The following comparative table shows for selected industries, for the years 1903 and 1904, the average number of persons employed per establishment and the average yearly earnings per employee:

AVERAGE EMPLOYEES PER ESTABLISHMENT AND AVERAGE YEARLY EARNINGS PER EMPLOYEE, 1903 AND 1904.

STEAM RAILROADS.-For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1905, the 7 railroads in the State employed 37,953 persons for an average of 296 days per person, each working an average of 10.4 hours per day. The total paid in wages amounted to $23,168,811, the average wages per day being $2.06 and the average yearly earnings per employee $610.46. Four of the companies reported the number of employees injured during the year as 1,323. The injuries of 60 resulted in death.

COST OF LIVING.-This is a continuation of the presentation of previous years, and shows the retail prices of 50 items of food and other commodities in the principal markets in all counties of the State in the month of June, 1905. Comparisons with retail prices in 1904 and in 1898 (the year the investigation was begun) are also given. Taken together, the prices of the commodities in 1905 as compared with the prices in 1898 showed an increase of 16.8 per cent, or an average increase from year to year of 2.4 per cent.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CANNING.-In 1904 there were 35 canneries from which returns were received. Invested capital to the amount of $754,671 and wages paid to the amount of $342,305 were

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reported by 33. The 35 canneries gave employment to 4,898 wageearners-2,092 males and 2,806 females. The selling value of the product amounted to $1,703,389.

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY.-A canvass of the potteries in the city of Trenton was made by the Bureau of Labor in 1904 for the purpose of gaining, as nearly as possible, an exact knowledge of the health conditions prevalent in the industry. Returns were received from 33 potteries, which employed at the time of making the canvass an aggregate of 3,751 work people, about 675 of whom were females. The results of the inquiry showed that the conditions peculiar to the industry, which produced diseases in former years, had, to a fairly large extent, passed away as a result of improved factory buildings and the adoption in many old potteries of the latest methods of sanitation and ventilation; yet much remains to be done if the trade is made absolutely healthful. Physicians whose practice lies largely among potteries and who were consulted on the subject of diseases peculiar to the potter's trade stated that there has been a pronounced decline during recent years in potter's tuberculosis, asthma, lead colic, and other forms of illness. With regard to accidents in the potteries where all modern safeguards have been adopted, the only dangerous work now is said to be about the kilns, and the risks connected with them are slight. Dust, once a prolific cause of asthma and consumption, has, to a large extent, ceased to be so, all sweeping and cleaning up being done at night. During recent years the social condition of the potters has steadily improved.

THE GLASS INDUSTRY.-This is a review of the changes in wages and in methods of production in the glass industry of the State from 1875 to 1905. The information was obtained from men who had followed the trade as blowers during the thirty-year period, or for an even greater length of time, and who were thoroughly familiar with every new feature introduced into the process of manufacture during that time, and also from the records of the largest and oldest glass-making plants. But the main purpose of the inquiry was to ascertain the trend of glass blowers' wages during the period of time under review, improvements in process of manufacture being noticed only in so far as they may have affected the question of wages. It was found impossible to obtain wage data for each year of the period separately, but average earnings covering various periods were determined with approximate correctness. Up to 1879 the average earnings of blowers appears to have been $3.83 per day; from 1879 to 1890 the average was about $4.83 per day; from 1890 to 1905 the average has been about $5 per day.

THE EIGHT-HOUR MOVEMENT.-This part of the report reviews the investigation made by the Federal Government, during the

Fifty-eighth Congress, concerning the relation of the shorter workday to cost of production, preparatory to the consideration of House bill, No. 4064, "limiting the hours of daily service of laborers and mechanics employed upon work done for the United States, or for any Territory, or for the District of Columbia."

LABOR LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS OF COURTS.-This presentation consists of a reproduction of the labor laws enacted at the 1905 session of the State legislature and extracts from recent (1904-5) decisions of the New Jersey courts on cases affecting the interests of labor.

INDUSTRIAL CHRONOLOGY.-This industrial record is for the year ending September 30, 1905. The record presents, by date and locality, accounts of accidents to workmen, changes in hours of labor, closing of factories (partial or total), damage to manufacturing plants by fire or flood, enlargement of manufacturing plants, establishment of new manufacturing plants, incorporation of new industries, increases and reductions in wages, industrial plants that have left the State and that have moved into the State from elsewhere, organization of new labor unions, litigation in connection with manufacturing plants, strikes and lockouts, and wage-scale and working-hour demands of labor unions.

