No. 8. Richardsons Rock light station, Cal.—

For establishing a light and fog signal on Richardsons Rock, in the Santa Barbara Islands, Cal., $140,000.

NOTE.-Richardsons Rock is considered a great menace to navigation on account of the deep water on all sides, so that it can not be picked up by soundings. The position of the rock makes it an important site for a signal for all shipping along or approaching this coast. It has been reported by the board of marine underwriters that the need for a light and fog signal at this point is more urgent than at any other point on the Santa Barbara Islands. This station should be constructed before the completion of the Panama Canal, when an increase of commerce is anticipated.

No. 9. Michigan Island light station, Lake Superior—

For establishing a light and fog-signal station on Michigan Island, Lake Superior,
Wis., $100,000.

NOTE. The act approved May 27, 1908 (35 Stats., 332), appropriated $2,000 to make survey and estimate the cost and report upon the feasibility and need of establishing a light and fog signal upon Gull Island or the easterly end of Michigan Island, Apostle Group. The survey has been completed, and upon consideration of the data furnished the conclusion has been reached that the easterly end of Michigan Island is the better site. The act of June 17, 1910 (36 Stats., 536), authorizes a light and fog-signal station at Michigan and Gull Islands at $140,000, but no appropriation has been made therefor. The project now contemplated will not cost so much as the amount authorized.

No. 10. Lighting at Hilo, Hawaii

For improving the lighting and other aids to navigation at Hilo, Hawaii, $20,000. NOTE.-Hilo is the second port of importance in the Hawaiian Islands and has a large and increasing commerce. The present lighting is inadequate for the requirements.

No. 11. Orford Reef light vessel, Oreg.—

For the construction and equipment of a light vessel to mark Orford Reef, Oreg., $150,000.

NOTE. By act approved May 27, 1908 (35 Stats., 332), Congress made an appropriation of $2,000 to enable the Lighthouse Board to survey and estimate the cost and report upon the feasibility and need of establishing a light vessel or light station at or near Orford Reef, off Cape Blanco, Oreg. A survey of the locality named was accordingly made by the district officers, who reported that the only satisfactory aid at this locality would be a first-class full-powered light vessel moored off Orford Reef, about three-fourths mile west of Fox Rock.

No. 12. Light keepers' dwellings

For light keepers' dwellings and appurtenant structures, including sites therefor, within the limit of cost fixed by act approved February 26, 1907, $75,000.

NOTE. The appropriations made March 4, 1907 (34 Stats., 1319), and May 27, 1908 (35 Stats., 334), of $75,000 each, are now practically exhausted, but dwellings at a number of stations are yet needed.

No. 13. Honolulu lighthouse depot, Hawaii

For the preparation, construction, and equipment of a lighthouse and buoy depot at Honolulu, Hawaii, $100,000.

NOTE. An adequate lighthouse depot, with suitable workshops for making repairs to illuminating apparatus and minor repairs to the machinery of the lighthouse tender and adequate storage facilities for lighthouse and buoy supplies, is an important need of the Hawaiian lighthouse service. The present facilities consist of 3 leaky and overcrowded rooms, which are likely to be taken over by the War Department, a portion of a dock occupied through the courtesy of the Navy Department, and a small rented storehouse. It is believed that a suitable site can be obtained from the Navy Department upon which the erection of ample quarters and wharfage for the Lighthouse Service can be accomplished.

No. 14. Portage Lake Ship Canals light station, Mich.

For establishing a light and fog-signal station upon a new site and for making necessary changes in the present aids and structures, at Portage Lake Ship Canals, Mich., $100,000.

NOTE. In connection with the harbor improvements, the portions of the piers extending beyond the shore line of the harbor formed by the breakwater will be removed, and it will soon be necessary to rebuild the light and fog signal upon a new site and to rearrange the other lights and make other changes.

No. 15. Otter Island light station, Me.

For establishing a light and fog-signal station on Otter Island, Muscle Ridge
Channel, Me., $17,000.

NOTE. The act of June 17, 1910 (36 Stat., 534), authorized $14,000 for this work, but the amount is not believed to be sufficient, and an appropriation of $17,000 is asked. The importance of this channel and the difficulties of navigation render the establishment of this aid advisable. No appropriation for this object has yet been made.

26321°- -C & L 1911-39

No. 16. Naushon Island light station, Mass.

For establishing a light and fog signal on Naushon Island, westerly entrance of Vineyard Sound, Mass., $40,000.

NOTE.-Vineyard Sound, which is perhaps the most used waterway in the United States, has a well-marked easterly entrance, but the westerly entrance, equally important, is not so well marked, obliging vessels, on account of the shoals, to hug the northerly side, where there are only buoys to guide. A light and fog signal on Naushon Island, which will safeguard the western entrance, are regarded as very necessary.

No. 17. White Stone Point light station, Potomac River—

For establishing a light and fog signal at or near White Stone Point, Potomac River, Md., $20,000.

NOTE. The turn in the bend of the river at this point is one of the most difficult to make in the navigation of the Potomac River. A light and fog signal are much needed. The estimate includes the cost of a suitable site.

