1856, which was granted, and James T. Earle, John O. Wharton, Nicholas B. Worthington, Charles B. Calvert, George W. Hughes, Walter W. W. Bowie, Ramsay McHenry, J. Carroll Walsh, and Allen B. Davis, were appointed commissioners by whom subscriptions were to be obtained to the stock of the College. The conditions of the charter required that a sum not less than fifty thousand dollars be subscribed to the stock within two years from July 1st, 1856, and a Board of Trustees elected, land obtained and buildings erected, and these conditions being complied with, the sum of $6,000 was to be paid annually by the State towards the expenses of the institution.

Within the prescribed time the sum of fifty-three thousand dollars was subscribed, a Trustee was elected from each county, and one from the city of Baltimore, to whom were added the same year, one Trustee from the District of Columbia, one from the Eastern shore of Maryland, and one from the Western shore: a farm of 425 acres was purchased, (since reduced by sale to 283 acres,) in Prince George County, and during the following year the main College building was erected, at a cost of about $46,000, and a total investment for land and buildings of about $100,000.

The College was open for students in October, 1859, and its catalogue for the first collegiate year numbered sixty-five, one-third of whom were from other States. At the commencement of the war, in 1861, the number was reduced to seventeen, and great embarrassment and difficulty resulted from this falling off, and from a burden of debt which had accumulated in the erection and furnishing of the College building, and the equipment of the farm.

The year following the number of students increased again, and in 1864 equaled that of the first year. Financial difficulties, however, continued to embarrass the affairs of the institution, and were further increased by the burning of a fine barn, with all its contents, and by the destruction of a large quantity of fencing and proven der during the war. Finally, the necessity of closing at an early period seemed so obvious, that students were withdrawn in anticipation of it, and precipitated that misfortune, which was realized in April, 1866.

In this condition of affairs the Legislature came to its aid, and made the State joint owner of the property by paying its whole indebtedness, which amounted to $45,000, and assigning to its use the proceeds of the United States land-scrip to which Maryland became entitled by accepting the conditions of the act of 1862. The two hundred and ten thousand acres, to which this grant to the State amounted, was sold by the Comptroller, with the sanction of the Treasurer and the Governor, at the average price of 53 cents per acre, and yielded $112,504. Ten per cent. of this amount, i. e. $11,250, was "reserved to be paid into the treasury of the State, to reimburse the said State in part for the amount appropriated by this act to the said Maryland Agricultural College that is, the $45,000, by paying which to the creditors of the College the Statebecame owner of one-half of the College real estate. This deduction left $101, 253, of which $100,000 has been invested in Maryland State Stock, yielding six per cent., and the balance will be probably similarly bestowed. The income will therefore be $6,075, payable semi-annually, beginning with Jan. 1, 1868.

When the State became joint owner of the property by discharging the indebtedness of the institution, the Board of Visitors was reorganized by giving

to the stockholders seven, and to the State four members, viz: the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Speaker of the House, and the Superintendent of Public Instruction. Of this Board, JAMES T. EARLE is President.

FARM AND BUILDING.

The large farm and grounds are located on both sides of the turnpike leading from Baltimore and Washington, three-quarters of a mile from College station on the Baltimore and Washington Railroad, and nine miles from Washington. P. O. address, Hyattsville, Prince George County.

The building is not yet completed on the original plan, but the present structure has six spacious lecture rooms, fifty-one chambers, a chapel, laboratory, and large accommodations for the domestic uses of the residents. There is besides, a residence for a Professor, with twenty-seven rooms for students.

INSTRUCTORS.

The President is CHARLES L. C. MINER, M. A., with the following Professors: NICHOLAS B. WORTHINGTON, A. M., Moral and Mental Philosophy, English Language and Literature, Rhetoric and Logic.

JAMES HIGGINS, A. M., M. D., Agriculture and Natural Sciences.

BATTISTA LORINO, LL. D., Ancient and Modern Languages.
PHIL MOORE LEAKIN, A. M., Mathematics.

DANIEL BARKER, Practical Agriculture, Horticulture and Pomology.

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.

