having proper facilities. But the Chinamen coming here now are principally those who went through the United States in transit to Mexico by way of Mexicali. They have become tired of working down there and are working over toward Ensenano and then coming north.

Commissioner GARRETSON. What is the exact mileage from Ensenano to the

border?

Mr. CHADNEY. To the border, 90 miles, and it is a much quicker trip and much safer trip by launch than it is overland. There are so many people looking for Chinamen coming overland, and it is a long, dreary trip from Calexico to any large city in the northern part of the country.

Mr. BUSIEK. How did these Chinese happen to get away from the Calipso? Mr. CHADNEY. The deal, or scheme, as you might call it, had been started in southern California. I was attempting to operate with other inspectors in the southern district in the capture of the Calipso, which was to make a landing at Moss Landing. Moss Landing is about 14 miles north of Monterey proper. So I got a launch and another inspector and went to Moss Landing and anchored there for two or three nights-the 15th, 16th, and 17th of January of this year. The Calipso came up, but could not make a landing on account of the heavy water; the water was breaking right over the pier, so I afterwards learned from these smugglers themselves, that the Chinamen in charge of the party told them to make a landing in Monterey. "We can't stay here all night; we will be found out at daylight." They went to Monterey, landed, and they telephoned to Watsonville for an automobile, and they came down and took the party away.

On account of the weather I decided to leave Moss Landing about 2 o'clock in the morning and come to Monterey, and when I got there the Calipso was there at anchor. I took the Calipso and the smugglers-seized them-and then started to search for the contraband that had been landed. We were successful in arresting but four, I believe, of the contraband Chinese that came in on the Calipso. But we did not get any of the opium, and we did not get all of the smugglers. One of the men, Mr. Fox, got away, and we have not yet located him. Neither have we found the Chinaman who was in charge of the deal. He refused to pay the smugglers or to pay anybody for the trouble. He took the opium and went away, and it is presumed he has gone back to China. Mr. BUSIEK. Were any of the Government people in on that deal? Mr. CHADNEY. The southern district have in the past issued 90-day appointments, or at least have been responsible for 90-day propositions. Men will come to an inspector in charge there and give certain information regarding smugglers, and if they think if he is of any value at all they will hire him for 90 days, at approximately $3 a day. If he gets results within that time, why, all right. If he doesn't, why, he is discharged. On the trip an ex-smuggler by the name of David Main was with the party when we arrested them.

Mr. BUSIEK. He helped out the whole deal, did he?

Mr. CHADNEY. Yes; he was one of the prime movers.

Commissioner GARRETSON. In fact he was one of the framers?

Mr. CHADNEY. Yes; to the best of my knowledge, he was.

Mr. BUSIEK. Did David Main help you apprehend or make any effort to apprehend these contraband who had escaped?

Mr. CHADNEY. No. He submitted to arrest. That is all.

Mr. BUSIEK. Is it not a fact that while you were waiting for the Calipso to come up that the same crowd that David Main was in actually did land another bunch?

Mr. CHADNEY. That is what I understand.

Mr. BUSIEK. Some 20?

Mr. CHADNEY. About 20 men-20 Chinese were landed.

Mr. BUSIEK. They were not caught?

Mr. CHADNEY. No, sir.

Mr. BUSIEK. Who is responsible for this arrangement of hiring smugglers to help in these transactions?

Mr. CHADNEY. Well, Mr. Taylor is in charge of the smuggling work; he has direct charge now.

Commissioner GARRETSON. Is he the originator of the 90-day idea, so far as you know?

Mr. CHADNEY. So far as I know, yes.

Mr. BUSIEK. How does the record of captures made by you since Taylor has taken charge compare with the record for a like period of time before?

Mr. CHADNEY. On this coast you mean, north of Monterey, in this jurisdiction?

Mr. BUSIEK. Yes.

Mr. CHADNEY. There has not been a capture in the northern district since Mr. Taylor took charge, and there has not been a capture of contraband Chinese in the southern district by water since Mr. Taylor took charge; but the

Mr. BUSIEK. The Chinese that have been captured since Mr. Taylor took charge are part of a crowd that were landed at San Francisco here and allowed to go by rail to Mexico under arrangement with the Pacific Mail?

Mr. CHADNEY. Yes, sir.

Mr. BUSIEK. And then attempted to return to this country overland; is that true?

Mr. CHADNEY. Yes, sir; Mr. Busiek.

Mr. BUSIEK. The southern district has made quite a record of captures of that bunch, hasn't it?

Mr. CHADNEY. Yes, sir. Now, I would like to explain that proposition a little if you will allow me.

Mr. BUSIEK. Certainly.

Mr. CHADNEY. I have accompanied a party of the men who were sent down— Chinamen who were sent down to Mexicali on one trip representing the Government-and the Chinese, after they got down to Mexicali, were not received as they thought they should have been. And quite a number of them turned around and came back; that is, they came across the line with their trunks and their blankets.

