tories, workshops, mines and quarries, or either of his assistants, may demand the names of the children under sixteen years of age employed in such establishment, in the several cities and towns of the State, and may require that the certificates of age prescribed in this section, shall be produced for his inspection, and a failure to produce the same,, shall be prima facie evidence that the employment of such child is illegal.

SEC. 54 (as amended by chapter 46, Acts of 1907). The penalties provided by section fifty-two of this chapter shall apply to all provisions of section fifty-three. It shall be the duty of the inspector of factories, workshops, mines and quarries, and of his assistants to investigate and prosecute all violations of the provisions of the two preceding sections.

Penalties.

Application

SEC. 55 (as amended by chapter 46, Acts of 1907). Nothing in the seven preceding sections shall apply to any manufacturing of law. establishment or business, the materials and products of which are perishable and require immediate labor thereon, to prevent decay thereof or damage thereto : Provided, however, The employment of children therein shall be under the supervision of said inspector who shall on complaint investigate the sanitary conditions, hours of labor and other conditions detrimental to children and if in his judgment he finds detrimental conditions to exist, he may, in conjunction with the municipal officers of the town or city of which the complaint is made, prohibit the employment of children therein until such conditions are removed.

CHAPTER 63.-Earnings of married women.

SECTION 3. She [a married woman] may receive the wages of her personal labor, not performed for her own family, maintain an action therefor in her own name, and hold them in her own right against her husband or any other person.

ACTS OF 1905.

CHAPTER 123.-Certain employments of children forbidden. SECTION 9. No person shall employ or cause to be employed, exhibit, use or have in custody, or train for use, employment or exhibition, any child under sixteen years of age, and no parent, guardian or other person, having care, custody and control of such child, shall procure or permit the training, use, employment o exhibition of any such child, in begging or soliciting or receiving alms in any manner or under any pretense, or in any illegal, indecent or immoral exhibition or practice, or in any exhibition of any such child when insane or idiotic, or when possessing any deformity and unnatural physical formation, or in any practice, exhibition or place dangerous or injurious to the life, limb, health or morals of such child. Whoever offends against the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding sixty days.

MARYLAND.

CODE OF PUBLIC GENERAL LAWS, 1903.

ARTICLE 27.-Seats for female employees.

SECTION 147A (as amended by chapter 287, Acts of 1904). All Seats to be proprietors or owners of any retail, jobbing or wholesale dry goods provided. store, notion, millinery or any other business where any female salespeople or other female help are employed for the purpose of serving the public, shall provide a chair or stool for each one of such female help, in order that when they are not actively engaged in making sales or taking stock or in performing such other duties as they may have been engaged to perform, they shall have

Hours of labor.

Misdemeanor.

Definition.

Acrobatic,

etc., occupations.

an opportunity to rest, and they shall not be forbidden to avail themselves of such opportunity. Any such owner or proprietor who shall neglect or refuse to obey the provisions of this section shall be considered to have committed a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined in an amount not less than ten dollars nor more than one hundred dollars for the first offense; and in the event that such proprietor or owner shall continue to disobey the provisions of this section, he shall be subject to a fine at the rate of one dollar a day, daily, for every chair or stool he fails to so furnish his said employees. It shall be the duty of the board or department of health or health commissioner or commissioners of the cities and towns in the State to cause this section to be enforced, and whenever any of its provisions are violated, to cause all violators thereof to be prosecuted, and for that purpose the health commissioner or commissioners and the officer or officers of the board of health of every city and town in the State, or the inspectors thereof, or any other persons designated by such board of health or health commissioner or commissioners are authorized and empowered to visit and inspect at all reasonable hours and as often as shall be practicable and necessary all mercantile establishments in the city or town in which the office of the said board or department of health or health commissioner or commissioners is situated, and it shall be unlawful for any person to interfere with or obstruct any such inspecting official while in performance of his or her duties or to refuse to properly and truthfully answer questions made pertinent by this section when asked by such inspecting official.

ARTICLE 27.—Hours of labor of children-Certain employments forbidden-Employment of women as waiters.

SECTION 217. No child under sixteen years of age shall be employed in laboring more than ten hours a day in any manufacturing business or factory established in any part of the State, or in any mercantile business in the city of Baltimore.

SEC. 218. Any person who shall so employ a child or suffer or permit such employment shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 219. The word "suffer or permit," includes every act or omission whereby it becomes possible for the child to engage in such labor.

SEC. 309. Any person having in his custody or control a child mendicant, under the age of fourteen years who shall in any way dispose of it with a view to its being employed as an acrobat, or a gymnast, or a contortionist, or a circus rider, or a ropewalker, or in any exhibition of like dangerous character, or as a beggar or mendicant, or street singer, or street musician, and any person who shall take, receive, hire, employ, use, exhibit or have in custody any child under the age last named for any of the purposes herein enumerated shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and when convicted thereof shall be subject to punishment by fine of not more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for a term not exceeding ninety days in jail, or both.