In accordance with the more especial wants, at present, of the State of Maryland, the Scientific course is adapted more particularly to agriculture than to the mechanic arts, although the studies in the Elements of Chemistry, Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Physical Geography, Mineralogy and Geology, belong alike to both. The daily lessons in the field, above-described, field lectures from the Professor, lessons in keeping farm notes and farm accounts, instruction in Agricultural Chemistry and Botany, Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology, in Entomology, and especially in the analysis of soils and manures, constitute the separate studies for farmers.

The Literary course is conformed mainly to the common College curriculum, but less time is given to the ancient languages, and more to the study of English and other modern languages, of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy.

MANUAL LABOR.

Manual labor has been a feature in the College discipline from its organization, and it is claimed that it has worked well. During the current session (of '67-8) it has not been required, but the students of agriculture have spent a part of each day in regular garden and field work, under the charge of the Superintendent of the farm, hearing his questions, comments and explanations, and having their attention called to the details of every agricultural process.

MILITARY TACTICS.

No military instruction has yet been given. Circumstances being temporarily unfavorable for it the Board of Trustees postponed providing for it until the College should be in the actual enjoyment of the revenue from the U. S. grant, when the requirement will be faithfully met.

MODE OF INSTRUCTION AND DISCIPLINE.

The general mode of instruction is by study of, and close questioning on, the best text books, with comment, explanation, and supplementary oral instruction; with lectures for the more advanced students. In the Scientific schools opportunity is given to closely watch, and as much as possible, aid in the processes for illustration. A rigid system of marks in all studies, promptly

rendered to parents each month, proves a great stimulus to exertion.

DOMESTIC LIFE.-TUITION.

Most of the Professors eat at the same table and lodge in the same house with the students, thus not only preventing the neglect of their health and comfort which so often occurs, but being brought into close and friendly contact with them, checking indiscretions which might otherwise grow into disorder, and exercising a wholesome influence upon their moral and intellectual growth.

Board is provided by the College. The sum of $225 pays the board, lodging, washing, fuel and lights. The supplies for the table, drawn from the farm, garden, orchard and dairy, and the well-warmed and well-lighted rooms, with other liberal appointments, give the students a degree of healthful comfort very rarely seen in schools.

The charge for tuition is $75 per annum, half at the beginning and half at the middle of the school session.

Sixty free scholarships, open only to citizens of Maryland, are provided for by the State's annual appropriation.

STATISTICS FOR 1867.

The following is the return, with remarks, made to the Legislature of Maryland by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, (Rev. L. Van Bokkelen, LL. D.,) in his Report for 1867:

"The Agricultural College, of which I am, ex-officio, a Trustee, is thoroughly reorganized and has an able Faculty. To enable this important institution to accomplish its special work, an appropriation for farm buildings and apparatus is needed. With such addition to its facilities and the income from the United States land-grant, making the annual revenue over $12,000, there will be ample means for accomplishing the purposes of the institution which have not been thus far obtained.

STATISTICS FOR 1867.-State donation, $6,000. Salaries of Professors, $10,000. Students, 11. Tuition per annum, $75. Board per month, $22.50. Value of Property, $90,000. Volumes in Library, $1,600. Value of Apparatus, $500. Acres of land, 283. The College and agricultural equipments, the value of which is not estimated. During the year 1868, the College will have an additional annual revenue of $6,000 from sale of United States land-scrip."

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1854. Address to the citizens of Maryland on an Experimental Farm and College of Agriculture. Memorial of the State Agricultural Society to the Congress of the United States for a National Agricultural Institution.

1858. Report of Register, with Act of Incorporation, List of Officers, and Names of Subscribers. 24 pages.

1859.

First Circular of Maryland Agricultural College.

1864. Report of Trustees to Legislature of Maryland. 16 pages.

1865. Catalogue of Maryland Agricultural College for 1865-66. 16 pages.

NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

AND THE MECHANIC ARTS.

HANOVER.

HISTORY.

IN New Hampshire the proceeds arising from the sale of 150,000 acres of scrip, assigned to the State, were appropriated by an act approved July 7, 1866, to the "New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," to be established in connection with Dartmouth College at Hanover.