No. 18. Aids to navigation, Manistique Harbor, Mich.

For establishing aids to navigation in the harbor of Manistique, Mich., $4,000.

NOTE. The harbor of Manistique is now under improvement by the Government, and an extension of the outer breakwater has been authorized. It is considered necessary for the Lighthouse Service to establish the necessary aids to navigation in this harbor.

No. 19. Boon Island fog signal, Me.

For the establishment of a fog signal on Boon Island, Me., $20,000.

NOTE. This light station is about 6 miles off the mainland and lies directly in the course of navigation along that part of the seacoast between Portland, Me., and Boston, Mass. From Cape Elizabeth light station, Me., to Cape Ann light station, Mass., a distance of 58 miles, there are no fog signals for vessels on this course. The need of a powerful fog signal in this vicinity has often been expressed by mariners and others. This fog signal was authorized by the act of June 17, 1910 (36 Stats., 534), at a cost not to exceed $20,000, but no appropriation has been made therefor.

No. 20. Conneaut Harbor light station, Ohio

For establishing a light and fog signal and improving the existing aids to navigation, Conneaut Harbor, Ohio, $63,500.

NOTE.-Extensive improvements to enlarge this harbor, involving the construction of new breakwaters and pierheads, and the removal of the breakwater pierhead upon which the present Conneaut Harbor front range light and fog signal is situated, have been authorized, and it is expected that this work will be started this season. The harbor improvements will necessitate a rearrangement of the aids to navigation. The commerce of this harbor is extensive and increasing.

No. 21. Lighting York Narrows, Me.

For the lighting of York Narrows, Me., $6,000.

NOTE. It is stated that more than 1,000 sailing vessels annually use this passage. In the spring and fall steamers and especially sailing vessels find it necessary to go through the passage during the nighttime. During winter the channel through York Narrows, although narrow and intricate, is much used when the reaches and thoroughfares are closed by ice.

No. 22. North Farallon Island light station, Cal.—

For establishing a light and fog-signal station on or near North Farallon Island, Cal., $100,000.

NOTE. The present aids to navigation at the Farallon Islands off the entrance to San Francisco Bay are inadequate for safe navigation in this vicinity. There are many dangers to navigation to the northward of southeast Farallon which are without proper protection. The fog signal at Farallon is inaudible on the northerly side of that island and the fight is so high that it is frequently obscured by high fog when the atmosphere is clear for many miles at a lower level.

No. 23. Ram Island light, Me.

For the establishment of a light on or near the easterly side of Ram Island, Lower Kennebec River, Me., $2,500.

NOTE. Ram Island is about 51 miles below Bath, Me., and is a low island in the middle of the river, with a string of half-tide ledges making off from the easterly side. Mariners state that it is very difficult, at times, to make out the island so as to avoid the ledges mentioned, and that a light would not only make navigation safer but would save them much time. A considerable part of the navigation is carried on at night.

No. 24. Cape Kumukahi light station, Hawaii

For establishing a light at or near Cape Kumukahi, Hawaii, $25,000.

NOTE. This cape is the eastermost cape of the island of Hawaii. There is at present no landfall light for vessels bound to Hilo from the eastward or from Panama Canal.

No. 25. Aids to navigation, Fairport Harbor, Ohio

For constructing a lighthouse and improving the aids to navigation at Fairport Harbor, Ohio, $30,000.

NOTE. The completion of the new harbor works necessitates a rearrangement of the aids to navigation at this harbor. It is proposed to discontinue the present main light on the bluff and to construct the main light on the new pierhead,

REPORT

OF THE

SUPERINTENDENT, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY

REPORT

OF THE

SUPERINTENDENT, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR,

COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY,
Washington, September 6, 1911.

SIR: I have the honor to submit the following statement covering the operations of the Coast and Geodetic Survey for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1911:

SUMMARY OF WORK OF THE YEAR.

FIELD WORK.

Work during the year has included surveys along the coasts of the United States and outlying territories, including Alaska, Hawaii, and the Philippines, and triangulation, leveling, gravity, and magnetic work in the interior States and Territories.

A reconnoissance for primary triangulation to extend from the thirty-ninth parallel triangulation in the vicinity of Colorado Springs, Colo., to the Canadian boundary was begun in Colorado early in May, and by the end of the fiscal year over 400 miles of progress had been made. Provision was made for connections with triangulation stations of the United States Geological Survey, section corners of the General Land Office, and with monuments of several State boundaries. The line follows approximately the one hundred and fourth meridian.

One party was engaged in primary triangulation, one in reconnoissance for primary triangulation, six in revision of triangulation, one in gravity work, and one in determinations of latitude, longitude, and azimuth.

The Texas-California arc of the primary triangulation extending from central Texas to the Pacific coast, connecting the ninety-eighth meridian primary triangulation in the vicinity of Weatherford, Tex., with the Pacific coast triangulation in the vicinity of San Diego, Cal., was completed during the year. It is connected with the United States and Mexican boundary at a number of places and is joined to and correlates a number of detached Government surveys. It furnishes the geographical positions on the United States Standard Datum of more than 200 points which can be used to control future public surveys within the region traversed.