality in the United States. The Act is to remain in force until the 30th June, 1922, and is presumably intended to prevent any such abnormal flow of immigrants as might otherwise have been expected on the resumption of immigration after the war period. It appears that the effect of the Act, so far as the United Kingdom is concerned, will be to keep the emigration from this country to the United States at about the normal pre-war standard.

B. PERU AND THE OTHER LATIN REPUBLICS OF SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA, INCLUDING MEXICO.

Attention was called in the Report for 1920 to the unfortunate results of the propaganda carried on in this country during that year by which free passages and other advantages were offered to British subjects willing to proceed to Peru. It was explained that despite official warnings some 300 British subjects had been induced to proceed to that country, that, by the time these immigrants arrived at their destination, there appeared to be no chance of finding employment for the majority of them and that official sanction had been given at the close of the year for the repatriation of those who could not find work, on the understanding that His Majesty's Government could not accept responsibility for the expense involved.

An Anglo-Peruvian Committee was set up in Lima at the end of 1920 to look after the interests of the emigrants, but despite all the efforts of this Committee, it was found necessary in the month of March, 1921, to repatriate some sixty-four persons. These arrived at Liverpool in a state of complete destitution, their fares to London and some temporary relief being provided by the Peruvian ConsulGeneral.

Shortly after this the Peruvian Government admitted in principle their liability to grant just and reasonable compensation to the returned emigrants, and in July the President of the Republic, who has shown every desire to deal sympathetically with a most unfortunate situation, forwarded an advance payment of £2,000.

By this time more of the emigrants had fallen into distress in Lima, and a further party of thirty were repatriated and reached Liverpool on the 30th July.

Meanwhile further efforts had been made in Peru to find employment for as many of the emigrants as possible. With this object in view power was taken to found a Colony for the cultivation of tobacco on the Rivers Entaz and Anetzu, and to settle forty families of natives and foreigners (comprising some Germans and Hungarians) upon it.

Apparently some thirty or forty British emigrants decided to avail themselves of the offer of employment on this Colony as an alternative to repatriation. The experiment turned out unfortunately. The employment offered was on the basis of the discredited "truck system and so far as the Oversea Settlement Committee can judge the scheme was not one which offered reasonable prospect of success. In practice the conditions in the Colony appear to have been thoroughly unsatisfactory and to have resulted in considerable hardship. Finally, the Peruvian manager was murdered by an Indian.

A further party of thirty destitute emigrants, of whom about ten had worked for some time at the Entaz-Anetzu Colony, were recently repatriated, arriving at Liverpool on the 8th of December. It is probable that others will be repatriated shortly.

A claim for further compensation of £1,614 has been forwarded to Peru, and it may be necessary to make further claims.

The Committee have felt it their duty to deal with this subject at considerable length. They recognise that the number of British subjects affected by the propaganda specially referred to is smallthough it should not be lost sight of that but for the efforts of various departments concerned, the numbers who would have been induced. to proceed to Peru might have been greater than they in fact were, and the scandal and suffering proportionately more serious. But the present episode does not stand alone. The Committee have ample evidence that during the last thirty years much harm has been done by similar propaganda intended to encourage emigration from this country to one or other of the Latin Republics of America.

At the time of drafting this Report information has reached the Committee to the effect that misleading statements are at present being made as to the chances of suitable employment for British emigrants to Bolivia. The Committee are satisfied that the ordinary British emigrant without capital has little prospect of finding employment in that Republic.

At the suggestion of the Committee, the Foreign Office are instructing His Majesty's representatives in all the Republics in question to furnish immediate information of any schemes for encouraging British emigration to those countries. The Committee, however, feel that such instructions, however useful temporarily, are not likely to