The scrip was sold prior to December 1867, for the sum of eighty thousand dollars, that is at the price of fifty-three and one fifth cents per acre, and the proceeds invested in six per cent. state bonds. The trustees of the institution are nine in number, five of them appointed by the Governor and Council and four by the Trustees of Dartmouth College. In consideration of this arrangement and the establishment of the college at Hanover, Dartmouth College furnishes the use of an experimental farm, the requisite buildings, and the libraries and apparatus, &c. This connection with the college may be terminated, on notice of one year, given by either party in the month of July 1874, or at any time after the termination of fourteen years from the beginning of the connection. A contract, embodying these provisions, has been signed by the two bodies of Trustees, but there are still some details to be settled, which delay the opening of the school.

The first meeting of the Board, for organization and the transaction of business, was held in the city of Concord, on the 28th of September, 1866. The Governor and Council had appointed the five following trustees: Hon. John D. Lyman, of Farmington, Joseph B. Walker, Esq., of Concord, William P. Wheeler, Esq., of Keene, John B. Clark, Esq., of Manchester, and Chester C. Hutchins, Esq., of Bath. The Trustees of Dartmouth College had appointed, on their part, Rev. Asa D. Smith, D. D., His Excellency, Frederick Smyth, Hon. Ira A. Eastman, and Hon. Anthony Colby. The Hon. Ira A. Eastman, however, declined to serve. The Board organized by electing the Rev. Asa D. Smith, D. D., as President, Joseph B. Walker, Esq., as Secretary, and His Excellency, Frederick Smith, as Treasurer. They have since appointed an Executive Committee, consisting of the President, Hon. John D. Lyman, and William P. Wheeler, Esq.

The trustees have announced that the instruction will be comprehensive of the various branches of applied science, and will extend through a course of four years duration. The requisites of admission will be "a mastery of the branches usually taught in our Common Schools." Twelve students, one from each senatorial district will receive gratuitous instruction. A report of these preliminary arrangements, including a copy of the contract between the two colleges was published in June 1867. (Concord, 12 pp., 8vo.)

In addition to the ordinary resources of a New England College, Dartmouth was able to offer for the basis of the national school of science, the advantages of the "Chandler Scientific Department," and of the "Thayer School of Architecture and Civil Engineering," and of a prospective agricultural bequest.

THE CHANDLER SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT was established by a resolution of the Trustees, in acceptance of the sum of fifty thousand dollars, bequeathed to them in trust by ABIEL CHANDLER, Esq., late of Walpole, and formerly of Boston, Mass. Mr. Chandler gives and devises the above sum to the Trustees of the College, "to carefully and prudently invest or fund the principal sum, and faithfully apply and appropriate the income and interest thereof for the establishment and support of a permanent department, or school of instruction, in the College, in the practical and useful arts of life, comprised chiefly in the branches of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, the Invention and Manufacture of Machinery, Carpentry, Masonry, Architecture and Drawing, the Investigation of the Properties and Uses of the Materials employed in the Arts, the Modern Languages and English Literature, together with Book-keeping, and such other branches of knowledge as may best qualify young persons for the duties and employments of active life."

Under this provision of this bequest, the Chandler Scientific Department was established in 1856, and a course of scientific instruction has since been maintained, with opportunities of laboratory practice.

The THAYER SCHOOL OF ARCHIitecture and CIVIL ENGINEERING is established on a donation of $40,000, tendered to the Trustees, and accepted by them at their last meeting, by GEN. SYLVANUS THAYER, of Braintree, Mass., and the real organizer of the United States Military Academy at West Point. This munificence had its origin not merely in a regard, on the part of the venerable donor, for his Alma Mater, but in a foresight of the large demand for high attainments in this particular line, which the unfolding material resources of our Country are sure to make; and in a conviction that an increasing nubmer of our young men are disposed to select it as their profession. The Department is to be essentially, though not formally, post-graduate. The requisites for admission will, in some leading branches-particularly in Mathematics-embrace not less, and probably more, than the usual College curriculum. The course of study is to be of the highest order, passing beyond what is possible in Institutions for general culture, and is designed to prepare the capable and faithful student for the most responsible positions and the most difficult service. It will extend through at least two years, each divided into a Winter and Summer Term, and a portion of the latter being given to out-door practice. Temporary employment in Civil Engineering will occasionally be permitted, such as will conduce to the student's improvement, while it will be more or less remunerative. In the arrangement of details, reference will be had to the best methods, both in this country and in Europe. A suitable diploma will be given, on satisfactory examination, to those who complete the course.