Commissioner GARRETSON. Openly?

Mr. CHADNEY. Came right across the line, and we have, as our records will show-had to have special arrangements for their baggage. They brought their trunks and their blankets back with them that they took down south. So I wouldn't attribute that as being much of a capture.

Commissioner GARRETSON. You wouldn't think it would take a very artistic sleuth to get them?

Mr. CHADNEY. No, sir; not after the experience I had along the border.
Commissioner GARRETSON. Mexicali is just below San Diego, isn't it?

Mr. CHADNEY. No, sir; it is directly across from Calexico, just a small river dividing; a creek.

Mr. BUSIEK. What methods are you now pursuing, under Mr. Taylor's direction, looking toward the capture of contraband Chinese, what is the system or method?

Mr. CHADNEY. The system is to act upon information furnished wherever we might secure it, however we may secure it.

Mr. BUSIEK. Hasn't there been a remarkable growth of working in connection with stool pigeons?

Mr. CHADNEY. Most of our information comes that way.

Mr. BUSIEK. Since Mr. Taylor took charge, has there or has there not been a growth of the practice of Government employees insinuating themselves into the confidences of smugglers, and Government employees who were ex-smugglers, and men who formerly bore bad characters, and intrusting to them to furnish you the information?

Mr. CHADNEY. That is our principal source of information, from men of that character.

Commissioner GARRETSON. Has it grown since Taylor's administration more than it had before?

Mr. CHADNEY. Well, Mr. Taylor has had charge of the smuggling operations for some time, some two or three years.

Commissioner GARRETSON. Does your experience go back of Mr. Taylor's day? Mr. CHADNEY. Yes, sir.

Commissioner GARRETSON. Since he has dominated it, then, whether actual control or otherwise, has it grown in that time to a greater degree than it existed prior to that time?

Mr. CHADNEY. It has; yes, sir.

Mr. BUSIEK. Are the present methods as effective as those used prior?
Mr. CHADNEY. No, sir.

Mr. BUSIEK. Explain the system that you used to use.

Mr. CHADNEY. We would patrol the border and watch the trails out of Mexico, two different points of Mexico. I was formerly stationed at Tia Juana with Mr. Conkling, and we would patrol the border, watch for the different crowds to pass. We would get information a party had started, and it was up to us, then, to get them and get the smugglers, and that meant a lot of night

riding. The class of smugglers that we caught there were men that were heartless. They would kill you on sight. They would get away with you if they possibly could. I don't say this in any boastful spirit, but I speak from practical experience. I found that night riding and stern methods with smugglers, that is, treating them as they would treat us, did more to stop smuggling than anything else before or since.

Commissioner GARRETSON. How far is Tia Juana from the border; is it actually on the line?

Mr. CHADNEY. Right on the line.

Commissioner GARRETSON. I thought it was. How far is Calexico and the other town opposite?

Mr. CHADNEY. Directly across, just a small street dividing the two. The Department of Labor instructed me to submit a plan of operation to more successfully handle this smuggling of Chinese in this district. And I submitted a plan, which was to disregard all information that we might get from any source, as we had been getting in the past from smugglers, to ignore them entirely and to form an arresting crew composed of an inspector, interpreter, stenographer, and watchman. And to go to places where there were a number of Chinese employer, say different canneries and different potato fields, and ask the Chinamen to produce their documentary evidence of right to be in the United States, Those that could not produce would be given an examination. Upon the outcome of the examination we would arrest or not as we saw fit. For instance, if a man had been here 10 years, had no papers, that case would be passed up, and as long as we had men who had just come from Mexico, the young men who could not show any papers of any kind. But no action has been taken on that matter. But the principal place the Chinese try to get is as far as San Francisco. They come in here and this seems to be their mecca. But no effort has ever been made in the northern district of California to apprehend contraband Chinese. What I mean by contraband Chinese are persons who are here illegally.

Mr. BUSIEK. Have you always worked along the southern border?

Mr. CHADNEY. Until about three years ago; yes, sir.

Mr. BUSIEK. And then you moved up here?

Mr. CHADNEY. I was transferred to San Francisco.

Mr. BUSIEK. You have never worked along the Canadian border?

Mr. CHADNEY. No, sir.

Mr. BUSIEK. Mr. Chadney, aren't you working on a case right now in connec tion with the San Francisco office to detect a party of about 20 Chinese who are supposed to come in here?

Mr. CHADNEY. Yes, sir.

Mr. BUSIEK. Just give the commission the plan of that that you are working on.

