Age limit.

Penalty.

Enforcement.

Water-closets.

Males excluded.

Penalty.

Seats to be provided.

Preventing use.

Penalty.

TENNESSEE.

ACTS OF 1893.

CHAPTER 159 (as amended by chapter 34, Acts of 1901).—Employment of children Age limit.

SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for a proprietor, foreman, owner or other person to employ any child less than 14 years of age in any workshop, factory or mine in this State; unless said proprietor, foreman or owner shall know the age of the child, it shall be his or their duty to require the parent or guardian to furnish a sworn statement of its age, and any swearing falsely to such by the parent or guardian shall be perjury and punishable as such.

SEC. 2. Any proprietor, foreman or owner employing a child less than 14 years of age in conflict with the provisions of this act, except where such proprietor, foreman or owner has been furnished with a sworn statement of guardian or parent, that the child is more than 14 years of age, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, shall be fined not less than $25 and not more than $250.

SEC. 3. The grand jury shall have inquisitorial powers to investigate violations of this act, and judges of the circuit and criminal courts of the State shall specially charge the grand jury at the beginning of each term of the court to investigate violations of this act.

The employment of a child in violation of this law constitutes such negligence as makes the employer liable for all injuries sustained by the infant in the course of his employment. 65 S. W. Rep. 399.

[The following annotation is based on an act of 1881, relating to employment in mines only:]

The employment of a boy under twelve years of age in violation of this statute is negligence, but the defense of contributory negligence may be set up in an action by such boy for injuries sustained by reason of his employment. 32 S. W. Rep. 460.

ACTS OF 1897.

CHAPTER 98.-Factories and workshops-Provisions for female employees.

SECTION 1. All persons hiring or employing female help in any manufacturing or mercantile business or establishment, shall provide separate privies or water-closets for such female help.

SEC. 2. No male person shall enter such separate privies or waterclosets except for the purpose of repairing or cleaning the same.

SEC. 3. A violation of the foregoing sections shall be a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than two or more than ten dollars.

ACTS OF 1905.

CHAPTER 171.-Seats for female employees.

SECTION 1. All proprietors or owners of any retail, jobbing, or wholesale dry-goods store, or dealers in notions, millinery, or any other business where any female help are employed for the purpose of serving the public in the capacity of clerks or sales ladies, shall provide a chair or stool for each one of such female help or clerks, in order that during such period as they are not actively engaged in making sales or taking stock or performing other duties of their employment, they may have an opportuntity to be seated and to rest.

SEC. 2. Any proprietor, owner, or dealer, mentioned in section 1 of this act, who shall undertake by any direction or order to prohibit or prevent any one of such female help or clerks to use the seats provided for in the foregoing section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be fined as provided in the next section of this act.

SEC. 3. Any owner, proprietor, or dealer, mentioned in the foregoing sections, who shall neglect or refuse to obey and observe the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined in an amount not less than ten dollars and not exceeding one hundred dollars for the first offense, and in the event said owner or proprietor shall continue to disobey said act he shall be subjected to a fine at the rate of one dollar daily for every chair he fails to furnish his said employees, and for every violation of section 2 of this

act such owner, proprietor, or dealer shall, upon conviction, be fined not less than ten dollars and not exceeding one hundred dollars for each and every violation.

ACTS OF 1907.

CHAPTER 256.-Hiring out children to support parents in idleness.

SECTION 1. The following persons are and shall be defined and punished as vagrants-viz:

*

*

*

*

*

(n) All persons who, though able to work, fail to do so, but hire out their minor children, or allow them to be hired out, and subsist upon their wages.

CHAPTER 308.-Employment of women and children-Hours of labor. SECTION 1. Commencing January 1, 1908, it shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to employ in any manufacturing establishment in this State any female, or any child under the age of sixteen years, more than sixty-two (62) hours in any one week.

SEC. 2. Commencing January 1, 1909, it shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to employ in any manufacturing establishment in this State any female, or any child under the age of sixteen years, more than sixty-one (61) hours in any one week.

SEC. 3. Commencing January 1, 1910, it shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to employ in any manufacturing establishment in this State any female, or any child under the age of sixteen years, more than (60) hours in any one week.

SEC. 4. Every violation of this act is hereby declared to be a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than twenty-five ($25) dollars and not more than one hundred ($100) dollars for each offense.

TEXAS.

ACTS OF 1903.

CHAPTER 28.-Employment of children.

Sixty-two hours per week in 1908.

Limit in 1909.