OREGON.

Second Biennial Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the State of Oregon, 1905-6. O. P. Hoff, Commissioner. 229 pp.

The present report, the second biennial issued by the bureau, presents a variety of subjects pertaining directly and indirectly to labor and industrial conditions.

LABOR LAWS AND DECISIONS OF COURTS.-This section of the report consists, principally, of a reproduction of the laws of the State relating to labor, and two decisions of the supreme court in 1906 sustaining the validity of the ten-hour law for females and the childlabor law.

LABOR ORGANIZATIONS.-Reports were received from 96 unions, having a total membership of 9,252, giving date of organization, membership of each union, membership fees, monthly dues, strike, sick, and funeral benefits, wages and hours of labor, regulations governing apprenticeship, number of members idle, etc.

STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS.-Brief accounts are given of 9 strikes and 1 lockout which occurred in the State during the twelve months ending September 30, 1906.

INDUSTRIES.-Reports from various manufacturing, agricultural, transportation, and other industries of the State present capital and output, wages and hours of labor, number of employees, and miscel

laneous data. In the woolen mills of the State the following average

daily wages were paid in the different occupations:

MISCELLANEOUS.-Other subjects given consideration in the report are domestic help; education; accidents in factories, sawmills, and at logging; Chinese and Japanese; for each county of the State an account of its physical aspects, products, resources, transportation facilities, wages paid farm, ranch, and other labor, and various additional items of general information; and for each incorporated city and town its population, elevation, principal industries, transportation facilities, value of public buildings, cost of light and water service to consumers, cost of police and fire service, wages paid day labor, etc.

UTAH.

Reports of the Bureau of Statistics of the State of Utah for the years 1901 to 1906. Charles De Moisey, Commissioner (1901 to 1904); Fred W. Price, Commissioner (1905 and 1906). 6 vols.; 527 pp.

The law creating the Utah bureau of statistics became effective May 13, 1901, the duties of the bureau as set forth in the act being to collect, assort, systematize, and present in annual reports statistical details relating to agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and other industries of the State. The first report of the bureau (for the year 1901) was presented to the governor of the State on January 10, 1902.

Returns relating to statistics of agriculture show that for the fiveyear period 1901 to 1905 monthly wages, including board, of farm hands were as follows: In 1901 farm hands received an average wage of $29.25 per month, in 1902 an average wage of $29.78 per month, in 1903 an average wage of $30.01 per month, in 1904 an average wage of $31.10 per month, and in 1905 an average wage of $31.07 per

month. The average weekly wages, including board, of women. employed in farmers' families were $2.48 per week in 1901, $2.64 per week in 1902, $2.88 per week in 1903, $3.08 per week in 1904, and $3.21 per week in 1905.

In 1903 there were 171 coal mines operated in the State, which produced 1,762,178 tons of coal, giving employment to 2,182 workmen, to whom were paid wages to the amount of $1,538,390. In 1904 there were 160 mines operated, which produced 1,563,274 tons of coal, giving employment to 2,215 workmen. In 1905 there were 151 mines operated, which produced 1,600,528 tons of coal, giving employment to 2,092 workmen. The average daily wages of miners in 1905 were $3.58; of inside laborers, $2.75; of outside laborers, $2.56. The amount and value of gold, silver, lead, and copper produced in the State from 1877 to 1905 are also shown.

Statistics relating to the mercantile institutions of the State are presented for the years 1902 to 1905. They are presented by counties and also by kind of business for the four principal counties and the two principal cities. The number of establishments reporting, kind of ownership, capital invested, volume of business (wholesale and retail), percentage of sales inside and of sales outside the State, number of employees, totai and average weekly wages, and daily hours of labor are shown. The table following summarizes the principal statistics:

STATISTICS OF MERCANTILE INSTITUTIONS, 1902 TO 1905.

Returns from the various manufacturing industries of the State are given, showing number of establishments reporting, capital invested, value of materials and products, number of employees, total wages paid, days in operation, daily hours of labor, percentage of product sold within the State, percentage of product sold without the State, etc. The table following presents for the year 1905 statistics relating to establishments, capital, product, employees, wages, and time.