Employment

[See section 398, below.]

SEC. 311. No person shall employ a minor under sixteen years In saloons, etc. of age in handling intoxicating liquors, or in handling packages containing intoxicating liquors, in any brewery or bottling establishment where intoxicating liquors are prepared for sale or offered for sale.

SEC. 312. Whoever violates the provisions of section 311, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall in the discretion of the court be fined a sum not less than ten dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in jail for not less than five nor more than thirty days, in default of payment of said fine.

SEC. 313. No person engaged in performing upon any musical instrument in, upon or near to any street, lane, alley or highway, or engaged in selling, vending or disposing of any goods, wares or

merchandise in, upon or near to any street, lane, alley or highway, or engaged in any business, occupation or calling in, upon or near to any street, lane, alley or highway, and not having a fixed store, shop or place of business at which so engaged, shall have in his possession or company while so engaged, any boy or girl under the age of eight years; and any person violating the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten dollars for each and every such offense.

SEC. 371. It shall not be lawful for any proprietor, lessee or Employment manager of any theater, museum or other place of amusement to of women in employ women or girls as waiters, or to permit them to act in theaters, etc. such theater or place of amusement, or among the audience or frequenters of such theater or place of amusement as waiters, or for the purpose or under the pretense of selling, serving, receiving orders or pay for spirituous or malt liquors, wines, lager beer or any other refreshments or merchandise.

tions.

SEC. 398. Any person having in his care, custody or control Mendicant, any child under the age of sixteen years, whether as parent, guar- etc., occupadian, relative, employer or otherwise, who shall sell, apprentice or give away, let out or otherwise dispose of any such child to any person under any name, title or pretense whatever, and any person, whether as parent, guardian, relative, employer or otherwise, who shall take, receive, hire, employ, use or have in custody any such child for the vocation, use, occupation, calling, service or purpose of singing, playing on musical instruments, rope walking, dancing, peddling, begging or any mendicant or wandering business whatsoever shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof before any competent tribunal to which such person may be committed for trial, shall be fined not less than fifty nor more than two hundred and fifty dollars, or be imprisoned in a county jail for not less than thirty days nor more than a year, or suffer both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the said tribunal; one-half of all fines so imposed to be paid to the informer.

[See section 309, above.]

SECTION 1.

ARTICLE 45.-Earnings of married women.

*

* * *

All the property which she [a married Earnings sepwoman] may acquire or receive after her marriage, by arate property. her own skill, labor or personal exertions, shall be protected from the debts of the husband, and not in any way be liable for the payment thereof;

ARTICLE 56.-Employment of minors in barrooms.

SECTION 97. It shall not be lawful for any person, or for any Employment club or association, or for any corporation now formed or here- prohibited. after to be formed, or for any officer, agent or employee of any such club, association or corporation, to hire or employ any minor to sell or dispense anywhere in the State any beer or spirituous or fermented liquors of any kind at retail, where such beer or liquors are to be drunk upon the premises. Any person violating any provision of this section shall upon conviction be fined a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars.

ARTICLE 77.-Employment of children-Allegany County and
Baltimore City.

Certificates

SECTION 160. No proprietor or owner of any mill or factory in Allegany County or the city of Baltimore, other than establish- of age. ments for manufacturing canned goods, or manager, agent, foreman or other person in charge thereof, shall employ or retain in employment in any such mill or factory any person or persons under sixteen years of age, unless he procures at the time of such

Age limit.

Duty of parents, etc.

False statements.

Illiterates.

employment or retention in employment, and keeps on file and accessible to the attendance officers of said city or county where such minor is employed, a certificate of the principal or head teacher of the school which such child last attended, stating that such child is more than twelve years of age, and a like certificate of the parent or guardian, or other person having control of such child; but the first named certificate need not be procured if such child has not attended school in this State. He shall require such certificates, shall keep them in his place of business during the time the child is in his employment, and shall show the same during his business hours to any attendance officer who may demand to see them, or either of them; and for each failure to comply with any of the provisions of this section he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars. Whoever continues to employ any such child under sixteen years of age, in violation of this section, after being notified of such violation by an attendance officer, shall for every day thereafter that such unlawful employment continues be fined not less than five nor more than twenty dollars, in addition to other penalties prescribed by this section for such offenses. A failure to produce on demand to an attendance officer any certificate required by this section shall be prima facie evidence that the child, who is or should have been mentioned in the said certificate, is thus unlawfully employed.