Limit in 1910.

Violations.

SECTION 1. Any person or any agent or employee of any person, firm Age limit. or corporation, who shall hereafter employ any child under the age of twelve years to labor in or about any mill, factory, manufacturing establishment, or other establishment using machinery, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than fifty dollars, and not more than two hundred dollars, and each day the provisions of this act are violated shall constitute a separate offense.

Illiterates.

SEC. 2. Any person, or any agent or employee of any person, firm or corporation, who shall hereafter employ any child between the ages of twelve and fourteen years (who can not read and write simple sentences in the English language) to labor in or about any mill, factory, manufacturing establishment, or other establishment using machinery, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than fifty dollars, nor more than two hundred dollars; and each day the provisions of this act are violated shall constitute a separate offense: Provided, That such child who has a widowed mother, or parent incapacitated to support it, may be employed between the hours of 6 a. m. and 6 p. m.: Provided, further, That such parent is incapacitated from earning a living, and has no means of support other than the labor of such child; and in no event shall any child between Night work. the ages of twelve and fourteen years be permitted to work outside the hours between 6 a. m. and 6 p. m.

Mines, distill

SEC. 3. Any person, or agent or employee of any person, firm or corporation, owning, operating or assisting in operating, any mine, distil-eries, etc. fery or brewery, who shall employ any child under the age of sixteen years to labor in or about any mine, distillery or brewery, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than fifty, not more than two hundred dollars.

UTAH.

Earnings sep

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE 16.-Employment of women and children in mines.

SECTION 3. The legislature shall prohibit:

(1) The employment of women, or of children under the age of fourteen years, in underground mines.

**

REVISED STATUTES-1898.

Earnings of married women.

SECTION 1201. A wife may receive the wages for her personal arate property. labor, and maintain an action therefor in her own name, and hold the same in her own right, as if unmarried.

Employment

in mines, etc.

Seats for females.

Payments to minors valid, when.

Minors' earnings exempt.

School tendance

quired.

at

* * *

Employment of women and children.

SECTION 1338. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to employ any child under fourteen years of age, or any female, to work in any mine or smelter in the State of Utah. Any person, firm, or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 1339. The proprietor, manager, or person having charge of any store, shop, hotel, restaurant, or other place where women or girls are employed as clerks or help therein, shall provide chairs, stools, or other contrivances where such clerks or help may rest when not employed in the discharge of their respective duties. Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

Earnings of minors.

SECTION 1544. When a contract for the personal services of a minor has been made with him alone, and those services are afterward performed, payment made therefor to such minor in accordance with the terms of the contract, is a full satisfaction for those services, and the parent or guardian can not recover therefor a second time.

Exemption of wages of minors from execution, etc.

SECTION 3243. The earnings of any minor child of any debtor within this State and the proceeds thereof are exempt from execution against such debtor by reason of any debts or liability of such debtor, not contracted for the special benefit of such minor child.

VERMONT.

STATUTES OF 1894.

Employment of children.

SECTION 711 (as amended by act No. 19. Acts of 1896, and act re- No. 39, Acts of 1904). A person having the control of a child between the ages of eight and fifteen years, shall cause such child to attend a public school at least twenty-eight weeks in a year, and such attendance shall be continuous, beginning with the school year, unless the child is mentally or physically unable to attend, has already acquired the branches required by law to be taught in the public school, or is otherwise being furnished with the same education. If a child is a pupil of a school held for more than twenty-eight weeks in a year, he shall attend such school during the time it is to be held in excess of twenty-eight

weeks unless he is mentally or physically unable to attend or is excused in writing by the school directors from attendance during the whole or a part of such time. A child under eight years, or a youth of over fifteen years of age, who shall begin attendance and be enrolled as a pupil in a public, elementary or high school, or a school in which his tuition is paid at public expense, shall attend such school during the term for which he is enrolled unless he is mentally or physically unable to attend or is excused in writing by the school directors from attendance during the whole or part of said term.

or

SEC. 712 (as amended by act No. 52, Acts of 1906). A child under sixteen years of age, who has not completed the elementary course of study of nine years prepared for the public schools by the superintendent of education, shall not unless excused in writing by the town superintendent of schools be employed in work connected with railroading, mining, manufacturing, quarrying, or be employed in delivering messages by any corporation or company, except during vacation and before and after school, unless said child deposits with his employer in work herein specified a certificate from the town superintendent of schools to the effect that he is eligible to employment in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, and no child under sixteen years of age shall be employed after eight o'clock at night in any of the occupations or industries herein enumerated. In case said child has been in attendance upon a private or parochial school, the superintendent of schools is hereby empowered to examine said child for the purpose of determining his eligibility to employment in accordance with this section.