Mr. CHADNEY. At Monterey a certain policeman with whom I am quite friendly came to me and said that a chauffeur had given him certain Chinese letters and had asked him to keep those letters and give them to the Chinaman whom he would meet at Gaivota, where this chauffeur was to go and get a party of Chinese who would be landed there by boat. So I brought-at least I mailed these two letters to Dr. Gardner, who is our official interpreter. I prefer Dr. Gardner's translation to any of the other interpreters. I think he is the most competent officer there and the most faithful, and there is no leaking, one thing that we have to guard against. And these letters, by the way, I have a translation right here.

Mr. BUSIEK. Just give the general purport.

Mr. CHADNEY. I will just give the note, it is a little note that a man was to give to the Chinaman at Ensenano to know that he is 0. K. They are very, very short, Mr. Busiek.

Mr. BUSIEK. All right.

Mr. CHADNEY. This is a Chinese letter translated by Chinese Inspector and Interpreter John E. Gardner at the request of myself:

Mr. TAM TSUN KWING.

DEAR SIR: The 34 sticks sent up are already all right. As previously set forth clearly. Now, 7 more sticks are desired as follows: Lum Ying Mo (?), Lum Duck Yung, Lum Shew Yow, Lum Shin Ying, Chin Dai Mu, Ng Yu Jee (?), Lau Wun. These, with the former ones, make 21 sticks. Please let that party bring them along. Don't have any doubts or misgiving. The rest of them are set forth in the letter. On the next occasion, when mistakes are well ascertained, will put it through again.

The Los Angeles goods will have to wait until the next occasion, also. Please bear that in mind, and it will be all right.

The compensation for you and others will be sent as per account without fail. It will be just as you say.

Respectfully,

JULY 28.

AH CHEE YIP, Wong Yun Shan.

This is the translation of one of the letters as it was given to me by the policeman.

Then I followed Mr. McFadden. Mr. McFadden was the name of the chauffeur in this case, and asked him to cooperate with me in arresting the Chinese: "You have shown your good faith in giving this letter to this police officer. The police officer gave it to me." And he said he would be glad to help me. And I then advised him to go to San Francisco and see what could be done, which he did. He came up to San Francisco, and then I asked the San Francisco office to detail an inspector to watch him to see where he went; that is, into what stores he went, and to see who he was stopping with. The inspector met the Chinaman who had given McFadden the letter in the first instance, and he was introduced by McFadden to this Chinaman as a man who had another automobile, and who would help in bringing the Chinese from Gaivota. Then, of course, the Chinaman unburdened himself and told the whole arrangement. But there was some hitch in the money matters and the deal has not as yet gone through, and I am under the impression it won't go through now under the original arrangement, because it has dragged along too long.

Commissioner GARRETSON. Bets are off.

Mr. CHADNEY. This deal is lost. But the fact that those men have been guaranteed means that they are here, that they will be here, and if they don't come that route they will come another. The store is putting up the money, at least guaranteeing the money, don't care which party handles them, they want the men here, and they will get them, and give any amount necessary to get them here.

Mr. BUSIEK. What is the current price for smuggling in a Chinaman?

Mr. CHADNEY. Two hundred and fifty dollars now; that is, to land them in San Francisco, per head. Each boat will bring about an average of 25, not more. Sometimes they make a larger load, but very seldom. The trip can be made in about six days back and forth.

Commissioner GARRETSON. I want to ask one question. I do not know whether it is something you are dodging or whether-I don't mean you [Mr. Chadney] dodging, but I mean the investigator. I have not heard it asked here from anybody. Are the Chinese Six Companies, or any one of them connected with the smuggling of Chinese, or is it private enterprise for gain only, in your opinion?

Mr. CHADNEY. The individuals of the Six Companies might be interested, but not the Six Companies as a body.

Commissioner GARRETSON. What brought that to my mind was some occurrences, some testimony that has been given here, not in response to a question of that kind at all, but I wanted to know myself what the attitude of the companies was toward that question as a body, or of its component parts.

Mr. CHADNEY. Yes.

Commissioner GARRETSON. That is all.

Mr. BUSIEK. Just this question.

Commissioner GARRETSON. One minute.

Mr. BUSIEK. From your experience with the Six Companies, is it or is it not your impression that the Six Companies itself as an organization tries to keep its hands clean in all transactions with the Government?

Mr. CHADNEY. With the Federal Government, yes; but not with Highbinders' affairs. That is a different matter again.

Commissioner GARRETSON. You mean that their attitude toward questions of national law as affecting the interrelation of the Chinese and the Americans, they try to keep their hands clean, but they are nothing for the criminal code? Mr. CHADNEY. That is the idea, yes; that is right. Commissioner GARRETSON. That is all, thank you.

Mr. BUSIEK. That is all.

Commissioner GARRETSON. The commission will stand adjourned.

(And thereupon, at 4.30 o'clock p. m. Saturday, September 5, 1914, the hearings of the commission in San Francisco were adjourned.)