SEC. 161. It shall be the duty of every parent, guardian or other person having control of a child under sixteen years of age, and of every principal or head teacher of said school where such child last attended, to furnish every employer of such child the certificates required by the preceding section. Such certificates, if in substantial conformity with the requirements of that section, shall be prima facie evidence of the facts required to be certified to as therein provided.

SEC. 162. Any parent or guardian or other person having control of a child, or principal or head teacher who shall make any willfully false statement respecting any of the facts required to be certified to as provided in sections 160 and 161 of this subtitle, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not more than fifty dollars, or to [sic] be imprisoned not more than thirty days, or suffer both fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court.

SEC. 163. No person shall employ any minor over twelve and less than sixteen years of age, and no parent, guardian or other person having control of a child, shall permit to be employed or retained in employment any such minor under his control, if the said minor can not read at sight and write legibly simple sentences in the English language while a public evening school is maintained in the city or election district or precinct in which such minor resides, unless such minor is a regular attendant at an evening or other school: Provided, That upon presentation by such minor of a certificate signed by a regular practicing physician, and satisfactory to such officer or officers as the school commissioners for such county or city may designate, showing that the physical condition of such minor would render such attendance, in addition to daily labor prejudicial to health, said officer or officers so designated may issue a permit authorizing the employment of such minor for such period and upon such conditions as said officer or officers so designated as aforesaid may determine. Any person who employs or retains in employment a minor in violation of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and be fined for each offense not more than one hundred dollars, which fines shall be paid to the school commissioners for use in supporting evening schools in such city or county. Any parent, guardian or other person having control of a child, who permits to be employed any minor under his control in violation of the provisions of this section, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and be fined not more than twenty dollars, which fines shall be also paid to the

school commissioners for use in supporting evening schools in such city and county.

Enforce

SEC. 164. In said city or county where attendance officers may have been appointed, it shall be the duty of the school commis- ment. sioners to designate an attendance officer, who shall once or more frequently in every year examine into the situation of the children employed in such mills and factories in said city or county, and to ascertain whether all the provisions of this subtitle are duly observed and report all violations thereof to the grand jury of the said city or county.

SEC. 165. Attendance officers may visit all establishments where Duties of ofminors are employed in said city or county and ascertain whether ficers. any minors are employed therein contrary to the provisions of this subtitle. Attendance officers may require that the certificates provided for in this subtitle of minors employed in such establishments shall be produced for their inspection.

SEC. 166. Any person violating any provision of sections 152-165, where no special provision as to the penalty for such violation is made shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be fined not exceeding fifty dollars for each offense. Sections 152-166 are re

stricted to Baltimore City and Allegany County.

ARTICLE 100.-Hours of labor-Cotton and woolen manufactures.

Penalty.

Ten hours a

SECTION 1. No corporation or manufacturing company engaged in manufacturing either cotton or woolen yarns, fabrics or domes- day's work. tics of any kind, incorporated under the laws of this State, and no officer, agent or servant of such named corporation or manufacturing company, and no person or firm owning or operating such corporation or manufacturing company within the limits of this State, and no agent or servant of such firm or person shall require, permit or suffer its, his or their employees in its, his or their service, or under his, its or their control, to work for more than ten hours during each or any day of twenty-four hours for one full day's work and shall make no contract or agreement with such employees or any of them: Provided. That they or he shall work for more than ten hours for one day's work during each or any day of twenty-four hours and said ten hours shall constitute one full day's work.

Male adult

SEC. 2. Any such named corporation or manufacturing company within the limits of this State shall be allowed, under the pro- employees. visions of this section, the privilege of working male employees, over the age of twenty-one years over the limit of ten hours for the express purpose only of making repairs and improvements and getting fires made, steam up and the machinery ready for use in their works, which can not be done during the limits of the ten hours; the extra compensation for all such work to be settled between such corporation and manufacturing companies and the employees: Provided, That nothing in this article shall be so construed as to prohibit any employer from making a contract with his male employees, over the age of twenty-one years, to work by the hour for such time as may be agreed upon.

SEC. 3. If any such corporation or manufacturing company within the limits of this State, or any officer, agent or servant of such corporation or manufacturing company in this State shall do any act in violation of any of the provisions of this article he or they shall be deemed to have been guilty of misdemeanor and shall, on conviction thereof in a court of competent jurisdiction, be fined not less than one hundred dollars for each and every offense so committed, together with the cost of such prosecution,

ARTICLE 100.-Employment of children-Age limit: SECTION 4 (as amended by chapter 192, Acts of 1906). No proprietor, owner, superintendent, manager, or foreman, or other subordinate or agent of any mill, factory, workshop, office, res

Penalty.

Age limit.