SEC. 715 (as amended by act No. 52, Acts of 1906). A town superintendent may inquire of the owner or superintendent of a mill, factory, quarry, workshop, or railroad office, shop, or yards, as to the employment of children therein, may call for the production of the certificates deposited with such owner or superintendent, and satisfy himself that the requirements of law have been complied with.

Earnings of married women.

Children under 16.

Certificates.

Night work.

Enforcement.

SECTION 2647. All personal property and rights of action ac- Earnings sepquired by a woman before coverture, or during coverture, except arate property. by gift from her husband, shall be held to her sole and separate use,

**

ACTS OF 1904.

ACT No. 115.-Employment of women and children in barrooms.

SECTION 23. Licenses shall be subject to the following conditions and prohibitions.

That no female person nor any person under the age of twentyone years, shall be employed in the barroom in which a license is operated.

ACT No. 155.-Employment of children.

SECTION 1 (as amended by act No. 52, Acts of 1906). No child under the age of twelve years shall be employed by or permitted to work for any railroad company, or in any mill, factory, quarry, or workshop, or in delivering messages for a corporation or company.

SEC. 3. Any person who shall employ or suffer to be employed in any mill, factory or workshop of which he is the owner, or owner in part, or of which he is the superintendent or manager, any child in violation of the provisions of this act [includes section 712, Statutes of 1894, as amended], and a parent or guardian who allows or consents to such employment, shall be fined fifty dollars.

Employment prohibited.

Age limit.

Penalty.

SEC. 4. County courts, municipal courts and justices of the Enforcement. peace shall have concurrent jurisdiction of offenses under this act and truant officers and all informing officers are authorized to make complaint for violation of this act.

VIRGINIA.

Who are vagrants.

Earnings sep

CODE-1904.

Employment of children while parents live in idleness,

SECTION 884. The following persons shall be deemed vagrants:

All persons who are able to work and who do not work, but hire out their minor children and live upon their wages.

Earnings of married women.

SECTION 2286a. A married woman shall have the right to acarate property. quire, hold, use, control, and dispose of property, as if she were unmarried, and such power of use, control, and disposition shall apply to all property of a married woman heretofore or hereafter acquired: Provided, however, That her husband shall be entitled to curtesy in her real estate when the common law requisites therefor exist, and he shall not be deprived thereof by her sole act;

Minors' earnings exempt.

Seats to be

provided.

Hours of labor.

Night work.

*

Earnings of minors.

SECTION 3652c. The wages of a minor shall not be liable to garnishment or otherwise liable to the payment of the debts of parents.

Seats for female employees.

SECTION 3657a. All persons who employ females in shops, stores, offices, or manufactories as clerks, operatives, or helpers in any business, trade, or occupation carried on or operated by them in the State of Virginia shall be required to procure and provide proper and suitable seats for all such females, and shall permit the use of such seats, rests, or stools as may be necessary, and shall not make any rules, regulations, or orders preventing the use of such stools or seats when any such female employees are not actively employed in their work in such business or employment. If any employer of female help in the State of Virginia shall neglect or refuse to provide seats as provided in this act or shall make any rules, orders, or regulations in his shop, store, or other place of business requiring females to remain standing when not necessarily employed in service or labor therein he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof in any court of competent jurisdiction shall be liable to a fine therefor in a sum not to exceed twenty-five dollars with costs in the discretion of the court.

Employment of women and children.

SECTION 3657b. No female and no child under fourteen years of age shall work as an operative in any factory or in any factory or manufacturing establishment in this State more than ten hours in any one day of twenty-four hours. All contracts made or to be made for the employment of any female or of any child under fourteen years of age as an operative in any factory or manufacturing establishment to work more than ten hours in any one day of twenty-four hours, are and shall be void. Any person having the authority to contract for the employment of persons as operatives in any factory or manufacturing establishment who shall engage or contract with any female or any child under fourteen years of age to work as an operative in such factory or manufacturing establishment during more than ten hours in any one day of twenty-four hours shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and be fined not less than five nor more than twenty dollars.

SEC. 3657bb. No child under the age of fourteen years and over twelve years of age shall be employed in any manufacturing, mechanical, or mining operations in this Commonwealth to work between the hours of six o'clock postmeridian and seven o'clock